• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2012

KC00256, KC00406, KC00462, KC00463, KC00820, and KC00821, the genetic resources that have previously been reported as moderately resistant to Phytophthora capsici, as well as the line KC01322, a new source of moderate resistance introduced from Laos, were tested against two strains (Pc003 and Pc005) of P. capsici. We also determined the nuclear restorer genotypes of these lines, in regards to their interaction with cytoplasmic male sterility, through crossing the resources with cytoplasmic male sterile Punggok-A (Srfrf) and determining the fertility of the $F_1$ hybrids. The studied lines exhibited a low level of resistance to both the strains of P. capsici compared to highly resistant CM334, but their response was fairly consistent for both P. capsici strains. KC00406, KC00462, KC00463, and KC01322 produced stable, male fertile $F_1$ plants indicating that they are restorers with genotype N(S)RfRf. KC00821 produced male sterile $F_1$ plants and was identified as a maintainer with genotype Nrfrf. The $F_1$ plants of the KC00820 cross, however, set a few male fertile flowers in the greenhouse at seedling stage, then became male sterile after being transplanted to the plastic greenhouse soil in May and remained so to the end of the growing season. Therefore, KC00820 is an unstable maintainer with genotype Nrfrf. The moderate resistance exhibited by these genetic resources may be integrated into breeding programs aimed at promoting higher levels resistance via recurrent selection or hybridization.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.191-197
• /
• 2015

Escherichia (E.) coli is commensal bacteria found in the intestine; however, some pathogenic strains cause diseases in animals and humans. Although E. coli does not typically produce hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), $H_2S$-producing strains of E. coli have been identified worldwide. The relationship between virulence and $H_2S$ production has not yet been determined. Therefore, characteristics of $H_2S$-producing isolates obtained from swine feces were evaluated including antibiotic resistance patterns, virulence gene expression, and genetic relatedness. Rates of antibiotic resistance of the $H_2S$-producing E. coli varied according to antibiotic. Only the EAST1 gene was detected as a virulence gene in five $H_2S$-producing E. coli strains. Genes conferring $H_2S$ production were not transmissible although the sseA gene encoding 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase was detected in all $H_2S$-producing E. coli strains. Sequences of the sseA gene motif CGSVTA around Cys238 were also identical in all $H_2S$- producing E. coli strains. Diverse genetic relatedness among the isolates was observed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. These results suggested that $H_2S$-producing E. coli strains were not derived from a specific clone and $H_2S$ production in E. coli is not associated with virulence genes.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.497-507
• /
• 2015

내병성 포도 신품종을 육성하기 위해서는 병해 저항성인 유전자원을 선발하는 것이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 머스카딘포도와 플로리다 교잡종포도를 대상으로 병원균을 상처접종하여 포도나무 줄기혹병에 대한 저항성을 검정하였다. 3종류의 Agrobacterium vitis 균주를 접종한 포도나무는 품종 간에는 혹의 형성에 차이를 나타내었지만, 병원균의 균주 간에는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 머스카딘포도는 많은 품종이 감수성이었으며, 'Gold Isle'과 'Africa Queen'은 고도의 감수성이었고 'Welder'와 'Jumbo'는 저항성이었다. 플로리다 교잡종포도는 머스카딘포도에 비해 덜 민감하였으며 'Daytona'와 'Stover' 등은 감수성이고, 'Blanc du Bois'는 중도감수성이었다. 본 연구는 머스카딘포도를 대상으로 줄기혹병에 대한 품종저항성을 판별함으로써 아속간 교잡을 통한 줄기혹병 저항성 포도 신품종육성에 중요한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.1101-1108
• /
• 2024

