• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.14-27
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• 2008

This study examined the illustrations in the elementary school textbooks which was followed by identifying the parts that displayed gender-discriminating elements or traditional gender roles. The research results are as follows: 1) The ratio of man and woman in the figures appearing in those illustrations was 1.33:1, which means there were more men than women in the illustrations and that there was no balance in the gender distribution among the figures. 2) Male figures were presented as the protagonists in 39.7% of the illustrations, female figures in 25.5%, and both male and female figures in 34.8%. The results indicate that there were much more illustrations in which men were the protagonists than those in which women were. 3) The occupations of the adults in the illustrations were analyzed. As a result, the ratio of man and woman with a job was about 2:1, which implies that there were twice as many male professionals than female ones. Men had over 60 kinds of occupations and women had only 45 kinds of occupations with 59.5% of them concentrated in four jobs including teaching, farming and fishing, doing artistic works, and selling things. 4) The case analysis results of the illustrations in the textbooks demonstrate that the traditional gender roles of a father and mother were followed and that there were gender stereotypes in describing the characteristics of man and woman. Gender dichotomy was observed in the vocations. Men were the leading players in economic, political, and cultural activities, and most of the historical figures were men. Meanwhile, women were depicted as the subjects of economic activities and completely isolated and alienated from political, historical, and cultural activities. It turned out that the figures of the illustrations in the current elementary school textbooks had gender discriminating elements and profoundly reflected the stereotypes for gender roles.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.135-152
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of protective and risk factors with adolescent delinquency. Using nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) project, the delinquency level and the influence of individual characteristics, dyadic relationships in the family, school and peer variables on adolescent delinquency were examined by gender. Boys and girls differed in delinquency level with boys showing significantly higher delinquency than girls. The relative influence of protective and risk factors in individual, familial, peer, and school contexts differed by gender as well. More diverse variables influenced the delinquency level of girls than that of boys.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.52-71
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• 2020

This study examines the color characteristics of the usage of the color pink in menswear by analyzing its usage status and method. It involves an empirical research method establishing the frame of the study through a document study centered on trend, gender neutral considerations, and the utilization of the color pink in men's fashion, by analyzing the characteristics of color and tone by extracting the pink color shown in menswear collections as well as analyzing and categorizing the fashion image and genderless characteristics. Analyzing the color and tone of the pink color shown indicate that bright, light and pale tones had higher proportions. Pink color can also be said to be utilized as a design element that gives off a younger and more vital color image in menswear. Further, the use of brighter and softer pink colors can be interpreted as reflecting modern society's demands of masculinity to change into a more sophisticated and soft image. To analyze the characteristics of the color pink utilized in gender neutral fashion, fashion images were presented as the analysis standard. An image grouping technique was used to classify pink while utilizing genderless types-fashion style. The result showed that even with the same pink color, the fashion image can vary with different methods of expression in terms of clothes and styling. The results of this study can serve as basic data for planning fashion design concepts as it analyzed pink-using fashion images and the genderless concept type.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of Men's Jacket design in Paul Smith. According to the Change of Gender Image. Following study comprehends gender images and the concept of man's jacket through series of collected data and observes the influence that sociocultural background had upon men's wear. A standard of contemporary men's jacket, the subject of this study, is established based on the review of literature. According to this specific standard, photos of men's jacket were obtained from Paul Smith men collection and from these data the characteristics of men's jacket were analyzed. The method of this following study was to establish a standard of data collection from review of literature and to gather 721 photos of men's jacket from Paul Smith, which consistently appeared in first view korea for 28 seasons from 2001 s/s collection to 2014 f/w collection. Design characteristics of collected data were categorized by shape, color, fabric. This study brought forth following results. Paul Smith's jacket had more X-shape silhouette of feminine image. Color was mostly low chroma of RB series, so that masculine images could be pointed out. Compared to other brands, from 2004 to 2006, more jackets with natural pattern and abstract pattern were widely seen. In terms of fabric, feminine fabrics with glossy and flexible characteristics were used.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to explore children's gender differences in their clothing orientation and clothing Purchase behaviors. For this study, data were collected from 166 fifth and sixth graders attending three elementary schools in Seoul. Questionnaire survey data were analyzed through factor analysis, cross-tabulation, and test. In result, gender differences were found in children's clothing orientation, clothing purchase behaviors, and post-purchase behaviors. Girls were more interested in clothing than were boys, and thus girls used a variety of information sources for clothing shopping, taking an active role during the purchase process, compared to boys. Different characteristics of two gender groups of older children in school age were described. Marketing implications based on findings were provided for practitioners.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2004

본 연구는 버크셔종 돼지의 출하체중과 성별에 따른 도체 및 육질 비교를 위해 실시하였다. 첨단양돈연구소에서 사육한 178-183일령 흑돼지(버어크셔) 72두를 공시하여 출하체중과 성별에 따라 95-104kg, 105-110kg 및 111-120kg으로 분리하여 조사하였다. 경남 김해시 어방동 소재 부경양돈 농협 도축장으로 수송하여 관행적인 방법으로 도축 후 도체 특성을 조사하였으며, 육질시험은 도축하여 24시간 냉각한 다음 등심부위(longissimus dorsi)를 공시하여 조사하였다. 출하체중이111-120kg 돼지가 95-104kg과 105-110kg 돼지보다 도체중과 등지방 두께는 증가하였고, 등급은 출하체중이 105-110kg과 111-120kg인 돼지가 A, B등급에 가까운 좋은 등급을 받았지만, 95-104kg인 돼지는 B, C 등급에다(p＜0.05). 돈육 p $H_{u}$, 육즙손실 및 가열감량은 출하체중과 성별에 따라 유사하였으며, 수퇘지가 암퇘지에 비해 전단력이 높았다.(p＜0.05). 돈육의 육색은 출하체중과 성별에 따라 유사한 경향이었다. 총 육색소 함량은 출하체중이 95-104kg인 암퇘지와 111-120kg인 수퇘지가 다른 출하체중과 성별보다 높았다. 조직특성은 출하체중에 따라 유사한 경향이었고, 미경산 암퇘지가 수퇘지에 비해 탄력성과 파쇄성이 높았다. 이상의 연구에서, 도체특성(도체중과 등지방두께)은 출하 무게와 성별에 따라 영향을 받았고, 암퇘지육은 수퇘지에 비해 전단력값과 조직특성이 향상되었다.다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2001

