• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.180-188
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• 1994

Error assessment and evaluation for machine for machine tool slides have been considered as essential tools for improving accuracy. In this paper, a computer aided measurement technique is proposed using photo pin diodes of quadrant type and laser source. In thedeveloped system, three photo diodes are mounted on a sensor mounting table, and the sensored signal is processed by specially designed signal conditioner to give fine resolution with minimum noise. A micro computer inputs the processed signal, and the geometric errors of five degree of freedoms are successfully evaluated. Pitch, roll, yaw, vertical and horizontal straightness errors are thus assessed simultaneously for a machine tool slide. Calibration techniques such as optics calibration, photo diode calibration are proposed and implemented, giving precise calibration for the measurement system. The developed system has been applied to a practical machine tool slide, and has been found as one of efficient and precise technique for machine tool slide.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.381-390
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• 1998

An algorithm to extract the 3-D geometric information of a static object was developed using a set of 2-D computer vision system and a laser structured lighting device. As a structured light pattern, multi-parallel lines were used in the study. The proposed algorithm was composed of three stages. The camera calibration, which determined a coordinate transformation between the image plane and the real 3-D world, was performed using known 6 pairs of points at the first stage. Then, utilizing the shifting phenomena of the projected laser beam on an object, the height of the object was computed at the second stage. Finally, using the height information of the 2-D image point, the corresponding 3-D information was computed using results of the camera calibration. For arbitrary geometric objects, the maximum error of the extracted 3-D feature using the proposed algorithm was less than 1~2mm. The results showed that the proposed algorithm was accurate for 3-D geometric feature detection of an object.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.1836-1839
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• 1997

This paper presents machine vision technique with a camera modeling that accounts for major sources of camera distortion, namely, radial, decentering, and thin prism distortion. Radial distortion causes an inward or outward displacement of a given image point from its ideal location. Actual optical systems are subject to various degrees of decentering, that is, the optical centers of lens elements are not strictly collinear. It is our purpose to develop the vision system for the pattern recognition and the automatic test of parts and to apply the line of manufacturing.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1411-1412
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• 2011

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2737-2742
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• 2003

