• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2012

Gender specificity in muscle growth and development is well known. Genesis of muscle is dependent on proliferation and differentiation potential of resident myogenic satellite cells (MSCs) present in muscle fibers. Multipotential capacity of forming myocyte, osteocyte, and adipocyte like cell makes MSCs a unique stem cell. To understand the molecular mechanism involved in determination of muscle quality due to difference in hormone concentration of different gender of animals, MSCs were isolated from bovine skeletal muscle and cultured in male, female, and castrated serum supplemented media. DNA microarray used consisted of 24,000 spots with 70 mer oligo in each spot. A total of 88 genes were up-regulated and 551 genes were down-regulated by more than two fold. Among up-regulated gene, 33, 34, and 21 genes were found up-regulated in cells grown in male, female, and castrated serum, respectively. Interestingly, male serum showed 4, female 11 and castrated male showed 4 genes expressed highly in each gender. Further study on the highly up-regulated gene may unfold the mystery of gender specificity found in muscle development. Also, the identification of differentially expressed genes in gender-specific serum will add information on infrastructure of bovine genome research.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2023

Objectives: This study is designed to investigate the difference of gender, triggering factors and Heart rate variability(HRV) between left and right hemifacial spasm patients. Methods: Among hemifacial spasm patients who visited the Acupuncture and Moxibustion medicine clinic of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from January 1, 2017, to April 18, 2022, we reviewed the clinical records of subjects with right hemifacial spasm(n=55) and left hemifacial spasm(n=76). We investigated the difference of gender, triggering factors and HRV between left and right hemifacial spasm patients groups by student's t-test, chi-square test and fisher's exact test using SPSS for windows(version 28.0.0.0.). Results: There was no difference in gender, triggering factors and HRV between left and right hemifacial spasm groups. Conclusion: According to this study, there were few specificity of lesions of left and right in hemifacial spasms.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.80-83
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• 1999

Recently, it has been possible to the alphoid gene, which has X and Y specificity, and determine the sex from human physical evidence using PCR methods. Samples from single sources, PCR method applied to the alphoid gene results in highly sensitive and accurate results even when only 60 pg of the genomic DNA was available for sex determination. Even for samples containing DNA from more than one gender source where the female DNA was present in the amount 10 times than that of the male, sex determination was possible. Therefore, this result suggests that alphoid gene, which has X and Y specificity, could be used effectively for sex determination in case of mixed DNA samples from biological evidence.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.253-263
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze of existing concepts of female entrepreneurship, evaluation of women's entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan and development of recommendations for its development in the country. This paper begins by reviewing research on female entrepreneurship. In this research, authors proposed the methodological tools based on systematic approach using economic and statistic methods and 5Ms concept. Analysis algorithm consists of four stages: evaluation of women entrepreneurship scale and business directions, analysis of employment in women's enterprises and business environment in Kazakhstan. The main limitation of this study was the lack of some gender-related indicators on the development of entrepreneurship. Further, the obtained results showed strong and weak points of female entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. According to the results, there has observed increase in contribution of women in social-economic development of the republic, women's entrepreneurial activity is increasing, and the number of enterprises headed by them is growing. However, the growth of female entrepreneurship occurs while maintaining their insignificance in terms of turnover and number of employees. There is a pronounced industry specificity of female entrepreneurship: the service sector. In accordance with this, there were identified priority areas and there were developed recommendations for the development of female entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2024

Background and Purpose: Each item in the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) questionnaire has differential importance to an individual's life functioning based on gender. However, IADL has mostly been utilized for its total score alone, without gender specificity. We identify the impact of each item on the transition from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD), and determine if the impact of each item differs by gender. Methods: Subjects were aMCI or ADD with a global clinical dementia rating of 0.5 or 1. The sample size was 146 men and 154 women. We used logistic regression analysis to determine the effect of each item of IADL on the transition from aMCI to ADD. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for "remembering recent events" had similar values: 27.2 for men, and 27.7 for women. Gender difference was identified in the item with the highest OR value. For women, the "using transportation" item was 63.3, and for men, "conducting financial affairs" was overwhelmingly high at 89.1. Conclusions: Functional decline on items with relatively higher ORs may indicate higher probability of a transition from aMCI to ADD. The OR of "conducting financial affairs" was relatively higher for both genders. In terms of gender differences, "conducting home repair" for men, and "using transportation" for women, have relatively higher impact. This study demonstrates that during the transition from aMCI to ADD, each item of IADL shows a staggered decline in functioning, and that this decline is gender-specific.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.519-531
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• 2012

