• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2021

본 논문은 다수의 오토인코더 모델들을 이용한 잡음에 강인한 이미지 분류 시스템을 제안한다. 딥러닝 기술의 발달로 이미지 분류의 정확도는 점점 높아지고 있다. 하지만 입력 이미지가 잡음에 의해서 오염된 경우에는 이미지 분류 성능이 급격히 저하된다. 이미지에 첨가되는 잡음은 이미지의 생성 및 전송 과정에서 필연적으로 발생할 수밖에 없다. 따라서 실제 환경에서 이미지 분류기가 사용되기 위해서는 잡음에 대한 처리 및 대응이 반드시 필요하다. 한편 오토인코더는 입력값과 출력값이 유사하도록 학습되어지는 인공신경망 모델이다. 입력데이터가 학습데이터와 유사하다면 오토인코더의 출력데이터와 입력데이터 사이의 오차는 작을 것이다. 하지만 입력 데이터가 학습데이터와 유사성이 없다면 오토인코더의 출력데이터와 입력데이터 사이의 오차는 클 것이다. 제안하는 시스템은 오토인코더의 입력데이터와 출력데이터 사이의 관계를 이용한다. 제안하는 시스템의 이미지 분류 절차는 2단계로 구성된다. 1단계에서 분류 가능성이 가장 높은 클래스 2개를 선정하고 이들 클래스의 분류 가능성이 서로 유사하면 2단계에서 추가적인 분류 절차를 거친다. 제안하는 시스템의 성능 분석을 위해 가우시안 잡음으로 오염된 MNIST 데이터셋을 대상으로 분류 정확도를 실험하였다. 실험 결과 잡음 환경에서 제안하는 시스템이 CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) 기반의 분류 기법에 비해 높은 정확도를 나타냄을 확인하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2021

측방제트는 조종면에 비해 즉각적인 유도무기 기동이 가능하지만 자유류를 간섭하여 공력계수에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 공력계수에 대한 측방제트의 영향을 파악하기 위해 측방제트를 공기로 모사한 후 측방제트 유무에 따른 공력계수 차이를 다충실도 모형을 사용하여 살펴본다. 측방제트 유무에 따라 공력계수 예측 모형으로 추정된 공력계수 간 차이를 계산하여 측방제트의 영향을 마하수, 뱅크각, 받음각의 변화에 따라 조사한다. 분석 결과, 종방향 힘 및 모멘트 계수는 비대칭적으로 발달한 측방제트에 큰 영향을 받았으며, 횡방향 힘 및 모멘트 계수는 -30°와 +30° 사이 뱅크각에서 최대로 변동하였다. 이에 반해 축방향 힘 계수는 측방제트에 영향을 받지 않았으며, 축방향 모멘트 계수는 마하수 변화에 대한 표본 부족으로 측방제트의 영향을 판단하기 어려웠다. 종합하면 측방제트가 종방향 및 횡방향 공력계수에 주요한 영향을 주어 유도무기 자세 변화를 일으킨다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.92-111
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• 2021

미세먼지는 질병, 산업·경제에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있어 국민들은 미세먼지에 대해 예민하게 반응하고 있다. 따라서 미세먼지의 발생을 예측할 수 있다면, 미리 대응책을 마련할 수 있어 생활과 경제에 도움이 될 수 있다. 미세먼지의 발생은 기상과 미세먼지 배출원의 밀집 정도에 영향을 받는다. 산업부문은 미세먼지 배출량이 가장 많으며, 그 중에 산단은 공장들이 미세먼지 배출원이 되어 더 많은 미세먼지를 배출하는 문제가 있다. 본 연구는 지방도시에서 노후산업단지가 있는 지역을 선정하여, 미세먼지를 일으키는 요인을 탐색하고, 미세먼지 발생을 예측할 수 있는 예측모형을 개발하고자 한다. 기상 데이터와 미세먼지 관련 데이터를 활용하였고, 다중회귀분석을 통해 미세먼지 발생에 영향을 미치는 변수를 추출하였다. 이를 토대로 머신러닝 회귀학습기 모형으로 학습하여 예측력이 높은 모형을 추출하였고, 검증용 데이터를 이용하여 예측 모형의 성능을 검증하였다. 그 결과, 예측력이 높은 모형은 선형회귀모형, 가우스 과정 회귀모형, 서포트 벡터 머신으로 나타났으며, 훈련용 데이터의 비율과 예측력은 비례하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 예측치와 실측치 차이의 평균치는 크지 않지만, 미세먼지 실측치가 높을 때, 예측력이 다소 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 지자체 데이터 허브를 통해 기상데이터와 관련 도시 빅데이터를 결합함으로써 보다 체계적이고 정밀한 미세먼지 예측 서비스로 개발이 가능할 것이며, 스마트산단의 발전을 촉진하는 계기가 될 것이다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2023