Earlier studies have validated the isolation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Salmonella (ESBL-Sal) strains from food. While poultry is recognized as a reservoir for Salmonella contamination, pertinent data regarding ESBL-Sal remains limited. Consequently, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety has isolated Salmonella spp. from retail meat and evaluated their antibiotic susceptibility and genetic characteristics via whole-genome sequencing. To further elucidate these aspects, this study investigates the prevalence, antibiotic resistance profiles, genomic characteristics, and homology of ESBL-Sal spp. obtained from livestock-derived products in South Korean retail outlets. A total of 653 Salmonella spp. were isolated from 1,876 meat samples, including 509 beef, 503 pork, 555 chicken, and 309 duck samples. The prevalence rates of Salmonella were 0.0%, 1.4%, 17.5%, and 28.2% in the beef, pork, chicken, and duck samples, respectively. ESBL-Sal was exclusively identified in poultry meat, with a prevalence of 1.4% in the chicken samples (8/555) and 0.3% in the duck samples (1/309). All ESBL-Sal strains carried the bla_CTX-M-1 gene and exhibited resistance to ampicillin, ceftiofur, ceftazidime, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. Eight ESBL-Sal isolates were identified as S. Enteritidis with sequence type (ST) 11. The major plasmid replicons of the Enteritidis-ST11 strains were IncFIB(S) and IncFII(S), carrying antimicrobial resistance genes (β-lactam, tetracycline, and aminoglycoside) and 166 virulence factor genes. The results of this study provide valuable insights for the surveillance and monitoring of ESBL-Sal in South Korean food chain.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.220-231
• /
• 2017

Grafting using a pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) rootstock is an effective way to improve cucumber (Cucumis sativus) resistance to a combination of chilling and salinity stresses. We evaluated the tolerance of 15 pumpkin cultivars to chilling, salinity, and combined stresses at the germination and seedling stages. Selected plant characteristics, including germination rate, germination potential, germination index, plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight, and dry weight, were analyzed. We used the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean for cluster analyses to determine the stress tolerance levels of the pumpkin cultivars. The 15 cultivars were divided into three clusters: tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible to stress treatments. The stress tolerances of all cultivars were variable in the germination and seedling stages, and most cultivars were not tolerant to individual treatments of chilling or salinity stresses at both stages. These results suggest that identifying suitable cultivars for use as rootstock during cucumber grafting should involve the evaluation of stress tolerance during different growth stages. Additionally, cultivars tolerant to chilling stress may not be tolerant to salinity stress; therefore, the choice of pumpkin rootstock should depend on where the grafted plant will be grown. Cultivars tolerant to a combination of chilling and salinity stresses may be useful as rootstock for cucumber grafting. Our findings may serve as reference material for choosing appropriate pumpkin rootstocks for cucumber grafting.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.42.1-42.23
• /
• 2023

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, one of the most deadly infections in humans. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mtb strains presents a global challenge. Mtb has shown resistance to many frontline antibiotics, including rifampicin, kanamycin, isoniazid, and capreomycin. The only licensed vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guerin, does not efficiently protect against adult pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to develop new vaccines to prevent infections caused by these strains. We used a subtractive proteomics approach on 23 virulent Mtb strains and identified a conserved membrane protein (MmpL4, NP_214964.1) as both a potential drug target and vaccine candidate. MmpL4 is a non-homologous essential protein in the host and is involved in the pathogen-specific pathway. Furthermore, MmpL4 shows no homology with anti-targets and has limited homology to human gut microflora, potentially reducing the likelihood of adverse effects and cross-reactivity if therapeutics specific to this protein are developed. Subsequently, we constructed a highly soluble, safe, antigenic, and stable multi-subunit vaccine from the MmpL4 protein using immunoinformatics. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the stability of the vaccine-bound Tolllike receptor-4 complex on a nanosecond scale, and immune simulations indicated strong primary and secondary immune responses in the host. Therefore, our study identifies a new target that could expedite the design of effective therapeutics, and the designed vaccine should be validated. Future directions include an extensive molecular interaction analysis, in silico cloning, wet-lab experiments, and evaluation and comparison of the designed candidate as both a DNA vaccine and protein vaccine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제12권7호
• /
• pp.1129-1134
• /
• 1999

