• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.299-303
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• 2013

Anesthesia, which started being used to remove pain during surgery, has become itself one of the major concerns to be considered during surgery. While actual anesthesia is being performed, patients tend to have unpleasant experiences, due to wakening that accompanies pain, or wakening that does not accompany pain. Since this awakening during anesthesia is a most unpleasant experience in a patient's life, evaluating the depth of anesthesia during surgery is essential for patients to avoid this experience. Although there has been much effort on the understanding and measurement of the depth of anesthesia, while various researches were performed on the need of anesthesia, the development of an indicator that could objectively evaluate the depth of anesthesia, other than by using the patient's vital signs, is still inadequate. Therefore, this study was to develop an objective indicator by using EEG and ECG, which are essentially measured during the surgery, to evaluate the depth of anesthesia. The experiment was performed by taking patients who require a relatively short operation time, and general inhalation anesthetics among surgical patients in obstetrics and gynecology as the subjects of experiment, to measure the EEG and ECG signals of patients under anesthetics. The result showed that SEF using EEG and LF, HF using ECG signal and correlation dimension analysis parameter were valuable parameters that could measure the depth of anesthesia, by the stage of anesthesia.

• Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
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• 제71권6호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2018

Background: Cerebral state index (CSI) is an anesthesia depth monitor alternative to bispectral index (BIS). Published comparative studies have used propofol or sevoflurane. However, studies using desflurane have not been reported yet. Different volatile anesthetics have different electroencephalography signatures. The performance of CSI may be different in desflurane anesthesia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare CSI and BIS during desflurane anesthesia. Methods: Thirty-three patients were recruited. Desflurane and remifentanil were used to maintain general anesthesia. BIS and CSI were recorded simultaneously every minute. End-tidal concentration of desflurane was maintained at 4% from the beginning of surgery for 5 minutes. Pairwise data of CSI and BIS were obtained five times at one-minute intervals. This process was repeated in the order of 6%, 8%, and 10%. Results: BIS and CSI were negatively correlated with the end-tidal concentration of desflurane with a similar degree of correlation (correlation coefficient BIS: -0.847, CSI: -0.844). The relationship between CSI and BIS had a good linearity with a slope close to 1 ($R^2=0.905$, slope = 1.01). For the relationship between CSI and BIS at each end-tidal concentration of desflurane, CSI and BIS showed good linearity in 4% and 10% ($R^2=0.559$, 0.540). However, the linearity and slope were decreased in 6% and 8% ($R^2=0.163$, 0.014). Conclusions: CSI showed an equivalent degree of overall performance compared to BIS in desflurane anesthesia. Accounting for previous literature, CSI can be used as a good substitute for BIS regardless of the kind of anesthetics used.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2002

체외수정의 성공률에 있어서 배란되기 직전의 충분히 성숙된 난자를 채취하는 것이 중요하며, 최근에는 질 벽을 통하여 초음파를 이용하는 방법을 많이 사용하고 있다. 난자 채취 시술 시 정맥 마취제를 투여하는데 최근에는 수술회복이 빠르고 오심이나 구토 등의 부작용이 적은 Propofol(2,6-disoprooylphenol)과 Thiopental sodium을 사용한다. 이들 마취제가 마취 투여 시간과 양에 따라 난자의 성숙률과 수정률, 발생률에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 조사하고자 하였다. 돼지에서 추출한 성숙 전 단계의 난자를 마취제인 Propofo1 및 Thiopental sodium의 다양한 농도와 시간에 노출시킨 후 난자 성숙를을 조사하였으며 돼지 정자와 체외수정시킨 후 수정률과 발생률을 관찰하였다. 또한, 수정 단계 없이 단독 발생하는 처녀생식에 대한 영향도 조사하였다. Propofol에 단시간 노출된 난자는 대조군과 큰 차이가 없었으나 고농도에서 장시간 노출 시 성숙률이 현저히 높게 나타났다. 그러나 수정률은 높은 농도에 장시간 노출할 경우 대조군보다 낮아졌는데, 이와 같은 일시적인 난자 성숙은 Propofol이 처녀생식 유발물질이기 때문으로 보여진다. Thiopental sodium은 저농도 단시간 처리 시 난자의 성숙률과 수정률을 모두 감소시켰다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 각 마취제의 최적농도와 투여시간을 결정하여 이러한 영향을 최소화시키는 것이 체외수정의 성공률과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2006

에피네프린을 함유한 국소마취제가 치수혈류량에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고, 이 국소마취가 와동 형성에 의해 야기되는 치수의 혈류변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 전신마취 된 아홉 마리의 고양이 견치에서 1 : 100.000 에피네프린이 함유된 2% 리도카인 용액으로의 국소 침윤마취 전후 및 와동형성 전후의 치수혈류를 laser Doppler flowmetry (Periflux 4001, Perimed Co.. Sweden)를 사용하여 측정하고 paired t-test 로 통계 분석하였다 . 상아질 와동의 형성은 치수혈류의 현저한 증가를 초래하였다 (p < 0.05). 에피네프린을 함유한 리도카인의 침윤마취는 치수혈류를 유의하게 감소시켰다 (p < 0.05). 국소마취 한 치아에서는 마취되지 않은 치아에 비해 와동형성 시 유의하게 적은 치수혈류의 증가를 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 따라서 본 연구에서는 혈관수축제를 포함한 국소마취가 와동 형성에 의해 초래되는 혈류량의 증가를 효과적으로 억제할 수 있음을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2002

