• 약학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

Most antineoplastic agents are nonselective in their mechanism of action, affecting noncancerous as well as cancerous cells, and resulting in acute effects such as irritation of mucous membranes and chronic effects such as genotoxicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. Healthcare workers occupationally exposed to antineoplastic agents are at risk. The present study aimed to develop and apply methods to monitor occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents, using cyclophosphamide (CP) as the model compound. To monitor environmental and biological exposure, potentially contaminated surfaces were wiped and 24 hour urine samples were collected from workers. Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry was performed, with a limit of detection of 0.05 ng/ml. Measurable amounts of CP were detected on 92% of the sampled surfaces, with a geometric mean of 175.22 $ng/m^2$. Despite the environmental contamination of the model compound, CP was below the detection limit in all urine samples. If workplace contamination cannot be completely avoided, it is importance to reduce exposure to the lowest possible levels. To this aim, efforts to minimize occupational exposure along with biological and environmental monitoring are required. The standardized sampling techniques, and specific and sensitive analytical methods reported in this study may be helpful in assessing occupational exposure and devising strategies to reduce exposure.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.560-565
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• 1999

The present work was conducted to investigate the drug susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from canine external ear canals. Antifungal susceptibility test of M pachydermatis (17 strains) was perfomed by agar dilution method, using 11 antifungal drugs including amphotericin B(A), nystatin(N), pimaricin(P), griseofulvin(G), bifonazole(B), clotrimazole(C), miconazole(M), econazole(E), ketoconazole(K), tolnaftate(T), 5-fluorocytosine(F). All isolates were highly sensitive to K, M, T(geometric mean MIC ; GM $MIC{\leq}0.16{\mu}g/ml$) but they weren't sensitive to P, F and G(GM $MIC{\geq}92.37{\mu}g/ml{\sim}{\geq}128{\mu}g/ml$). Antibacterial susceptibility test against 119 isolates of bacteria was performed by agar dilution method, using 9 antibacterial drugs including erythromycin(ET), chloramphenicol(CP), gentamycin(G), vancomycin(V), ampicillin(AP), amoxacillin(AX), chlortetracycline(CT), ciprofloxacin(CF), enrofloxacin(EF). All isolates of Staphylococcus spp(101 strains) were highly sensitive to EF, CF, G(GM MIC $0.33{\sim}1.47{\mu}g/ml$). In other gram positive cocci(4 strains), they were highly sensitive to EF, CF, V(GM MIC $1{\sim}4.76{\mu}g/ml$) and CT(GM MIC 1 UFL unit/ml). In gram positive rods(13 strains), they were highly sensitive to EF, CF, G(GM $MIC{\leq}0.19{\sim}1{\mu}g/ml$). In Pseudomonas aeruginosa(1 strain), it was highly sensitive to AX, EF, ET, CF(GM MIC $0.06{\sim}1{\mu}g/ml$) and CT(GM MIC 1 UFL unit/ml). All isolates weren't sensitive to AP(GM MIC 16~>$32{\mu}g/ml$).

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.658-667
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• 2019

Objective: This study was designed to compare construction types and seasonal radon concentrations in dwellings in Jeollabuk-do Province in Korea. Methods: The measurement of indoor radon concentrations in 79 dwellings using alpha-track detectors was performed every three months (seasonally) over one year between 2015 and 2016. Also, Radon concentrations in soil were measured in spring to investigate the correlations between the concentrations in soil and indoor air. Results: The annual average concentration of indoor radon for dwellings was 89.7±72.1(GM: 72.4) Bq/㎥, with a range (min-max) of 17.2 to 505.4 Bq/㎥. The highest indoor radon concentration was measured in winter and the lowest was shown in summer. The geometric mean of radon concentration in winter was 1.03-2.58 times higher than other seasons. Radon concentrations in soil were investigated at the depth of 1 m, and the concentrations ranged from 1,780 Bq/㎥ to 123,264 Bq/㎥. This showed low correlations with indoor radon concentrations.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2016