The rapid development of the sheep genetic linkage map over the last five years has given us the ability to follow the inheritance of chromosomal regions. Initially this powerful resource was used to find markers linked to monogenic traits but there is now increasing interest in using the genetic linkage map to define the complex of genes that control multigenic production traits. Of particular interest are those production traits that are difficult to measure and select for using classical quantitative genetic approaches. These include resistance to disease where a disease challenge (necessary for selection) poses too much risk to valuable stud animals and meat and carcass qualities which can be measured only after the animal has been slaughtered. The goal for the new millennium will be to fully characterise the genetic basis of multigenic production traits. The genetic linkage map is a vital tool required to achieve this.

• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.29-31
• /
• 2023

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is very rare and shows heterogeneity with impaired genetic components. PHP is characterized by parathyroid hormone resistance to target organ, related with a GNAS (guanine nucleotide-binding protein α-subunit) mutation and epimutation. PHP receptor is coupled with the stimulatory G protein which activates cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation. PHP type 1A is caused by inactivating mutations on the maternal allele of the GNAS whereas paternal allele mutations cause pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. PHP type 1B is caused by abnormal patterns of methylation in differentially methylated region which can be divided into partial or complete. This disease has some difficulties to diagnose according to these different molecular alterations caused by complex genetic and epigenetic defects. According to this different molecular alterations, genetic confirmation must be done to discriminate their etiology.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2017

In major field crops, synthetic herbicides have been used to control weeds worldwide. Globally, herbicide resistance in weeds should be minimized because it is a major limiting factor for food security. Cross resistance can occur with herbicides within the same or in different herbicide families and with the same or different sites of action. Multiple resistance refers to evolved mechanisms of resistance to more than one herbicide (e.g., resistance to both ALS-inhibitors and ACCase-inhibitors) and this resistance was brought about by separate selection processes. Target site resistance could occur from changes at the biochemical site of action of one herbicide. Non target site resistance occurs through mechanisms which reduce the number of herbicide molecules that reach the herbicide target site. There are currently 480 unique cases (species ${\times}$ site of action) of herbicide resistance globally in 252 plant species (145 dicots and 105 monocots). To date, resistance in weeds has been reported to 161 different herbicides, involving 23 of the 26 known herbicide sites of action. Finally, it can be concluded that we can protect crops associated to herbicide resistant weeds by applications of biochemical, genetic and crop control strategies.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 2018

Resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus isolated from paprika (TSWV-Pap) was overcome at high temperatures ($30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) in both accessions of Capsicum annuum S3669 (Hana Seed Company) and C. chinense PI15225 (AVRDC Vegetable Genetic Resources). S3669 and PI15225, which carrying the Tsw gene, were mechanically inoculated with TSWV-Pap, and then maintained in growth chambers at temperatures ranging from $15{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ to $30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ (in $5^{\circ}C$ increments). Seven days post inoculation (dpi), a hypersensitivity reaction (HR) was induced in inoculated leaves of PI152225 and S3669 plants maintained at $25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. Meanwhile, necrotic spots were formed in upper leaves of 33% of PI15225 plants maintained at $30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, while systemic mottle symptoms developed in 50% of S3669 plants inoculated. By 15 dpi, 25% of S3669 plants had recovered from systemic mottling induced at $30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. These results demonstrated that resistance to TSWV-Pap can be overcome at higher temperatures in both C. chinense and C. annuum. This is the first study reporting the determination of temperatures at which TSWV resistance is overcome in a C. annuum genetic resource expressing the Tsw gene. Our results indicated that TSWV resistance shown from pepper plants possess the Tsw gene could be overcome at high temperature. Thus, breeders should conduct evaluation of TSWV resistance in pepper cultivars at higher temperature than $30^{\circ}C$ (constant temperature).