• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.1227-1231
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• 2002

A powerful tool for chicken transgenesis could be established by employing a germline chimera production through primordial germ cell transplantation. This study was conducted to examine whether foreign gene-transfected gonadal primordial germ cells (gPGCs) have a migration activity into the gonad after transfer to recipient embryos. In Experiment 1, gPGCs of Korean Ogol Chicken were retrieved from 5.5-day-old embryos and subsequently transferred to the dorsal aorta of 2.5-day-old White Leghorn embryos after being labeled with PKH26 fluorescent dye. To confirm migration activity after transplantation, recipient embryos were sacrificed and examined on 3 days after transfer. Sex determination was concomitantly undertaken to examine whether sex of recipient embryos could affect the migration activity of gPGCs. All of embryonic gonads examined showed positive signals with PKH26 fluorescence and W-chromosome specific band by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was detected in male embryos when gPGCs with ZW chromosome were transferred to recipient embryos. In Experiment 2, retrieved gPGCs were transfected with LacZ gene-containing cytomegalovirus promoter ($pCMV{\beta}$) by electroporation and subsequently transferred to recipient embryos. LacZ gene expression was identified in the gonads of 6 or 10-day-old recipient embryos and hatched-chicks. A total of 20 embryos and 12 hatched-chicks were examined and 11 of them (10 embryos and one hatched chicken; 11/32=34.4%) expressed $\beta$-galactosidase, a marker substance of LacZ gene. The results of this study demonstrated that foreign gene-transfected gPGCs can migrate and settle down into the gonad after being transferred into the blood vessel of the recipient embryos. This established technique will contribute to developing a peer biotechnology for transgenic chicken.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 고기능성 쌀인 큰눈자미 배아의 phytosterols 함량 및 in vitro 항산화 활성을 평가하고, 성숙기 흰쥐에게 보충 급여한 당질 대사, 항산화 활성 및 일부 cytokines 개선 효과 여부를 검증하였다. Phytosterols 분석에서 NG보다 KG의 campesterol과 stigmasterol의 함량이 유의하게 높았다. NG에 비해 KG가 DPPH radical 소거 활성, 환원력 및 ABTS radical 소거능 측정에서 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 실험동물은 각 10마리씩 3군으로 나누어 일반 식이를 급여하는 NC군, 일반현미배아 3%를 첨가하는 NG3군, 큰눈자미배아 3%를 첨가하는 KG3군으로 나누어 사육하였다. 그 결과 KG3군에서 체중증가량, 신장주위 및 총 지방량이 유의하게 감소하였다. 당질 대사에서 실험군들 간에 glucose, 인슐린, C-peptide 및 HOMA-IR의 수준이 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. KG3군에서 혈중 TNF-α 수준이 NG3에 비해 유의적으로 감소하고, SOD 활성이 유의하게 증가하였으며, leptin, AOPP 및 IL-6 수준이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 큰눈자미 배아는 높은 함량의 phytosterols과, 우수한 in vitro 항산화활성, 그리고 in vivo 실험에서 일부의 cytokine 개선 및 항산화에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 제시하였고 향후 더 많은 생리활성물질 분석, 대사 지표 개선, 작용 기전 규명 등 세부적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.407-415
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• 1986

This study investigated whether a correlation exists between environmental physical and biochemical factors and adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells by using normal and UV-irradiated strains. The results were as follows: 1. The percentage of germ tube forming activities of normal Candida albicans was 91.5% and UV-irradiated Candida albicans was 15.0%. The $LD_{50}$ of normal strains in mice were $1.0{\times}10\;cells/ml$, but could not be observed in the UV-irradiated strains even with $1.0{\times}10\;cells/ml$. It demonstrated that the virulence is decreased in the UV-irradiated strain. 2. The adherence of normal Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells($166{\pm}29{\sim}207{\pm}17\;cells$/100 epithelial cells) was significantly greater than UV-irradiated Candida albicans($99{\pm}21{\sim}131{\pm}25\;cells$/100 epithelial cells). 3. Candida albicans cultured at $37^{\circ}C$ adhered to buccal epithelial cells($166{\pm}16{\sim}207{\pm}17\;cells$/100 epithelial cells) in greater numbers than cultured at $25^{\circ}C$($80{\pm}15{\sim}143{\pm}22\;cells$/100 epithelial cells). 4. On comparison of the adherence of viable and nonviable(heat-killed) Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells, the nonviable Candida albicans demonstrated poorer adherence than viable Candida albicans. 5. Adherence in vitro of Candida albicans to human epithelial cells appeared to be effected by the pH. The adherence ability was maximum increased at pH 7.0($187{\pm}22\;cells$/100 epithelial cells) other than experimental pH. 6. The adherence was proportional to the incubation time and the Candida cell concentration in the suspension. 7. A strong correlation was shown between germ tube forming activity and increased adherence of Candida albicans to human epithelial cells, indicating that germ tube forming activity were responsible for candidal virulence.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2012

