• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.24-32
• /
• 2016

Commercial buildings and institutions are generally cooling-dominated and therefore reject more heat to a borehole ground heat exchanger (BHE) than they extract over the annual cycle. Shallow ponds can provide a cost-effective means to balance the thermal loads to the ground and to reduce the length of BHE. This paper presents the analysis results of the impact of design parameters on the length of SWHE pipe and its application effect on geothermal heat pump (GHP) system using BHE. In order to analysis, we applied ${\varepsilon}-NTU$ method on designing the length of SWHE pipe. Analysis results show that the required pipe length of SWHE was decreased with the increase of approach temperature difference and with the decrease of pipe wall thickness. In addition, when the SWHE was applied to the GHP system, the temperature of BHE was more stable than that of standalone BHE system.

• New & Renewable Energy
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.60-65
• /
• 2009

The present study was conducted for a comparative evaluation of wet and dry floor heating systems using geothermal heat pump. We circulated hot water from geothermal heat pump which is $10{\sim}15^{\circ}C$ lower than that from boiler. In order to access indoor temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) it took 74 minutes for dry type and 247 minutes for wet type. Average floor temperature was $23.9^{\circ}C$ for wet type and $32.7^{\circ}C$ for dry type. Energy saving rate gradually increased by 66% after 138 minutes. As a result, in case of floor heating system using low temperature circulation water, dry type was more practicable for stable floor heating than wet type in terms of floor temperature and access time to indoor set temperature.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.185-199
• /
• 1998

Hydrogeochemical and environmental isotope studies were undertaken for various kinds of water samples collected in 1995-1996 from the Bugok geothermal area. Physicochemical data indicate the occurrence of three distinct groups of natural water: Group I ($Na-S0_4$ type water with high temperatures up to $77^{\circ}C$, occurring from the central part of the geothermal area), Group II (warm $Na-HCO_{3}-SO_{4}$ type water, occurring from peripheral sites), Group III ($Ca-HCO_3$ type water, occurring as surface waters and/or shallow cold groundwaters). The Group I waters are further divided into two SUbtypes: Subgroup Ia and Subgroup lb. The general order of increasing degrees of hydrogeochemical evolution (due to the degrees of water-rock interaction) is: Group III$\rightarrow$Group II$\rightarrow$Group I. The Group II and III waters show smaller degrees of interaction with rocks (largely calcite and Na-plagioclase), whereas the Group I waters record the stronger interaction with plagioclase, K-feldspar, mica, chlorite and pyrite. The concentration and sulfur isotope composition of dissolved sulfate appear as a key parameter to understand the origin and evolution of geothermal waters. The sulfate was derived not only from oxidation of sedimentary pyrites in surrounding rocks (especially for the Subgroup Ib waters) but also from magmatic hydrothermal pyrites occurring in restricted fracture channels which extend down to a deep geothermal reservoir (typically for the Subgroup Ia waters). It is shown that the applicability of alkaliion geothermometer calculations for these waters is hampered by several processes (especially the mixing with Mg-rich near-surface waters) that modify the chemical composition. However, the multi-component mineral/water equilibria calculation and available fluid inclusion data indicate that geothermal waters of the Bugok area reach temperatures around $125^{\circ}C$ at deep geothermal reservoir (possibly a cooling pluton). Environmental isotope data (oxygen-18, deuterium and tritium) indicate the origin of all groups of waters from diverse meteoric waters. The Subgroup Ia waters are typically lower in O-H isotope values and tritium content, indicating their derivation from distinct meteoric waters. Combined with tritium isotope data, the Subgroup Ia waters likely represent the older (at least 45 years old) meteoric waters circuated down to the deep geothermal reservoir and record the lesser degrees of mixing with near-surface waters. We propose a model for the genesis and evolution of sulfate-rich geothermal waters.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.316-326
• /
• 2017

Commercial buildings and institutions are predominantly cooled, thereby dissipating excess heat to a vertical ground heat exchanger (VGHE), than heat extracted over an annual cycle. Surface waters, such as lakes and ponds, provide a cost-effective means of reducing the VGHE length, and in balancing the thermal loads to the ground. This paper presents the measurement and analysis of the cooling performance of ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) system, using surface water heat exchanger (SWHE) submerged in an artificial pond. In order to measure the performance of the system, we installed monitoring equipment, including sensors, for assessing the temperature and power consumption, after which the operation parameters were determined. The results from the thermal performance test for the SWHE indicate that the temperatures at the outlet of the SWHE and within the pond were affected by outdoor air temperature. In addition, the results reveal similar variation trends on temperatures; however, the peak temperatures of the SWHE were somewhat greater than those of outdoor air, due to the thermal capacity of the pond. Analyzing the cooling performance over the measurement period, the average coefficient of performance (COP) of heat pump was found to be 5.71, while that for the entire system was 2.99.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.626-629
• /
• 2008

