• 제목/요약/키워드: gentamicin

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시베리안 호랑이의 만성설사 분변에서 분리한 Clostriduium perfringens의 항생제 감수성 (Antibiotic Sensitivity of Clostridium perfringens Isolated from feces of Siberian Tiger with Chronic Diarrhea)

  • 나기정;이완규;양만표
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.475-479
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause of chronic diarrhea from anaerobic bacteria isolated from Siberian tiger with chronic diarrhea. Major anaerobic bacteria isolated from faces were Clostridium perfringens and their population was $6 {\times} 10^3$ cfu/g feces. Antibiotic sensi- tivity test against Clostridium perfringens was performed using 6 antibiotic drugs including colistin gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, amikacin, enofloxacin and penicillin. Clostridium per- fringens were sensitive to amikacin, enrofloxacin and penicillin while they were resistant to colistin. gentamicin and trmetboprim/sulfamethoxazole. And we found that chronic diarrhea of Siberian tiger was treated successfully with penicillin. These results suggested that Clostridium perfringens may bee a cause of chronic diarrhea in Siberian tiger.

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설사자돈으로부터 병원성대장균, 캠필로박터속균 및 살모넬라속균의 분리동정 (Isolation of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Thermophilic Campylobacter and Salmonellae from Scouring Piglets)

  • 이주홍;조희택;김용환;강호조;차인호
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 1988
  • This study was conducted to isolate etiological agents from the 103 scouring piglets in Gyeongnam area and also carried out antimicrobial drug susceptibility test and epidemiogical served. The incidence of scouring piglet was most prevalent as 81.6% in the age of 2 to 4 weeks after birth, while the rate was less than 10% in the age of 5 to 6 weeks and under 1 week after birch. When compared the isolation frequency of the each etiological agent, enteropathogenic E. coli was most prevalent as 46.6%, thermophilic Campylobacter 26.2% and Salmonellae was 8.7% in order. In the OK serotyping for 117 isolates of enteropathogenic E. coli, type 0141 : K85 (20.5%), 0157:K88ac(14.5%), 0138:K81 and 0149:K91 (13.3%) were encountered most frequently. In the biotyping for 27 isolates of thermophilic Campylobacter, most strains of C. jejuni were belong to type I (50.0%) and II (25.0%), and most strains of C. coli were belong to biotype I (78.9%). In the serotyping for 9 strains of Salmonellae, 3 strains were grouped as D, 2 strains as C. and each 1 strain was group B and E. The other 2 strains were untypable. The 117 isolates of enteropathogenic E. coli were resistant more than 90% to erythromycin, penicillin, tetracycline and streptomycin, wherease about 90% of the isolates were sensitive to kanamycin and gentamicin. In the case of Salmonellae, all of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, but about 89% of the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and colistin. All of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were resistant to cephalothin, but more than 89% of C.jejuni and C. coli were sensitive to kanamycin and gentamicin.

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Methicillin, Cefamandole, Oxytetracycline에 의한 사람 호중구 Elastase의 변화 (Antibiotics; Methicillin, Cefamandole and Oxytetracycline, Can Modulate the Activity of Human Neutrophil Elastases)

  • 김사열;정혜영;배성준;강구일
    • 대한약리학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.109-113
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    • 1989
  • 사람 혈액속의 elastase와 관련된 질병에 대한 연구는 다양한 저해제의 개발을 동반해 왔으며, 최근 항생제도 그 관심대상이 되고 있다. 두 단계의 액체 크로마토그래피를 거쳐 얻은 고순도의 elastase에 12종의 항생제를 처리하였다. 세포벽합성 저해제로 알려져 있는 penicillin계와 cephalosporin계 항생제를 각각 3종씩 처리한 결과, methicillin과 cefamandole은 10mM 농도에서 elastase 활성을 50% 이상 저해하였지만, 나머지는 거의 10% 미만이었다. 단백질합성 저해제 중 oxytetracycline의 elastase에 대한 저해효과는 10mM 농도에서 95% 이상으로 매우 탁월하였으며 $(IC_{50}=0.3mM)$, gentamicin도 50% 이상 저해하였으나, 다른 aminoglycoside나 chloramphenicol은 역시 10%미만이었다. 실험해 본 항생제 가운데, oxytetracycline, cefamandole, methicillin, gentamicin 등은 elastase에 대한 강력한 저해제였으며, 그 작용기전은 항생제의 알려진 약리학적 기전과는 다른 차원의 모델임이 분명하였다.