Kinematic calibration enhances absolute accuracy by compensating for the fabrication tolerances and installation errors. Effectiveness of calibration procedures depends greatly on the measurements performed. While the Cartesian postures are measured completely, all of the geometric parameters can be identified to their true values. With partial pose measurements, however, few geometric parameters may not be identifiable and effectiveness of the calibration results may vary significantly within the workspace. QR decomposition of the identification Jacobian matrix can reveal the non-identifiable parameters. Selecting postures for measurement is also an important issue for efficient calibration procedure. Typically, the condition number of the identification Jacobian is minimized to find optimum postures. This paper investigates identifiable parameters and optimum postures for four different calibration procedures - measuring postures completely with inverse kinematic residuals, measuring postures completely with forward kinematics residuals, measuring only the three position components, and restraining the mobility of the end-effector using a constraint link. The study is performed for a six degree-of-freedom fully parallel HexaSlide type paralle manipulator, HSM. Results verify that all parameters are identifiable with complete posture measurements. For the case of position measurements, one and for the case of constraint link, three parameters were found non-identifiable. Optimal postures showed the same trend of orienting themselves on the boundaries of the search space.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 영상기반 파노라믹 3D 가상 환경 (Virtual Environment: VE) 생성을 위해 회전하는 다수의 멀티뷰 카메라를 위한 캘리브레이션 방법을 제안한다. 일반적으로, 카메라 캘리브레이션 알고리즘은 카메라와 캘리브레이션 패턴 사이의 이 멀어질수록 획득되는 카메라 파라미터의 정확도가 상당히 저하되어 파노라마 영상 제작에는 부적합하다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 멀티뷰 카메라의 렌즈간 그리고 회전하는 다수의 멀티뷰 카메라간의 기하학적인 상관 위치 관계를 이용하여 정확도를 높인다. 우선, Tsai의 캘리브레이션 알고리즘을 적용하여 획득된 카메라 파라미터를 카메라 렌즈간의 사전 기하 정보와 비교하여 그 오차에 기반한 인트라 카메라 캘리브레이션 (Intra-camera Calibration)을 수행한다. 그리고 가상 공간에 역투영된 3D point cloud에 ICP 알고리즘을 적용하여 인터 카메라 캘리브레이션 (Inter-camera Calibration)을 수행한다. 이를 확장하여, 다수의 카메라를 회전시켜 획득된 3D point cloud에 대해 기준 카메라의 위치를 중심으로 인터 카메라 캘리브레이션을 연속적으로 수행함으로써 회전하는 다수의 멀티뷰 카메라에 대한 캘리브레이션을 수행한다. 이와 같은 캘리브레이션 방법을 통해 중에서도 비교적 개선된 카메라 파라미터를 획득할 수 있기 때문에 파노라믹 3D 가상 환경을 생성하기 위한 정합과정에 사용할 수 있다. 또한, 실시간 3D 객체 추적 및 AR 응용 시스템 등의 다양한 AR 응용분야에 활용될 수 있다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 어안렌즈의 교정(calibration)과 기하학적 왜곡을 보정하기 위해서 광학 시뮬레이터에 적합한 나선형 패턴을 제안하고, 이를 이용하여 별도의 수학적 모델링이 필요 없는 교정 알고리듬을 제안한다. 나선형 패턴을 광학 시뮬레이터의 입력 영상으로 이용하여 어안렌즈로 왜곡 시킨 영상에서 기하학적으로 이동된 점들의 정합을 통하여 교정을 수행한다. 이러한 과정에서 나선형 패턴 영상에서 중심으로부터 멀어지는 점들이 어안렌즈의 기하학적 왜곡을 거쳐 이동되는 정보를 왜곡되기 전의 위치와 정합하기 때문에 정확한 교정이 가능한 동시에, 별도의 모델링이 필요 없기 때문에 효율적인 처리가 가능하다. 제안된 기술은 어안렌즈를 이용한 패턴인식 시스템에서 손실 없는 디지털 영상 확대를 통하여 정확한 정보를 추출하는 데에 이용할 수 있다. 또한 넓은 시야각을 필요로 하는 다양한 영상처리 분야에 적용하여 어안렌즈의 교정과 왜곡 보정을 가능하게 한다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 1999

A system to extract continuously the real 3-D geometric fearture information from 2-D image of an object, which is fed randomly via conveyor has been developed. Two sets of structured laser lightings were utilized. And the laser structured light projection image was acquired using the camera from the signal of the photo-sensor mounted on the conveyor. Camera coordinate calibration matrix was obtained, which transforms 2-D image coordinate information into 3-D world space coordinate using known 6 points. The maximum error after calibration showed 1.5 mm within the height range of 103mm. The correlation equation between the shift amount of the laser light and the height was generated. Height information estimated after correlation showed the maximum error of 0.4mm within the height range of 103mm. An interactive 3-D geometric feature extracting software was developed using Microsoft Visual C++ 4.0 under Windows system environment. Extracted 3-D geometric feature information was reconstructed into 3-D surface using MATLAB.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

A method of the volumetric error measurement and calibration of NC machine tools is studied using an artifact method. In this study, a hole-pate is designed and machined using stainless steel. We tested and applied the hole-plate artifact in a commercial CMM(Coordinate Measuring Machine), after calibration of the hole-plate using a precise CMM. It has been shown that not only the measurement of geometric error components but also the 2D length error calculation in a working volume is available using the hole-pate artifact method. The results of study can also be used in NC machine with touch probe as the same method in CMM.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.2358-2367
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• 1994

This paper presents techniques for evaluation and compensation of total measuring errors in a commercial CMM. The probe errors as well as the machine geometric errors are assessed from probing of the mechanical artefacts such as shpere, step, and rings. For the error compensation, the integrated volumetric error equations are considered, including the probe error adn the machine geometric error. The error compensation is performed on the absolute scale coordinate system, in order to overcome the redundant degree of freedom in the CMM with multi-axis probe. A interface box and corresponding software driver are developed for data intercepting/correction between the machine controller and machine, thus the volumetric errors can be compensated in real time with minimum interference to the operating software and hardware of a commercial CMM. The developed system applied to a practical CMM installed on the shop floor, and demonstrated its performance.