CT 영상의 획득 및 전송 등의 과정에서 발생하는 잡음은 영상의 질을 저하시키는 요소로 작용한다. 따라서 이를 해결하기 위한 잡음제거는 영상처리에서 중요한 전처리 과정이다. 본 논문에서는 딥러닝의 convolutional autoencoder (CAE) 모형에서 기존 컨볼루션 연산 대신 deformable 컨볼루션 연산을 적용한 deformable convolutional autoencoder (DeCAE) 모형을 이용하여 잡음을 제거하고자 한다. 여기서 deformable 컨볼루션 연산은 기존 컨볼루션 연산보다 유연한 영역에서 영상의 특징들을 추출할 수 있다. 제안된 DeCAE 모형은 기존 CAE 모형과 같은 인코더-디코더 구조로 되어있으나 효율적인 잡음제거를 위해 인코더는 deformable 컨볼루션 층으로 구성하고, 디코더는 기존 컨볼루션 층으로 구성하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 DeCAE 모형의 성능 평가를 위해 다양한 잡음, 즉, 가우시안 잡음, 임펄스 잡음 그리고 포아송 잡음에 의해 훼손된 CT 영상을 대상으로 실험하였다. 성능 실험 결과, DeCAE 모형은 전통적인 필터 즉, Mean 필터, Median 필터와 이를 개선한 Bilateral 필터, NL-means 방법 뿐만 아니라 기존의 CAE 모형보다 정성적이고, 정량적인 척도 즉, MAE (Mean Absolute Error), PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) 그리고 SSIM (Structural Similarity Index Measure) 면에서 우수한 결과를 보였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2023

고성능 콘크리트(HPC) 압축강도는 추가적인 시멘트질 재료의 사용으로 인해 예측하기 어렵고, 개선된 예측 모델의 개발이 필수적이다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 배깅과 스태킹을 결합한 앙상블 기법을 사용하여 HPC 압축강도 예측 모델을 개발하는 것이다. 이 논문의 핵심적 기여는 기존 앙상블 기법인 배깅과 스태킹을 통합하여 새로운 앙상블 기법을 제시하고, 단일 기계학습 모델의 문제점을 해결하여 모델 예측 성능을 높이고자 한다. 단일 기계학습법으로 비선형 회귀분석, 서포트 벡터 머신, 인공신경망, 가우시안 프로세스 회귀를 사용하고, 앙상블 기법으로 배깅, 스태킹을 이용하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 제안된 모델이 단일 기계학습 모델, 배깅 및 스태킹 모델보다 높은 정확도를 보였다. 이는 대표적인 4가지 성능 지표 비교를 통해 확인하였고, 제안된 방법의 유효성을 검증하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권1B호
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• pp.95-109
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 LDS 난류응력 모형, Van Rijn의 pick up 함수를 활용하여 일정 경사부에서의 파랑의 이행과 천수, 연이은 쇄파현상, plunging breaker에 후행하는 해저질의 역동적인 부유와 down rush와 후행 파랑에 의한 표사의 재분배를 수치모의 하였다. 이 과정에서 해저질과 소통하는 저면 유체력에 대한 quadratic law를 중심으로 한 기존의 연구 성과들은 정상상태에 기초하여 급속히 가속되고 감속되는 swash 대역의 수리특성을 반영할 수 없다는 결론에 도달하고 이러한 인식에 기초하여 새로운 산출방법이 제시되었다. 새로운 산출방법을 토대로 수치모의하여 비선형 천수과정의 일반적인 특징, 동조 비동조 고차 조화성분으로 전이된 파랑에너지로 인해 상당히 예리하고 왜도된 파형, 파형의 마루로부터 시작되는 물입자 자유낙하, 착수로 인한 커다란 물보라의 형성, 물보라 형성층의 해변으로의 이행, wave finger (Narayanaswamy와 Dalrymple, 2002), swash 대역에서 진행되는 부유사 순환과정, swash 대역에서 처오름으로 인해 부유된 부유사 무리의 off shore 방향으로의 순 이동 등이 비교적 정확히 재현되는 등 상당히 고무적인 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 기존의 Euler 좌표계에서 정의되는 파랑모형과 이동경계 기법의 한계를 뛰어 넘는 것으로 향후 보다 정확한 침식해석이 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.303-313
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• 2014