Germ cell-specific hyaluronidases such as sperm adhesion molecule 1 (SPAM1) and hyaluronoglucosaminidase 5 (Hyal5) are in part responsible for dispersal of the cumulus cell mass, which is a critical step in establishing fertilization in mammals. In this study, we identified two testis-hyaluronidases, SPAM1 and Hyal5, in hamster and rat. These two genes were expressed specifically in the testis. At the protein level, hamster SPAM1 and Hyal5 display 78.7% and 75.4% identity with mouse SPAM1 and Hyal5. Further, the activity of the enzymes with respect to cumulus cell dispersion did not differ, although we observed that the enzymatic activity differed in pH range. These studies suggest that different sperm hyaluronidases are capable of dispersing the cumulus cell mass despite differences in enzyme activity.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2009

By screening C. elegans mutants for severe defects in germline proliferation, we isolated a new loss-of-function allele of cdc-25.1, bn115. bn115 and another previously identified loss-of-function allele nr2036 do not exhibit noticeable cell division defects in the somatic tissues but have reduced numbers of germ cells and are sterile, indicating that cdc-25.1 functions predominantly in the germ line during postembryonic development, and that cdc-25.1 activity is probably not required in somatic lineages during larval development. We analyzed cell division of germ cells and somatic tissues in bn115 homozygotes with germline-specific anti-PGL-1 immunofluorescence and GFP transgenes that express in intestinal cells, in distal tip cells, and in gonadal sheath cells, respectively. We also analyzed the expression pattern of cdc-25.1 with conventional and quantitative RT-PCR. In the presence of three other family members of cdc-25.1 in C. elegans, defects are observed only in the germ line but not in the somatic tissues in cdc-25.1 single mutants, and cdc-25.1 is expressed predominantly, if not exclusively, in the germ line during postembryonic stages. Our findings indicate that the function of cdc-25.1 is unique in the germ line but likely redundant with other members in the soma.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2007

본 연구는 생식선 키메라 생산효율을 높이기 위한 방법으로 busulfan 가온 주입법을 이용하여 효과적인 원시생식 세포의 이동능력을 검증하였다. 효율적인 생식선 키메라 닭 생산에서 중요한 요건 중 하나인 공여체 원시생식세포의 생존율을 측정한 실험에서는 시간이 지남에 따라 생존율에 변화를 보였으나, 평균 $70{\sim}80%$을 유지하고 있었으며, busulfan 처리 유무에 따른 공여체 원시생식세포 이동능력은 형광염색 후 주입한 실험에서 대조구가 4.8%인 반면 실험구는 23.5%을 나타냈다. 이식전 원시생식세포 배양 조건에 따라, 96시간과 118시간 배양 처리구에서 높은 이동능력을 보여 주었다. 원시생식세포의 형태학적, 생리학적 특징을 응용한 이식방법은 매우 효과적일 것이다. 그리고 본 연구에서는 생식반월의 발달단계 별 busulfan 처리 효과는 48시간이 가장 높은 53.4%였으며, 그러나 본 연구에서는 생식반월 유래 원시생식세포 이식은 48시간 이전, 혈관계가 발달하기 직전으로 가장 높은 효율을 보였다. 결론적으로 생식선 키메라 방법을 통한 형질전환 닭 생산 연구의 가장 큰 관건은 최대한 많은 수의 공여체 원시생식세포가 수용체의 저해작용 없이 안정적으로 수용체 gonad로 이동하여 분화하는 것으로, 본 연구 결과를 토대로 개선된 방법을 이용하면 높은 효율의 생식선 키메라 닭이 생산될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.225-230
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• 1992

Many transgenic mice expressing human growth hormone gene were infertile. To investigate the infertility of these transfenic mice, it was looked into the estrus cycle and sexual behaviour and also tested through in vitro fertilization whether the germ cells of these mice normal or not. The infertile female transgenic mice were mated to the fertile males of ICR strain, but in almost all of them the vaginal plugs were not detected and their estrus cycles by vaginal smear were almost irregular which kept up estrus or diestrus stage. Many male transgenic mice did not have the ability of sexual behaviour. Therefore the viability of germ cells in infertile male transgenic mice was investigated by in vitro fertilization, but the sperm were normally fertilized with the eggs and the transgene of parent was passed on to the progeny. These results consequently suggest that the infertility of transgenic mice experssing human growth hormone gene may be due to the physiological activity of human growth hormone, not germ cells.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.889-892
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• 2002