Background: Very fine radiation-induced aerosol particles are produced in intense radiation fields, such as high-intensity accelerator rooms and containment vessels such as those in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP). Size measurement of the aerosol particles is very important for understanding the behavior of radioactive aerosols released in the FDNPP accident and radiation safety in high-energy accelerators. Materials and Methods: A combined technique using wire screens and imaging plates was developed for size measurement of fine radioactive aerosol particles smaller than 100 nm in diameter. This technique was applied to the radiation field of a proton accelerator room, in which radioactive atoms produced in air during machine operation are incorporated into radiation-induced aerosol particles. The size of $^{11}C$-bearing aerosol particles was analyzed using the wire screen technique in distinction from other positron emitters in combination with a radioactive decay analysis. Results and Discussion: The size distribution for $^{11}C$-bearing aerosol particles was found to be ca. $70{\mu}m$ in geometric mean diameter. The size was similar to that for $^7Be$-bearing particles obtained by a Ge detector measurement, and was slightly larger than the number-based size distribution measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer. Conclusion: The particle size measuring method using wire screens and imaging plates was successfully applied to the fine aerosol particles produced in an intense radiation field of a proton accelerator. This technique is applicable to size measurement of radioactive aerosol particles produced in the intense radiation fields of radiation facilities.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop prediction models for plant species abundance by stream restoration. Generally the stream plant is affected by stream gemophology. So in this study, the relationship between the vegetation abundance and stream gemophology was developed by multiple regression analysis. The stream characteristics utilized in this study were longitudinal slope, transectional slope, micro-landforms through the longitudinal direction, riparian width and geometric mean diameter and biggest diameter of bed material, and cumulated coarse and fine sand weight portion. The Pyungchang River with mountainous watershed and the Kyungan stream and the Bokha stream in the agricultural region were selected and vegetation species abundance and stream characteristics were documented from the site at 2~3km intervals from the upper stream to the lower. The Models for predicting the vegetation abundance were developed by multiple regression analysis using SPSS statistics package. The linear relationship between the dependant(species abundance) and independant(stream characteristics) variables was tested by a graphical method. Longitudinal and transectional slope had a nonlinear relationship with species abundance. In the next step, the independance between the independant variables was tested and the correlation between independant and dependant variables was tested by the Pearson bivariate correlation test. The selected independant variables were transectional slope, riparian width, and cumulated fine sand weight portion. From the multiple regression analysis, the $R^2$for the Pyungchang river, Kyungan stream, Bokga stream were 0.651, 0.512 and 0.240 respectively. The natural stream configuration in the Pyungchang river had the best result and the lower $R^2$for Kyunan and Bokha stream were due to human impact which disturbed the natural ecosystem. The lowest $R^2$for the Bokha stream was due to the shifting sandy bed. If the stream bed is fugitive, the prediction model may not be valid. Using the multiple regression models, the vegetation abundance could be predicted with stream characteristics such as, transection slope, riaparian width, cumulated fine sand weigth portion, after stream restoration.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.569-579
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• 1994

The genetically determined ability to metabolize debrisoquine (DBR) is related to risk of lung cancer and DBR hydroxylation exhibits wide inter-individual variation. In this study, 100 korean adults were tested for their ability to metabolize DBR. The DBR metabolic phenotype were determined by metabolic ratio (MR, DBR / 4-HDBR) which is the percent dose excreted as unchanged DBR divided by the percent dose excreted as 4-hydroxyebrisoquine(4-HDBR) in a aliquot of an eight hour urine sample, after 10mg DBR test dose administration. Analysis was performed on a capillary gas chromatograph fitted with electron capture detector. The results were as follows; 1 Geometric mean of DBR MR was 0.32 in male,0.27 in female,0.30 in total and the distribution of log (MR) was seemed to follow normal distribution. 2. Metabolic ratio of DBR was higher in non-smoker and non-drinker than in smoker and drinker without any statistically significant difference. 3. None of personal factors was significantly related to DBR MR except age. 4. The DBR metabolic phenotype was extensive metabolizer(EM) 93, intermediate metabolizer(IM) 7 by traditional method and EM 98, IM 3 by Caporaso's method. The poor metabolizer (PM) phenotype was not found by either method. 5. Maximal expected PM phenotype was 0.36% by traditional method and 0.04% by Caporaso's method.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2008

