• 아동학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.91-112
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• 1991

The impact of gender, sex-role identity and cultural background on self - control behaviors was studied with the use of reports from 410 college students(201 Koreans and 209 Americans), who were administered both the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Missouri Self Control Instrument. Gender, sex - role identity and cultural background significantly affected self - control and satisfaction. Regardless of cultural background, males showed a higher level of self - control and satisfaction than females. Androgenous students from both nations used a higher level of expressed/yielded self - control and more satisfied than the students with other sex - role identities. There were some differences in self - control between the Korean and American students. For the American students, the level of expressed self - control was the critical factor in explaining self - control behavior, whereas the level of yielded self - control was the critical factor for the Korean students. This was explained as a phenomenon of culture - bound relationships. Regardless of sex and sex - role identity, the level of satisfaction of Korean students was significantly lower than that of American students. The present results suggested that Korean students have some sort of conflict between self - control and satisfaction. The conflict can probably be attributed to the recent influx of western culture emphasizing goal - oriented control.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.4361-4369
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• 2014

중년기는 가정과 사회에서 중추적인 역할수행 시기인 동시에 신체, 심리, 사회적으로 많은 변화와 문제를 안고 있는 시기이다. 성역할정체감은 개인의 적응에 영향을 미치는 요소가 되므로, 여러 가지 스트레스 상황에 직면해 있는 중년기 남성 40명을 대상으로 인간의 주관성을 정량적으로 분석할 수 있는 Q방법론을 이용하여 성역할정체감의 유형과 유형별 특성을 확인하였다. 수집된 자료는 QUANL에 의한 주인자분석법으로 처리하였다. 중년기 남성의 성역할정체감은 '온정과묵형', '파워소신형', '온정감성형'의 세 가지 유형으로 확인되었다. 중년기 남성의 성역할정체감은 전통적인 남성상이라고 할 수 있는 과묵함과 소신과 함께, 시대적 변화와 발달 단계적 측면이 반영되어 타인에 대한 배려, 여유 및 감성을 보이는 여성성도 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 특성을 고려하여 중년기 남성 대상자를 이해할 필요가 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.373-383
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• 2002

This study was performed to develope a scale of gender role identity in Korean adults based on the Bem's theory of androgyny. Although there were several tools in Korea, they were revealed having some problems of cultural differences, translation biases, and methodological problems. Methods: A list of 78 items were developed using the existing tools and descriptions from 5 married couples. The items were the typical personality characteristics which were manifested by gender, male or female. And the list contained several items which were the socially desirable personality characteristics. which would be simply used as contextual items. Validity of the 78 items were screened by 18 expert panels with 4 point Likert scale, and 57 items were judged as highly valid from 70% of the experts, which were selected as preliminary items for the tool. Using the preliminary tool which was developed as a 4 point Likert scale, data were collected from 1,127 subjects for item analysis and factor analysis. 53 items were remained, because 4 items whose item-total correlation were lower than 0.2 were excluded by the result of item analysis. Factor analysis was done with the 53 items, and 49 items whose factor loadings were same and higher than 0.4 were remained. 3 factors were identified with eigen value 2.0, and these factors were named as masculinity, femininity, and social desirability. Results and Conclusion: KGRII(Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory) which contained 45 items was developed, with 15 items for 3 factors. The reliability of the tool was very high. Cronbach alpha of the tool was 0.929, and alpha of the subscales were ranged from 0.841 to 0.922.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.731-739
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• 2004

As the life styles have been changed in modern society and sports gave been emphasized for spending spare time and improving health condition, sports are regarded to lave a leading role to fashion as one of the prominent factors. This study is to analyze the gender-identity and how different levels of involvement in In-line skating affects clothing interests. 291 In-line skaters ranged in age from middle twenties to middle thirties were surveyed and measured for this study. MANOVA(multivariate analysis of variance), ANOVA(univariate analysis of variance), Cronbach ${\alpha}$ reliability, t-test, and correlation analysis were performed with SPSS 10.0 program on the selected data. The results of this study are as follow. There were no obvious differences in In-line skating clothing interests by gender of In-line skaters. There were, however, differences in the reasons for In-line skating, the hours to skate per week. Those whose purpose for skating was diet had more interest in style focused on expression. In case of skating for health, they showed interest in activity-functionality style and anti-deviation style. The group of In-line skaters who skated 15 to 18 per week gave more interest in activity-functionality style out of the clothing interest-factors. Those who had strong masculinity in gender-identity of In-line skaters were more involved in In-line skating. There were some differences in clothing interests according to gender-identity of In-line skaters. In regard of In-line skating clothing interest by involvement in In-line skating, those who had higher involvement in In-line skating had higher In-line skating clothing interest.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of appearance management behavior, appearance management motives and body image perception according to males' gender role identities. A set of questionnaire was administered to 398 male consumers. Data were analyzed by utilizing frequency, factor analysis, ANONA, and Crosstabs. The results showed that four groups of male consumers according to the gender role identity were androgyny, unclassified, femininity, and masculinity. The androgyny oriented group showed more active and various appearance management behavior. And they were more conscious of their own body image and rated themselves high in body image perception. The masculinity oriented group were satisfied with their bodies and showed positive attitudes on their body figures and hair care. The femininity oriented group showed positive attitudes on skin care and plastic surgery for social life.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.164-176
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• 2013