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Optimal Sampling Times of Once Daily Gentamicin in Korean Patients with Urinary Tract Infections

  • Park, Hyo-Jung;Sohn, Kie-Ho;Choi, Kyung-Eob;Shin, Sang-Yup;Jung, Sook-In;Oh, Won-Sup;Peck, Kyong-Ran;Song, Jae-Hoon;Lee, Suk-Hyang
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.178-182
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    • 2003
  • The clinical use of once daily aminoglycoside (ODA) dosing has been increased because of the potential therapeutic advantages of this dosing regimen. To evaluate the optimal sampling times of ODA dosing method in a clinical setting, the study was prospectively conducted in a total of 28 patients with UTI. All of the patients were intravenously administered gentamicin at a dose of 7 mg/kg over 60 minutes and randomly divided into two groups. Blood was collected at 0, 2, and 6 hours in Group A and at 1, 2, and 6 hours in Group B after the end of 1-hour infusion. The pharmacokinetic parameters (Ke, Vd and Cmax) obtained using the 0, 6 hour levels and 2, 6 hour levels in Group A were statistically different while those of 1, 6 hour levels and 2, 6 hour levels in Group B were similar. This finding indicated that the distributional phase of ODA is completed within 1 hour following the end of the I-hour infusion. If we are allowed to collect only two blood samples in ODA considering patients comfort and the analytical cost of drug, the first one should be drawn after 1 hour following the end of infusion to obtain adequate pharmacokinetic information.

Antiapoptotic Effect of Paricalcitol in Gentamicin-induced Kidney Injury

  • Suh, Sang Heon;Lee, Ko Eun;Park, Jeong Woo;Kim, In Jin;Kim, Ok;Kim, Chang Seong;Choi, Joon Seok;Bae, Eun Hui;Ma, Seong Kwon;Lee, Jong Un;Kim, Soo Wan
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제17권5호
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    • pp.435-440
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    • 2013
  • While the anti-apoptotic effect of paricalcitol has been demonstrated in various animal models, it is not yet clear whether paricalcitol attenuates the apoptosis in gentamicin (GM)-induced kidney injury. We investigated the effect of paricalcitol on apoptotic pathways in rat kidneys damaged by GM. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: 1) Control group (n=8), where only vehicle was delivered, 2) GM group (n=10), where rats were treated with GM (150 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, 3) PARI group (n=10), where rats were co-treated with paricalcitol (0.2 ${\mu}g/kg/day$) and GM for 7 days. Paricalcitol attenuated renal dysfunction by GM administration in biochemical profiles. In terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining, increased apoptosis was observed in GM group, which was reversed by paricalcitol co-treatment. Immunoblotting using protein samples from rat cortex/outer stripe of outer medulla showed increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved form of caspase-3 in GM group, both of which were reversed by paricalcitol. The phosphorylated Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) expression was increase in GM, which was counteracted by paricalcitol. The protein expression of p-Akt and nitro-tyrosine was also enhanced in GM-treated rats compared with control rats, which was reversed by paricalcitol co-treatment. Paricalcitol protects GM-induced renal injury by antiapoptotic mechanisms, including inhibition of intrinsic apoptosis pathway and JNK.

겐타마이신 설페이트를 서방화한 다공성 PLLA 지지체의 제조와 물성평가 (Fabrication and Characterization of Porous PLLA Scaffolds with Gentamicin Sulfate Release System)

  • 최명규;강길선;이일우;이종문;이해방
    • 폴리머
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.318-326
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    • 2001
  • 본 연구에서는 세포 배양시 감염방지용으로 널리 쓰이는 겐타마이신 설페이트(GS)가 서방화된 다공성 PLLA 지지체를 유화동결건조방법으로 제조하였다 이들의 물성을 전자현미경 및 수은다공도계로 특성결정하였고, 적심성은 푸른염색 수용액으로 관찰하였으며, 방출거동은 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)를 이용하여 측정하였다. GS가 5, 10 및 20%가 포접된 PLLA 지지체의 다공도는 80~90%이었으며 평균다공크기 범위는 30~57 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ 그리고 가장 큰 것으로는 150${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$이상의 것도 관찰되었다. 전체적인 다공도의 모양은 다공과 다공사이의 연결이 양호하고 대부분이 열린 셀 구조를 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대조군에 비해 GS의 농도가 증가함에 따라 PLLA 지지체의 다공도가 감소하는 것으로 보아 GS내의 설페이트 부분은 친수성 역할 그리고 겐타마이신 부분은 소수성 역할을 수행하는 계면활성제의 역할에 기인한 것으로 사료된다. PLLA 지지체의 방출거동은 GS의 농도가 증가함에 따라 방출되는 양이 증가하였고, 적심성 또한 향상되어 세포배양시 긍정적 효과를 끼칠 것으로 예상되었다.