This paper aims to provide basic data for work environment control, prevention of worker exposure to asbestos and improvement of air quality to protect workers ‘health after measuring the level of airborne asbestos and workers' exposure in a shipbuilding repair businesses. For this study, a total of 27 samples were collected from 27 workers who had been exposed to asbestos during engine, piping, boiler and other manufacturing processes in 'A' Shipbuilding Repair Company in Gyeongnam. This research was conducted from Oct. 1 to 30, 2007 and had the following results: The target group (27 workers) consisted of all men with an average age of 35.9 years and 6.6 years of work on average. Among them, fifteen 15 (55.6%) were smokers. In terms of their duties at work, there were 12 plumbing repair engineers (44.4%), 8 boiler repair engineers (29.6%) and 7 engine engineers (25.9%). The geometric mean concentration of airborne asbestos was 0.004 f/cc. A total of 4 samples exceeded the exposure limit. In particular, three exceeded the legal limit by more than double, which means that some workers have been highly exposed to asbestos. In terms of the concentration of asbestos fibres by work process, plumbing repair was the highest (0.0071 f/cc($0.001{\sim}0.57\;f/cc$)) while boiler was the lowest (0.0015 f/cc($0.001{\sim}0.007\;f/cc$)). Based on this study, proper action needs to be taken as soon as possible to protect workers from the threat of asbestos.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 유기물 재료로 구득이 쉽고 수량이 풍부하며 재료의 균일성이 좋은 왕겨를 팽연화 하여 양액재배용 배지 재료 사용하기 위해 적합한 조건을 탐색해 보았다. 팽연화 왕겨의 물리성은 CEC 37.0cmol.kg-1, 가비중 0.19g.㎤, -0.1 bar 상태에서 보수력 271.0으로 펄라이트보다 우수하였으나 흡수속도는 펄라이트에 크게 떨어지는 경향이었다. 팽연화 수준이 높아짐에 따라 보수력, 흡수속도 등 수분관련 물성이 좋아지는데 반해 입도가 작아지고 부숙속도가 빨라지는 변화가 있었고 재배중 부숙이 진행됨에 따라 급액 15일 이후부터 pH가 상승되며 15~20일 사이에 NO3 부족이 심화되어 작물에 스테레스를 주는 것으로 판단되었다. ERH a처리에서 당도가 펄라이트에 비해 약 1.0 。Brix정도 높고 수량의 유의성은 없었으므로 틈새간극 8mm, 날높이 3mm에서 생산된 팽연화 왕겨의 물성이 양액재배용 배지 재료로 사용하기에 적정하였다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2015

생동성 시험과 같은 임상약리학분야의 연구는 일반적으로 한 개체 내에서 반복하여 측정된 자료구조를 사용하므로 선형혼합모형을 이용하여 분석하는 것이 보편적이다. 이러한 모형에서 랜덤효과는 개체 내 관측 자료 사이의 상관관계를 설명하고, 공분산행렬은 개체-내 변동을 설명한다. 생동성 분석은 두 약물의 약동학적 변수인 Cmax와 AUC의 기하평균비에 대한 90% 신뢰구간이 동등성 한계인 [0.8, 1.25] 범위에 드는지 알아보는 분석으로, 고정효과에는 시기, 순서군, 치료효과를, 랜덤효과에는 개체효과를 가지는 선형혼합모형을 이용하여 분석한다. 이러한 분석이 적용된 실제 예를 살펴보기 위하여 레보플록사신 연구의 자료를 활용하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

The purpose of ecological risk assessment in soil ecosystem is to protect ecological receptors and to provide a scheme of efficient management for soil contaminants. Developed countries have already prepared the methodologies of ecological risk assessment by considering their soil properties, land use, and ecological receptors. In this study, we compared the soil ecological risk assessment processes in the similarity and differences in methodology. Four countries, except for USA, adjusted the toxicological data for ecological risk assessment, based on their representative soil properties because the soil properties affect toxic effects to ecological receptors. The soil ecological risk assessment methodology of Netherlands and UK was based on 'Technical guidance document on risk assessment (TGD)' of European Chemical Bureau (ECB). Australia, USA, and Canada developed their autonomous methodology. In the Netherlands, UK, Australia, and Canada, they employed the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach if sufficient toxicity data are available. The USA determined the ecological soil screening level by obtaining the geometric mean of toxicological data for three species. Furthermore, all countries consider secondary poisoning in their soil ecological risk assessment. The latest risk assessment methodology of soil ecosystem that this study investigated can be used to explore what Korea needs to develop the Korean ecological risk assessment methodology of soil ecosystem in the future.