The study aims to find differences in clothing image preferences according to gender-roleidentity. The questionnaire developed by the researchers was distributed to 533 men and women who aged between 20 and 59. Fourhundred eight questionnaires were used for the final analysis. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, and Tukey's test using SPSS 18.0/Windows. As results, both male and female participant groups of the study were classified into 4 groups according to their gender-role identity: masculinity, femininity, androgyny, and the undifferentiated. For men, the masculinity group showed a higher preference for flamboyant, sexy, expressive, cold, mature, hard, strong, weighty, heavy, sharp images, while the femininity group showed a stronger preference for flamboyant, bold, luxurious clothing images. The male androgyny group preferred masculine, sexy, cold, mature, hard, strong, weighty, luxurious, heavy, artificial images, whereas the undifferentiated group preferred flamboyant, sexy and mature images. On the other hand, for women, the masculinity group showed a higher preference for luxurious image, while the femininity group showed a stronger preference for sexy, urban, decorative, modern, complicated, luxurious images. The female androgyny group preferred expressive, modern, mature, complicated, and luxurious images, whereas the undifferentiated group preferred bold, decorative, rational, and complicated clothing images.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship among the identity, lifestyle and satisfaction with family resources of rural married persons. The subjects of this study were 435 married women and men in Ansung. The major findings were as follows: 1. The identity of rural married persons was significantly different depending on their gender and educational level. 2. Their lifestyle was significantly different depending on their gender, educational level, job, the type of dwelling, and family income. 3. Their satisfaction with family resources was significantly different depending on their educational level, job, the type of dwelling, and family income. 4. There was positive correlation among their identity, lifestyle and satisfaction with family resources of the rural married persons.

• 아동학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.213-232
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• 2000

This Study investigated the relationships of care-oriented morality to gender and sex role identity in young adults. Care-oriented morality was assessed by the Ethic of Care Interview(ECI) while sex role identity was assessed by the Korean Sex Role Inventory(KSRI) with a sample of 48 men and 42 women between 20 and 35 years of age. The level of care-oriented morality of most of the subjects was Level 2. There was a significant difference between men and women in level of care-oriented morality by both x2 and ANOVA. That is, women averaged and levels 2.5 and 3 while men averaged levels 1 and 1.5. The ANOVA reveled difference in sex role identity types by levels of care-oriented morality on the ANOVA test.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.156-168
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• 1993

This paper has two purpose. The primary purpose is to investigate how the middle ages women of Korea describe their own masculinity femininity and gender role identity. Secondary purpose is to find out how the masculine and the feminine are related to socio demographic feature and physical symptom. The questionaire sheets of 327 use from middle aged woman of 39 years to 59 years old with their last child is more than 10 years old. The summerized results of study are as follows: 1) The overall tendency in gender role identity of middle aged women. the undifferentiated type(36.70%) was the most and have shown the androgynous type(30.58%) by the next. 2) The employed middle aged women inducated higher masculinity than the unemployed middle aged women and felt the lesser physical symptoms conciousness. In case of occupation of husband is higher social status the femininity was higher the others. and in the group has not daughter or shorter marital period the femininity was higher.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2011

본 연구는 317명의 대학생을 군필과 미필, 여성 세 집단으로 분류하여 군복무 경험과 군사 이데올로기가 한국 대학생들의 군대에 대한 태도와 성역할정체감, 그리고 성차별의식에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 군대와 성차별 문제를 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 군복무 경험은 성역할정체감이나 성차별의식을 강화하는데 보편적인 영향을 미치지 않았지만 남성성이 강한 남성에게 군복무 경험은 남성성과 온정적 성차별의식을 강화하는 중요한 요인으로 작용하였다. 둘째, 미필보다는 군필과 여성 집단이 군대에 대한 태도가 긍정적이었다. 셋째, 군복무 경험의 유무와 성차에 관계없이 군대에 대한 태도가 긍정적인 사람이 여성에 대한 온정적 성차별의식이 높았다. 넷째, 세 집단 모두 적대적 성차별주의와 온정적 성차별주의 사이에 뚜렷한 정적 상관을 보였지만 집단 간 상관에 유의한 차는 보이지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 우리 사회의 뿌리 깊은 성차별의식은 군복무 경험을 통해 강화되기도 하지만 군대에 대한 이데올로기와도 관련 되어 있다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.