목적: 자기공명 영상장치(MRI)의 송신 자기장 정보를 이용한 인체 내 도전율을 측정하는 기술이 최근 제안되었다. 송신 자기장 정보의 노이즈에 따른 도전율의 오차를 측정하고 도전율과 노이즈의 관계를 모델화 하였다. 대상과 방법: 송신 자기장의 분포는 원형 모델에 대해서 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션으로 생성된 송신 자기장의 분포에 가우시안 노이즈를 더해준 후 정량적인 도전율 측정에 어떤 영향을 주는지 공명 주파수, 물체의 크기, 송신 자기장의 신호 대 잡음 비에 대해서 수행하였다. 각 각의 변수에 따른 도전율 대 잡음 비를 측정하여 모델화 하였다. 결과: 시뮬레이션 결과 도전율 측정은 송신 주파수의 크기 오차보다 위상 오차에 더 큰 영향을 받는 것을 보였다. 또한, 송신 자기장의 신호 대 잡음 비, 공명 주파수, 도전율 값, 평균필터의 크기에 따라서 도전율 대 잡음비가 비례하는 경향성을 보였다. 하지만, 물체를 둘러싼 외부 물질의 크기는 도전율 측정에 큰 영향을 주지 않았다. 위의 시뮬레이션 결과는 3T 임상용 MRI에서 원형 모델 팬텀에 대해서 검증되었다. 결론: 시뮬레이션을 통해 얻어진 변수와 도전율 측정의 오차와의 관계를 통해서 정량적인 도전율 측정에서 발생되는 오차를 모델화 할 수 있었다. 또한 제시된 분석 방법을 통하여 자기공명 영상 장치를 이용한 도전율 측정의 필터링 및 재구성 알고리즘의 효과를 검증 할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.139-155
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• 2009

For the last few decades, many studies have tried to explore and unveil venture companies' success factors and unique features in order to identify the sources of such companies' competitive advantages over their rivals. Such venture companies have shown tendency to give high returns for investors generally making the best use of information technology. For this reason, many venture companies are keen on attracting avid investors' attention. Investors generally make their investment decisions by carefully examining the evaluation criteria of the alternatives. To them, credit rating information provided by international rating agencies, such as Standard and Poor's, Moody's and Fitch is crucial source as to such pivotal concerns as companies stability, growth, and risk status. But these types of information are generated only for the companies issuing corporate bonds, not venture companies. Therefore, this study proposes a method for evaluating venture businesses by presenting our recent empirical results using financial data of Korean venture companies listed on KOSDAQ in Korea exchange. In addition, this paper used multi-class SVM for the prediction of DEA-based efficiency rating for venture businesses, which was derived from our proposed method. Our approach sheds light on ways to locate efficient companies generating high level of profits. Above all, in determining effective ways to evaluate a venture firm's efficiency, it is important to understand the major contributing factors of such efficiency. Therefore, this paper is constructed on the basis of following two ideas to classify which companies are more efficient venture companies: i) making DEA based multi-class rating for sample companies and ii) developing multi-class SVM-based efficiency prediction model for classifying all companies. First, the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) is a non-parametric multiple input-output efficiency technique that measures the relative efficiency of decision making units(DMUs) using a linear programming based model. It is non-parametric because it requires no assumption on the shape or parameters of the underlying production function. DEA has been already widely applied for evaluating the relative efficiency of DMUs. Recently, a number of DEA based studies have evaluated the efficiency of various types of companies, such as internet companies and venture companies. It has been also applied to corporate credit ratings. In this study we utilized DEA for sorting venture companies by efficiency based ratings. The Support Vector Machine(SVM), on the other hand, is a popular technique for solving data classification problems. In this paper, we employed SVM to classify the efficiency ratings in IT venture companies according to the results of DEA. The SVM method was first developed by Vapnik (1995). As one of many machine learning techniques, SVM is based on a statistical theory. Thus far, the method has shown good performances especially in generalizing capacity in classification tasks, resulting in numerous applications in many areas of business, SVM is basically the algorithm that finds the maximum margin hyperplane, which is the maximum separation between classes. According to this method, support vectors are the closest to the maximum margin hyperplane. If it is impossible to classify, we can use the kernel function. In the case of nonlinear class boundaries, we can transform the inputs into a high-dimensional feature space, This is the original input space and is mapped into a high-dimensional dot-product space. Many studies applied SVM to the prediction of bankruptcy, the forecast a financial time series, and the problem of estimating credit rating, In this study we employed SVM for developing data mining-based efficiency prediction model. We used the Gaussian radial function as a kernel function of SVM. In multi-class SVM, we adopted one-against-one approach between binary classification method and two all-together methods, proposed by Weston and Watkins(1999) and Crammer and Singer(2000), respectively. In this research, we used corporate information of 154 companies listed on KOSDAQ market in Korea exchange. We obtained companies' financial information of 2005 from the KIS(Korea Information Service, Inc.). Using this data, we made multi-class rating with DEA efficiency and built multi-class prediction model based data mining. Among three manners of multi-classification, the hit ratio of the Weston and Watkins method is the best in the test data set. In multi classification problems as efficiency ratings of venture business, it is very useful for investors to know the class with errors, one class difference, when it is difficult to find out the accurate class in the actual market. So we presented accuracy results within 1-class errors, and the Weston and Watkins method showed 85.7% accuracy in our test samples. We conclude that the DEA based multi-class approach in venture business generates more information than the binary classification problem, notwithstanding its efficiency level. We believe this model can help investors in decision making as it provides a reliably tool to evaluate venture companies in the financial domain. For the future research, we perceive the need to enhance such areas as the variable selection process, the parameter selection of kernel function, the generalization, and the sample size of multi-class.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1021-1028
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• 2005

