• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione, GSH; glutathione peroxidase, GPx) activities in liver and gill of rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus fed the experimental diets for 40 days. The experimental diets were prepared by adding with 30, 60 120 and 240 mg/kg to a commercial diet. In the liver, there were significant increases in SOD at 30~240 mg/kg. GPx activities of liver also were significantly increased at 30~120 mg/kg. The increased activities of SOD and GSH in the gills were observed in the 120 and 240 mg/kg, hence, GPx activity of gill exposed to lower concentrations of zinc (60~240 mg/kg) showed significant augmentation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.512-512
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• 2004

Venus clam, Protothaca jedoensis was collected in lune 2003 from Yosu, Korea. The prevalence and infection intensity of Perkinsus was determined by Ray's Fluid thioglycollate medium technique and Choi's 2 M NaOH digestive assay. The prevalence of infection was 80% in Yosu; 54.2% in Taejon and 15.5% in Sachon. Consequently, infection intensity was highest in clams from Yosu (6250${\pm}$8188 Perkinsus cells/g of tissue) whereas lower levels were found in Taejon (5072${\pm}$10862 Perkinsus cells/g of tissue) and in Sachon (2452${\pm}$15300 Perhnsus cells/g of tissue). Histological observation showed that Perkinsus presented in mantle, gills, digestive tubes and gonad of clams. The hemocytic infiltrations and tissue damages were found in heavy Perkinsus-infected clams. Results after immunofluorescence staining with antibody developed from Perkinsus atlanticus suggested that there is closed relationship between Perkinsus found in Venus clam and Manila clam.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.77-79
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• 2003

Seventeen metazoan parasites were recovered from Sebastes crameri collected from Newport fish market. Nine Trochopus australis and 8 Neobrachiella robusta were found on gill arches of canary rockfishes. The commonest sites of metazoan parasites were the posterodorsal region and second gill arches of Sebastes crameri. T. australis were most commonly found on the second gill arches, but in N. robusta. the first gill arches were the most frequented position. No N. robusta were discovered on the fourth gill arch. Metazoan parasites infected gill arches I, II, and posterodorsal regions of S. crameri, occurring less frequently on the gill arches III, IV anteriorventral and middle regions.

• ALGAE
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2007

The red tide-causing flagellate Chattonella anticfua can cause mass fish kills by their clogging in fish gills. Thisstudy examined the nutrient requirements of C. antiqua isolated from Korea. C. anticfua displayed maximum growthat the day five, followed by a decrease in cell density. Nitrate and nitrite were the preferred nitrogen sources, alonewith adenosine diphosphate for phosphorus compounds. In medium that contained ammonium, a significantdecrease in cell density was observed. Half-saturation constants, Ks, calculated from the maximum growth ratewere 4.94 U|M for NC>3 and 0.79 flM for P04. The growth of C. antiqua was not within the function of the N:P ratio (RU= 0.29). With an N:P ratio as low as 10, the increase in cell density was apparent, with a higher division rate. At lev-els above 50 fiM of NaNOg or 8 ;uM of NaHUPCU, the growth rates were somewhat decreased. Phosphate was thelimiting factor for C. antiqua growth since the starvation of phosphate had brought about a rapid decrease in celldensity in semi-continuous culture. Studies about the temporal modification of the efficiency of nitrate or phosphateuptake may be necessary to explain the bloom dynamics of C. antiaua.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 2007

Myostatin (MSTN; also known as GDF8) is a member of the transforming growth factor ${\beta}-superfamily$ of proteins. MSTN negatively regulates mammalian skeletal muscle growth and development by inhibiting myoblast proliferation. Mice and cattle possessing mutant MSTN alleles display a 'double muscling' phenotype characterized by extreme skeletal muscle hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia. We isolated the full-length cDNA of a novel MSTN gene from S. schlegeli muscle tissue and examined its expression pattern in various tissues. The full-length gene (GenBank DQ423474) consists of 1941bp with an open reading frame of 1134 bp, encoding 377 amino acids that show 62-92% amino acid similarity to other vertebrate MSTNs. The predicted protein contains a conserved proteolytic cleavage site (RXRR) and nine conserved cysteine residues at the C terminus. RT-PCR revealed that the unprocessed and prodomain myostatin mRNAs were predominantly present in muscle, with limited expression in other tissues. However, the mature myostatin mRNA was highly expressed in brain and muscle, intermediately expressed in the gills, intestine, heart, and kidney, and weakly expressed in the liver and spleen.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.228-232
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• 2008