보리 도정부산물은 맥강과 배아 획분으로부터 항상화 효능과 높은 상관관계가 있는 폴리페놀성 물질(barley polyphenol extract: BPE)을 분리하고 이들 획분을 linoleic acid를 사용한 모델계와 옥배유를 기질로 한 유지의 자동산화를 통하여 이들의 항산화 효과를 검토하였다. TBA가 측정결과 bran III의 BPE는 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$과 유사한 값을 나타내었고, 다른 획분 특히 bran I과 배아 획분의 경우는 합성 항산화제인 BHT와 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 유지의 자동산화에 대한 BPE의 항산화효과를 과산화물가를 이용하여 측정한 결과 저장 초기 10일에서 15일 까지는 첨가 농도가 높아짐에 따라 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ 및 BHT와 유사하거나 다소 높은 항산화력을 나타내었으나 저장 20일 이후부터는 첨가농도에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았다. 또한 $40\;meq/kg{\cdot}oil$에 도달하는 기간을 유도기간으로 정하고 유도기간에 따른 상대적 항산화효과(RAE)를 측정한 결과 bran I과 배아 획분의 BPE를 0.02% 첨가시 RAE값은 각각 128 및 126이었고 0.1% 첨가시에는 135 및 133으로서 첨가량의 변화에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 BHT의 126보다 높게 측정되어 이들 획분은 향후 천연 항산화제로서의 가능성이 시사되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 1981

냉동 단옥수수에서 발생하는 이취와 lipoxygenase 역가간의 관계를 규명하기 위하려 여러 가지 시험이 수행되었다. 수확직후 단옥수수의 lipoxygenase 역가는 전체의 약 60%가 배아부분에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 자숙하지 않은 채 단옥수수를 냉동 저장했을 때 저장중에 이취가 발생되었으며, 이취가 발생된 단옥수수의 flavor profilerk가장 중요한 변화는 대조구에 비하여 $4{\sim}5$배 높게 나타난 hexanal peak였다. 살균 처리한 단옥수수에 lipoxygenase를 단독 또는 다른 효소와 혼합하여 첨가한 처리구에서 높은 hexanal peak가 관찰되었는데, 이런점으로 미루어보아 이취가 발생된 단옥수수의 높은 hexanal peak는 리놀레산(그리고 기타 불포화 지방산)이 lipoxygenase의 촉매작용으로 산화된데 기인하는 것으로 여겨진다. Lipoxygenase의 역가와 리놀레산 함량분포를 근거로 관찰해 보면 이런 산화작용이 대부분 배아부분에서 일어난다고 할 수 있겠다. 냉동 저장한 대공에 붙은 단옥수수(corn-on-the-cob)의 관능시험결과와 배아부분의 hexanal peak간에는 유의성이 있는 상관관계가 있었으며, 이런 결과는 냉동 단옥수수의 이취발생여부를 객관적으로 측정하는 방법으로 hexanal peak를 사용할 수 있음을 말해준다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2023

Previously, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida YJR13 and Pseudomonas putida YJR92 from a sequential screening procedure were proven to effectively control Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici. In this study, we further investigated the anti-oomycete activities of these strains against mycelial growth, zoospore germination, and germ tube elongation of P. capsici. We also investigated root colonization ability of the bacterial strains in square dishes, including cell motility (swimming and swarming motilities) and biofilm formation. Both strains significantly inhibited mycelial growth in liquid and solid V8 juice media and M9 minimal media, zoospore germination, and germ tube elongation compared with Bacillus vallismortis EXTN-1 (positive biocontrol strain), Sphingomonas aquatilis KU408 (negative biocontrol strain), and MgSO₄ solution (untreated control). In diluted (nutrient-deficient) V₈ juice broth, the tested strain populations were maintained at >10⁸ cells/ml, simultaneously providing mycelial inhibitory activity. Additionally, these strains colonized pepper roots at a 10⁶ cells/ml concentration for 7 days. The root colonization of the strains was supported by strong swimming and swarming activities, biofilm formation, and chemotactic activity towards exudate components (amino acids, organic acids, and sugars) of pepper roots. Collectively, these results suggest that strains YJR13 and YJR92 can effectively suppress Phytophthora blight of pepper through direct anti-oomycete activities against mycelial growth, zoospore germination and germ tube elongation. Bacterial colonization of pepper roots may be mediated by cell motility and biofilm formation together with chemotaxis to root exudates.