분류 및 회계문제에서의 일반적인 해법은, 현실 세계에서 얻은 정보를 행렬로 사상하거나, 이진정보로 변형하는 등 주어진 데이타의 가공과 이를 이용한 학습에서 찾을 수 있다. 본 논문은 현실세계에 존재하는 순수한 데이타를 근원공간이라 칭하며, 근원 데이타가 커널에 의해 사상된 행렬을 이원공간이라 한다. 근원공간 혹은 이원공간에서의 분류문제는 그 역이 존재하는 문제 즉, 완전해가 존재하는 문제와, 그 역이 존재하지 않거나, 역의 원소 값들이 무한히 커지는 불량조건 흑은 특이조건인 두 가지 형태로 존재한다. 특히, 실제 문제에 있어서 완전 해를 가진 문제이기 보다는 후자에 가까운 형태로 나타나게 된다. 결론적으로 근원데이타나 이원데이타를 이용한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 많은 경우에 완전 해를 갖는 문제로 변형시키는 정규화과정이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 정규화 인수를 찾는 문제를 기존의 GCV, L-Curve, 그리고 이원공간에서의 데이타를 RBF 신경회로망에 적용시킨 커널 학습법에 대한 각각의 성능을 비교실험을 통해 고찰한다. GCV와 L-Curve는 정규화 인수를 찾는 대표적인 방법으로 두 방법 모두 성능면에서 동등하며 문제의 조건에 따라 다소 차이를 보인다. 그러나 이러한 두 방법은 문제해를 구하기 위해서는 정규화 인수를 구한후 문제를 재정의하는 이원적인 문제해결이라는 취약점을 갖는다. 반면, RBF 신경회로망을 이용한 방법은 정규화 인수와 해를 동시에 학습하는 단일화된 방법이 된다. 이때 커널을 이용한 학습법의 성능을 향상하기 위해, 전체학습과 성능의 제한적 비례관계라는 설정아래, 각각의 학습에 따라 능동적으로 변화하는 동적모멘텀의 도입을 제안한다. 동적모멘트는 바이어스 학습을 포함한 방법과 포함하지 않은 방법에 각각 적용분석하였다. 끝으로 제안된 동적모멘텀이 분류문제의 표준인 Iris 데이터, Singular 시스템의 대표적 모델인 가우시안 데이타, 그리고 마지막으로 1차원 이미지 복구문제인 Shaw데이타를 이용한 각각의 실험에서 분류문제와 회계문제 양쪽 모두에 있어 기존의 GCV, L-Curve와 동등하거나 우수한 성능이 있음을 보인다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.