Mushroom cultivation has been started recently in Bangladesh. Awareness of the nutritional and medicinal importance of mushrooms is not extensive. In this study, the nutritional values of dietary mushrooms- Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajorcaju, Pleurotus florida and Calocybe indica that are very popular among the cultivated mushrooms in Bangladesh have been determined. These mushrooms were rich in proteins ($20{\sim}25%$) and fibers ($13{\sim}24%$ in dry samples) and contained a lower amount of lipid (4 to 5%). The carbohydrate contents ranged from 37 to 48% (on the basis of dry weight). These were also rich in mineral contents (total ash content is $8{\sim}13%$). The pileus and gills were protein and lipid rich and stripe was carbohydrate and fiber-rich. The moisture content of mushrooms ranged from 86 to 87.5%. Data of this study suggest that mushrooms are rich in nutritional value.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.383-389
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• 2009

Analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) is an efficient approach for gene discovery, expression profiling, and development of resources useful for functional genomics studies. As part of studies on the immune system of olive flounder, a total of 251 EST sequences from gill cDNA library were generated to identify and characterize important genes in the immune machanisms of olive flounder. Of the 251 clones, 126 clones (50.2%) were identified as orthologues of known genes from olive flounder and other organisms. Among the 126 EST clones, 16 clones (12.7%) were representing 9 unique genes identified as homologous to the previously reported olive flounder ESTs, 100 clones (79.4%) representing 103unique genes were identified as orthologs of known genes from other organisms. We also identified several kinds of immune associated proteins, indicating EST as a powerful method for identifying immune related genes of fish as well as identifying novel genes. Further studies using cDNA microarrays are needed to identify the differentially expressed transcripts after disease infection.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2017

The current investigation dealing with the causative agent of mass mortalities in cultured Oreochromis niloticus. The diseased fish showed external hemorrhage, unilateral and bilateral eye opacity, ended by blindness and fish death. The postmortem lesions revealed congested friable kidney and spleen, and liver has yellow nodules. Obtained isolates were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila (the causative agent of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia) and found to be highly pathogenic as they contained hemolysin virulence gene causing mortality reached to 100 and 70% in intraperitoneal and intramuscular infection. The prevalence of MAS was 80% among the surveyed O. niloticus. Blood and serum were collected from naturally diseased, intraperitoneal and intramuscular injected O. niloticus for hematological and biochemical examination. Similarly, gills, musculature, kidney, liver and spleen were collected for histopathological evaluation, and micropathomorphological analysis of spleen was done. Macrocytic hypochromic anemia was recorded in the intraperitoneal infection. Serum protein, albumin and globulin were decrease only in naturally diseased fish. Leucocytosis with heterophilia and lymphocytosis were observed in naturally diseased and intraperitoneal infected fish. There were severe degenerative changes and hemorrhagic necrosis in the examined tissues which were more obvious in intraperitoneal than intramuscular infection. Activation and proliferation of melanocytes macrophages centers with severe hemosiderosis were recorded in spleen of naturally diseased and experimentally infected fish.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.71-74
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• 1989

Ichthyophonus disease had broken out among rock bream in Dec. 1989. Diseased-fish showed markedly stunted growth and darkish coloration, and anatomically the liver with small white nodules, tumefied spleen with its granulous surface, and the markedly tumefied kidney. Microscopic examination of liver, kidney, spleen and gill from 10 rock bream revealed cyst of the fungus Ichthyophonus sp. Rock bream were heavily infected with the highest concentrations of spherical multinucleate bodies in the liver, the spleen, the kidney and the gills. In heavily infected sectors of tissue a common necrotic zone was formed around spore aggregates. Spherical multinucleate hyphal terminal bodies developed thin hyphae longer than 1mm which divided into many branches.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 1989

Dactylogyrosis due to Dactylogyrus sp. occured among cultured sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) in Geoje, Kyoung Nam Prefecture in July, 1988. Descriptions are given of the opisthohaptor, copulatory organ and also of the structures in Dactylogyrus sp.. Dactylogyrus sp. have one pair of minute anchor (length : $15-22{\mu}m$) and 14 larger hooks. Histopathological changes of the heavily infested gills are showed necrosis, epithelium of the gill filaments underwent hyperplasia with fusion of the lamellae and filamental clubbing. And a bacterial colony is invaded on the surface of lamellar epithelium.