This study comprehends the various expressions of Lady Gaga's fashion style based on Craig Owens's Allegory theory. This study analyzed four application elements of Borrow, Site Specificity, Accumulate of Strategy, and Hybridization in addition, it studied all aspects of the aesthetic value of Lady GaGa (an influential popular culture icon). It was classified in the external representation of the fashion style for the aesthetic value. The results are summarized as follows: First, 'Borrow' of the singers of the 80's music and fashion style present from her elders and visual homage to shock artists. It influenced her fans with a difference in viewpoint for a star's fashion that subsequently resulted in a deformation of form, playful kitsch style, and mixed gender. Second, 'Site specificity' presents an extreme make over through an intentional and grotesques fashion style to extend physical territory and defenseless. The results remove stereotypes and reveal deconstructive performances. Third, 'Accumulate of strategy' simultaneously presents voluptuous beauty, futurism, and avant-garde style. This shows the countercultural tendency through the random repetition of fashion images and layerd coordination. Finally, 'Hybridization' presents multiful fashion style through a collaboration with world-famous designers and cosmetic brands. She expressed a diverse and complex fashion style composed of an art form that combines a high-tech cyborg image. The aesthetic values of Lady Gaga' fashion style are 'ambivalence virtuality', 'Transcendental mixed gender', 'plural textuality', and 'unexpected play culture'.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Humpty Dumpty Falls Scale as one of the falls risk assessment tools, and also to evaluate risk factors as predictors of falls in pediatric patient populations. Methods: In a retrospective, case-control design with data from the electronic medical records of 13 pediatric patients who fell and 1,941 who did not fall before matching and 429 who did not fall after matching by gender, age, diagnosis, and length of stay. Results: All the variables showed no significant differences after matching. At the cutoff score of 13, sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values were 92.3%, 37.1%, 99.9%, and 0.01%, respectively. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics was 0.597. The results from the logistic regression showed that the pediatric inpatient population who had higher risk scores was significantly associated with falls. The odds ratios ranged from 1.31 to 4.71 with 90% confidence interval. Conclusion: The saturation impairments criterion as one of the diagnostic parameter was negatively associated with falls, but the relative risk score was higher than the other criteria. Therefore, it seems that the diagnostic parameter seems to be required to verify results through large sample studies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.567-576
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• 2017

Foods are cultural texts. Recipes, cultural peculiarities, and relationships between people. Foods can expand into narratives. This study will compare and analyze the characteristics of the Korean - Japanese visual texts, and . The aim of this study is to examine the between-space and gender, and to examine the universality and specificity of the text of Korean - Japanese image culture. If the movie reproduces the world of reality fictionally from the viewpoint of the between-space, it can be seen that the artistic has differentiation by realistically reproducing the fictional world, but universally creates the hyper reality. Second, in the dimension of gender, both images suggest universality in which the dissolution of sex role becomes paradoxical product. However, has differentiation from the fact that it presents the aspect of gender equality more specifically.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1993

To evaluate the usefulness and differences in diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD) between men and women of intravenous dipyridamole $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI myocardial SPECT, we obtained $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI myocardial SPECT and compared with the findings of coronary angiographies. Ninety eight male and 37 female patients who underwent dipyridamole $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI myocardial imaging within one month of cardiac catheterization were studied. Scans were considered abnormal if perfusion defect was detected and the defect size was more than 12% for left anterior descending artery (LAD) and circumflex (LCX) and 8% for right coronary artery (RCA) territories. Lesions${\geqq}$50% luminal diameter narrowing were considered significant CAD. Overall sensitivity for detection of CAD was 94.3% in men and 96.4% in women; specificity was 70% in men and 52.6% in women (P=not significant, ns). Vessel-matched sensitivity was 75.3% in men and 72.7% in women (P=ns): specificity was 84.6% in men and 67.9% in women (P < 0.025). For individual coronary artery, the sensitivity in men and women was 87.7%, 81.8% for LAD; 78%, 83.3% for RCA and 52.2%, 46.7% for LCX (P=ns): the specificity was 80%, 40% for LAD (P<0.01), 82.5%, 68.4% for RCA, 88.9%, 86.4% for LCX (P=ns). The hemodynamic parameter after intravenous dipyridamole in men and women were significantly changed; the heart rate was increased and systolic, diastolic blood pressure was decreased. Adverse effects were reported in 58.8% of men and 72.7% in women (P=ns). The incidence of chest pain and headache were higher in women. There was no significant difference in the incidences of nausea, abdominal pain, dizziness, facial flushing, dyspnea. In conclusion, dipyridamole $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI myocardial SPECT is a safe, noninvasive test for evaluation of CAD. There was no gender difference to detect CAD, but more false-positive rate in women especially in the territory of LAD.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.294-302
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• 2017

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the agreement between medical history questionnaire data and claims data and to identify the factors that were associated with discrepancies between these data types. Methods: Data from self-reported questionnaires that assessed an individual's history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, stroke, heart disease, and pulmonary tuberculosis were collected from a general health screening database for 2014. Data for these diseases were collected from a healthcare utilization claims database between 2009 and 2014. Overall agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa values were calculated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with discrepancies and was adjusted for age, gender, insurance type, insurance contribution, residential area, and comorbidities. Results: Agreement was highest between questionnaire data and claims data based on primary codes up to 1 year before the completion of self-reported questionnaires and was lowest for claims data based on primary and secondary codes up to 5 years before the completion of self-reported questionnaires. When comparing data based on primary codes up to 1 year before the completion of selfreported questionnaires, the overall agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa values ranged from 93.2 to 98.8%, 26.2 to 84.3%, 95.7 to 99.6%, and 0.09 to 0.78, respectively. Agreement was excellent for hypertension and diabetes, fair to good for stroke and heart disease, and poor for pulmonary tuberculosis and dyslipidemia. Women, younger individuals, and employed individuals were most likely to under-report disease. Conclusions: Detailed patient characteristics that had an impact on information bias were identified through the differing levels of agreement.