In this study, a geothermal power generation system using the Kalina cycle was investigated by the simulation method. The Kalina cycle system can be used for the utilization of a low-temperature heat sources such as geothermal and industrial waste heat that are not hot enough to produce steam. The sea/river water can be considered as a cooling media. A steady-state simulation model was developed to analyze and optimize its performance. The model contains a turbine, a pump, an expansion valve and heat exchangers. The turbine and pump were modelled by an isentropic efficiency, while a condenser, an evaporator and a regenerative heat exchanger were modeled by UA-LMTD method with a counter-flow assumption. The effect of the ammonia fraction at the separator inlet on the cycle performance is investigated in detail.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.142-146
• /
• 2012

In the geothermal power, the geothermal fluid such as water or steam is moved from the ground to turbine a pipeline. Because the geothermal fluid with high temperature contains Cl-and SO4-, It cause to diminish the system lifetime due to the increase in the corrosion of pipeline. In the present work, the characteristics of corrosion and its fatigue of the sus316 which is used in the pipeline are evaluated experimentally. From this study, the following results can be obtained; for the case of the corrosion environment, it is found that the corrosion rate is faster than that of the steam environment by 10 to 30 times, and the corrosion fatigue limit is underestimated compared to that of steam state.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2019

The operational conditions such as cooling tower water pump flow rate, cooling tower fan flow rate, and chiller capacity in heat source equipment, and supply air temperature and chilled water temperature in air conditioner are considered to study the effects on energy consumption for central cooling system by using TRNSYS program. As a result, the optimal values of supply air temperature and chilled water temperature for minimal total energy consumption are 12℃ and 8℃. And if maximum values of cooling tower water pump and fan flow rate is decreased from 100% to 40%, energy consumptions are increased 170MJ/day and 63.2MJ/day, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2018

The Effects of hot water supply temperature on indoor thermal characteristics for floor radiant heating system in residential apartment were researched by computer simulation. The parametric study on hot water supply temperatures with different outdoor air temperatures was done with regard to energy performance and control characteristics, respectively. As a result, the maximum overshoot of indoor air temperature and energy consumption were reduced by adjusting the hot water supply temperatures with outdoor air temperatures.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2005

The geothermal research has been carried out on the Heunghae, Pohang geothermal area know as having geo-heat-flow area in the Korean peninsula. This study results so far indicate that geothermal water in the area is in peripheral waters of hydrothermal area and is not in equilibrium with the reservoir rock. The average oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope values are as follows: deep groundwater $(average:\;{\delta}^{18}O=-10.1\%_{\circ},\;{\delta}D=-65.8\%_{\circ})$, intermediate groundwater (average: $(average:\;{\delta}^{18}O=-8.9\%_{\circ},\;{\delta}D=-59.6\%_{\circ})$, shallow groundwater $(average:\;{\delta}^{18}O=-8.0\%_{\circ},\;{\delta}D=-53.6\%_{\circ})$, surface water $(average:\;{\delta}^{18}O=-7.9\%_{\circ},\;{\delta}D=-53.3\%_{\circ})$ respectively. Deep groundwaters was originated from a local meteoric water recharged from distant, topographically high mountain region and not affected by the sea water. High temperature zone inferred from water geothermometers is around D-1, D-5, D-6, 1-04 well zones. The estimated enthalpy from Silica-enthalpy mixing model is near 410 kJ/kg, which corresponds to the temperature of $98^{\circ}C$, and in consistent with the result of Na-K and K-Mg geothermometer.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.194.1-194.1
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 지열히트펌프 시스템의 열원으로써 지열이외에 건축물의 미활용 에너지라고 할 수 있는 상수도의 에너지를 활용하여 지중열교환기의 천공길이를 줄이는 것이 주요 목적이며, 또한 건물의 미활용에너지를 냉난방에너지원으로써 이용 가능한 것을 보여주는 것에 있다. 실험은 4인 가족기준으로 3RT 용량의 히트펌프를 설치하고 인당 평균 177 liter/day 기준으로 하루에 약 710 liter/day의 물을 사용하는 것으로 가정하였다(환경부 2007년 상수도 통계값). 시간당 가정내에서 사용하는 물량은 일정하지 않아 일일 8시간 사용하는 것으로 하여 약 1.5 LPM 으로 실험하였다. 저수조의 크기 및 지열 히트펌프의 열원으로써 사용가능한 열량을 계산하기 위해 CFD 시물레이션을 수행하였다. CFD의 결과 상수도를 급수하기 위한 저수조의 크기는 $2m^3$로 결정하였으며 이때 열원으로써 사용가능한 열량은 약 0.7RT였다. 48시간의 실험기간 동안 저수조를 통해 얻은 열원은 0.6RT 였으며 100m의 지중열교환기를 통해 얻은 열원은 2RT 였다. 히트펌프 자체의 난방 COP는 평균 4.2를 나타내었으며 펌프등의 소비전력을 포함한 System COP는 4.0 나타내었다. 이번 연구를 통해 건물의 미활용에너지인 저수조의 물을 이용하여 지열히트펌프의 열원으로써 이용 가능하며 기존의 지열히트펌프 시스템대비 천공길이 단축, 시공비 저감이 가능한 것을 볼 수 있었다.