본 실험은 각각의 마취방법이 체성감각유발전위 (SEPs) 파형에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 SEP의 측정에 적절한 마취방법을 찾고자 시행하였다. 임상적으로 건강하고 크기와 나이가 비슷한 다섯 마리의 잡종견을 대상으로 SEPs를 측정하고 각각의 측정값을 분석하였다. SEPs측정을 위해 후 경골신경을 자극하였고 요추 5-6번 사이에서 channel 1의 LP1과 LN1, 흉추 11-12사이에서 channel 2의 TP1, TN1을 기록하였다. 실험에 사용한 마취방법 중. Acepromazine + Thiopental Na + Isoflurane, Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane, Diazepam + Xylazine, Xylazine + Ketamine, Acepromazine + Propofol infusion, 및 Propofol infusion등의 방법만이 SEPs측정이 가능하였고, 파형은 명확하였으며, 측정에 요구되어지는 일정 시간인 25분 이상 동안 마취 유지가 가능하였다. 또한 각 마취군에서의 SEPs 파형을 Acepromazine + Thiopental Na + Isoflurane군과 비교해 보았을 때 latency의 경우, Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane군의 ST(stimulating point)-LN1, SP-TP1, Diazepam + Xylazine 군의 Chl-Ch2, Xylazine + Ketamine군의 Chl-Ch2, Acepromazine + Propofol infusion군의 ST-LP1와 Chl-Ch2에서 부분적으로 유의적인 차가 있었다. Conduction velocity의 경우, Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane군의 ST-LN1, Diazepam + Xylazine군의 Chl-Ch2, Xylazine + Ketamine군의 Chl-Ch2, Acepromazine + Propofol infusion군의 ST-LP1, 그리고 Propofol infusion군의 ST-LN1의 측정값에서 유의적인 차가 있었지만 전반적으로는 전체적인 파형의 유의적인 변화는 없었다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 SEPs 측정시 흡입마취로는 Acepromazine + Thiopental + Isoflurane과 Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane, 주사마취로는 Diazepam + Xylazine과 Xylazine + Ketamine, 점적마취로는 Acepromazine + Propofol infusion과 Propofol infusion 방법이 사용 가능한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국임상수의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국임상수의학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.294-294
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• 2009

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.270-274
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• 1993

Massive extradural spread, distinguished from subarachnoid injection that sometimes follows the introduction of small amounts of local anesthetics or narcotics during attempted epidural anesthesia or analgesia, has been attributed to subdural injection. A 64-year-old woman was admitted for partial radical hysterectomy under general anesthesia after insertion of lumbar epidural cathter by loss of resistance technique with 5 ml of air. In this case, we experienced severe respiratory depression and loss of consciousness after administration of 4 mg of morphine for postoperative pain control. We confirmed air shadows at right silvian and suprasella cisterna region by CT scanning. Patients was recovered without sequele after 2 days, As this case resembles a "massive epidural", it is suggested that subdural injection rather than epidural injection may explain the phenomenon.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.247-250
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• 2011

The excess volumes of mixing of benzyl alcohol and halothane in vesicle and in suspensions of several lipids have been determined at $25^{\circ}C$ it using a excess volume dilatometer. The potency of general anesthetics has long been known to correlate with lipid solubility. Denaturations of the vesicle, which is a sole membrane protein in the purple membrane of Halobacteriun Halobium, were studied by absorption changes at 280 nm and fluorescence changes at 330 nm and excess volume dilatometer. The particle size analysis of viscous polymer solutions by diffusional interchange is the key step by measurement. The excess volume of mixing in chitosan was found to be negative, whereas them of purple membrane, Halobacteriun Halobium and red membrane were positive in benzyl alcohol and halothane. This result was confirmed as Miller's supposition.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.161-163
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• 2020

Myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion are widely performed in pediatric patients with chronic otitis media. This procedure is performed under general anesthesia or sedation with local anesthesia infiltration in pediatric patients. In this case report, we report a case of transient facial paralysis in a pediatric patient who underwent myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion using sevoflurane inhalation and four-quadrant blocks with lidocaine.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.235-238
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• 2019

Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by dystonia, cognitive deficits, and an asymmetric akinetic-rigid syndrome. Little information is available regarding anesthetic management for CBD patients. Our patient was a 55-year-old man with CBD complicated by central sleep apnea (CSA). Due to the risk of perioperative breathing instability associated with anesthetic use, a laryngeal mask airway was used during anesthesia with propofol. Spontaneous respiration was stable under general anesthesia. However, respiratory depression occurred following surgery, necessitating insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway. Since no respiratory depression had occurred during maintenance of the airway using the laryngeal mask, we suspected an upper airway obstruction caused by displacement of the tongue due to residual propofol. Residual anesthetics may cause postoperative respiratory depression in patients with CBD. Therefore, continuous postoperative monitoring of $SpO_2$ and preparations to support postoperative ventilation are necessary.