What characteristics of computer games encourage persistence, engagement, and learning for both girls and boys\ulcorner The purpose in conducting this research was to identify characteristics of computer games that engage all children-girls and boys- in significant mathematical learning. A set of criteria for evaluating gender fair computer games was developed. Much of this research had involved observing children playing computer games in pairs and small groups. Two game softwares were analyzed by way of dialogues that occurred with the games.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.137-153
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• 2019

성 고정관념에서 오는 성별 불평등의 해결을 위해서는 여성과 남성 즉 젠더적 민감성과 더불어 젠더에 대한 올바른 인식이 선행되어야 한다. 이러한 점을 인지하고 개선 및 보안하고자 가정 교과에서는 교과서를 중심으로 한 양성평등에 대한 연구가 꾸준히 진행되어 왔다. 반면 2015 교육과정 개편이 새로이 있었으나 성 평등적 관점에 기초한 교과서 분석은 충분하지 못한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 양성평등 관점에 기반을 두고 기술 가정 교과서를 분석하였다. 본 논문의 목적은 ｢기술·가정｣ 교과서 내 삽화가 학생들에게 균형적인 사회상을 제시한다는 교과서로서의 책임을 다 하고 있는지 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 12개 출판사에서 발행한 검정교과서 ｢기술·가정 1｣과 기술·가정 2｣를 기준으로 총 24권을 분석 대상으로 선정하였고 삽화의 외형적 특징과 내용적 특징을 분석범주로 삼아 진행하였다. 연구결과를 종합해 판단해보자면 우리 교과서가 모든 면에서 성 평등적이라고 평가하기는 어려운 것으로 보인다. 부분적으로는 많은 개선이 있었지만 여전히 특정 성별에 편중되어 성 정형성이 잔재하고 있었으며 개선이 필요한 점으로 보였다. 따라서 학생들이 자발적이며 능동적인 태도를 갖추고 비판의식을 함양한다는 성 평등교육의 목적을 이루기위해서는 여성과 남성이 다양한 분야에서 서로 협력하며 활약하는 균형적인 사회상을 학생들에게 제시하는 것이 필요하다. 이를 위해 교과서 편집 시 성별의 처방적 고정관념이 존재하는 것은 아닌지 주의하고 편견 요소를 축소하여 양성평등 한 교육과정을 실현하기 위한 지속적인 점검 및 검토를 진행하는 방안이 필요함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

이 연구는 성인의 성역할갈등, 양가적 성차별주의, 공격성에 따른 군집 유형을 탐색하고, 군집 유형별로 강간통념수용도에서 차이가 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 대구 및 경상북도 지역에 거주하는 30대 이상 성인남녀 372명을 대상으로 성역할갈등, 양가적 성차별주의, 공격성, 강간통념수용도를 설문조사하였고, 불성실 응답자를 제외한 350명의 자료를 분석하였다. 군집분석 결과, 군집 1인 '비공격적 성고정관념 갈등형', 군집 2인 '적응적 성관념 수용형', 군집 3인 '공격적 성고정관념 순응형' 등 총 3개의 하위군집 유형이 형성되었다. 하위군집 유형별로 성별, 연령, 교육수준의 분포가 다르게 나타났으며, 각 하위군집별로 강간통념수용도에 대한 차이가 있는지에 대해 검증한 결과, 군집 3인 '공격적 성고정관념 순응형' 의 강간통념수용도가 가장 높았고, 군집 1인 '비공격적 성고정관념 갈등형', 군집 2인 '적응적 성관념 수용형' 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 교육 대상자가 어떠한 특성을 나타내는 하위 유형인지를 평가하고, 각 유형별 특성에 초점화하여 성폭력 예방교육프로그램을 개발할 필요성을 제기하고, 후속 연구를 위한 함의를 논의하였다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.21-37
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• 2002

The third sex implying a mismatch between sex and gender has been regarded as an extreme socio-cultural violation. In its earlier version, such a violation was expressed by cross-dressing; Women's cross-dressing was thought to invoke eroticism, while men's cross-dressing was considered comic or delinquent. However, as feminism developed more with the homosexual identity expressed openly, the third sex began to be visual. Thus, in 1990's, some homosexual monies began to develop to be pluralized enough to suggest the third sex and thereby, change the negative sex into a positive one. In this study, such a pluralization is discussed in terms of invisibility, dichotomy and androgyny. The cross-dressing movies show females in male attire or males in female attire to reflect the third sex. The cross-dressing may be divided into men's playful cross-dressing, women's political cross-dressing and homosexuals'cross-dressing or 'drag'. Gender identity is not an attribute fixed by some physical characteristics, but it tends to be changed or expanded by some social factors over time. In short, it may be a flexible, plural, individual and self-introspective attribute. Movies present diverse types of gender identities, and in particular, the movie costumes specify them. In other words, the costumes may be model means expressing the gender identities, and the gender identities shown in the movies tend to be imitated, re-created or assumed by the audience.