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돼지 호흡기질병 병인체의 항균제 감수성 조사 (Antimicrobial susceptibility features of porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens by modified broth dilution method)

  • 송동준;서동균;이춘식;배영찬;김원일;김봉환
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.19-28
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    • 2000
  • There are several main antibacterial susceptibility tests, such as agar dilution method, broth dilution method and disk diffusion technique. Especially, for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, agar dilution method has been widely used. But that method is so complicated and bothering that it's difficult to treat a large amount of strains. On the other hand, modified broth dilution method(add 1% glucose and 0.018% phenol red as a pH indicator to broth) is fast and easy to perform. Most of all, it can visualize the result by color. The MICs of 22 antibiotics Including penicillins, aminoglycosides, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, lincomycin, ceftiofur, vancomycin and quinolones, erythromycin, colistin. sul-fadimethoxine, trimethoprim for arcanobacterium pyogenes 14 strains, actinobacillus pleuropneu-moniae 41 strains and pasteurella multocida 37 strains, which were collected from porcine during 1996 ∼ 1999, were determined by modified broth dilution method. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was highly susceptible to all kinds of quinolones such as ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin and to all aminoglycosides, like gentamicin, apramycin, kanamycin and ampicillin, cephalothin and ceftiofur. But It was quite resistant to solfadimethoxin, colistin and vancomycin. Pasteurella multocida was found to have high susceptibility to ampicillin, cephalothin, chlorampenicol and gentamicin but had mid-degree susceptibility to other aminoglycosides. In addition, it was susceptible to norfloxacin and nalidixic acid, but not to newer fluoroquinolone like ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin and it was resistant to colistin and kanamycin. Arcanobacterium pyogenes was highly susceptible to most of quinolones such as cipoofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin and gentamicin and penicillin G. But it also obtained high resistance against the early quinolone, nalidixic acid and aminoglycosides such as amikacin, apramycin and kanamycin and erythromycin, chlorampenicol, tetracyclin and vancomycin.

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경남지방(慶南地方)에서 발생(發生)한 젖소의 만성(慢性) 유방염(乳房炎)에 대한 연구(硏究) (Studies on Chronic Mastitis of Dairy Cattle in Kyungnam Province)

  • 김봉환;김진구;최상용
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.205-209
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    • 1983
  • Some investigations on chronic mastitis in dairy cattle in Kyungnam Province during the year 1982 were conducted with the special reference to the causative agents and their drug resistance. Milk samples from 46 isolated cases of chronic mastitis cattle were investigated bacteriologically and the organisms recovered were examined for their drug susceptibility against the major antibiotics used in this country by the use of disk diffusion susceptibility test. Four major causative agents involved in chronic mastitis were in order of prevalence Staphylococcus aureus (32.6%), Escherichia coli (28.3%), Streptococcus agalactiae (8.7%) and Candida albicans (8.7%). Staph. epidermidis, Streptococcus uberis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida subtropicalis were found to be one of the minor agents. The majority of staphylococcal isolates were highly resistant to the most of antibiotics employed while 8% of them were resistant to gentamicin and 32% to chloramphenicol. The percentages of staphylococcal cultures resistant to penicillin, lincomycin. streptomycin, methicillin, oleandomycin, tetracycline, cephalothin, ampicillin and erythromycin were 100%, 96%, 96%, 92%, 84%, 84%, 80%, 76%, and 64% respectively. Streptococcal isolates were also highly resistant to the majority of the drugs used although 85.7% of them were susceptible to gentamicin. All Escherichia coli isolates were found to be resistant to erythromycin, lincomycin and penicillin while the majority of them were resistant to ampicillin (92.9%), carbenicillin (85.7%), oleandomycin (85.7%), streptomycin(85.7%), kanamycin (78.6%), methicillin (78.6%) and tetracycline (71.4%). The percentages of E. coli cultures resistant to gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, cephalothin and chloramphenicol were 21.4%, 21.4%, 35.7% and 50.0% respectively.

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