• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1997

The modifying effects of Chelidonium majus L/(Papaeracea)herb extract(CH) ,and analgesic traditionally prescribed for gastric and duodenal ulcer patients, on gastric tumor development given Ν-methyl-Ν'-nitro-Ν-nitrosogyanidine(MNNG) were studied in sixty-four 6 week-old male Wistar rats. Group 1 rats were ini-tially given MNNG(200mg/kg b/w.) by gavage ar days 0 and 14 as well as saturated sodium chloride solution(S-NaCI, 1ml per rat) every 3 days during weeks 0 to 3(6 times) and then placed on basal diet containing 0.1 or 0.2% CH ofr 16 weeks from week 4. Rats of Groups 2 and 3 were treated with MNNG together with S-NaCI or saline(0.9% NaCI, 21ml per rat) respectively, timed as in Group 1 but without further treatment. All survival animals were killed at week 20 and histopathologically investigate. in the glandular stomach, the number of preneoplastic pepsinogen 1 altered pyloric glands(PAPGs) in the MNNG+S-NaCI→CH(0.1%) group(Group 1) was significantly smaller than in the MNNG+S-NaCI group(Group 2)(p<0.02). The inci-dences of forestomach neoplastic lesions (Papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas)also showed a tendency for decrease with the CH treatment. The results thus indicate that C"H exerts inhibitory effects on glandular for decrease with the CH treatment. The results thus indicate that CH exerts inhibitory effects on glandular stomach carcinogenesis in the rat, so that it may have potential as a chemopreventive agent for stomach cancer in man.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the gastroduodenal pathology and Helicobacter pylori infection in children with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: One hundred and seven pediatric patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms were undergone endoscopy at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital from June 1990 to April 1991. Histopathologic examination was done by H & E staining of gastric antral biopsy specimen and gastritis was defined according to the Sydney System. Tissue H. pylori status was evaluated with the urease test using Christensen's urea broth and H & E or Warthin-Starry silver staining of gastric antral biopsy specimen. IgG Immunoblotting were also performed to detect specific anti-H. pylori antibody in these patients. Results: The reasons for endoscopy were recurrent abdominal pain, acute abdominal pain, sallow face, hunger pain, and frequent nausea. Variable degrees of gastric mucosal hyperemia were found in most of the patients. Gastric hemorrhagic spots, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, duodenal erosion, and hemorrhagic duodenitis were rare endoscopic findings. Histologic chronic gastritis was found in 88% of 107 patients. Histologic chronic duodenitis was observed in all 99 patients whose tissue were available. Gastric tissue H. pylori was positive in 57% of 107 patients by one of the ureasetest, H & E staining and Warthin-Starry silver staining. However, gastric tissue H. pylori detection rate was lower in the younger age groups. Anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies were detectable in 96% of 107 patients. Conclusion: Chronic gastroduodenitis and anti-H. pylori IgG antibody were ubiquitous in children with upper gastrointestinal symptoms.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.987-992
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• 2008

This study was carried out to understand the macroscopic aspects of the digestive system symptoms occurring after taking oriental herb complex decoction as observing morphological changes in esophagus, stomach and duodenal bulb by endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract when these symptoms developed. The subjects of this study were 46 patients (male 22, female 24, mean age : $54.72{\pm}14.26$ years) who were chosen among ones who took oriental herb complex decoction for medical care and developed symptoms related to the gastrointestinal tract while taking an oriental herb decoction, which were assumed that the digestive symptoms were newly developed because of administration. The subjects were given morphological examination by endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. As a result of the endoscopy operated due to the digestive symptoms developed during the administration of oriental herb decoction, there were 2 cases of esophagitis, 5 cases of acute gastritis, 1 case of chronic gastritis A type, 15 cases of chronic gastritis B type, 1 case of duodenitis, 1 case of gastric ulcer, 1 case of gastric polyp, 2 cases of intestinal metaplasia, 1 case of gastric ptosis and 17 cases of normal findings which didn't have any abnormality macroscopically with endoscopy. With regards to the patients who complained of the digestive symptoms after taking oriental herb decoction, it has been found that the symptoms occurred as the oriental herbal medicine taken by the patients who had the digestive symptoms at ordinary times influenced on the gastrointestinal tract. Especially, many of them were had chronic gastritis and functional dyspepsia in the past. The disease accompanying macroscopic lesions at endoscopy which occurred due to the oriental herb decoction as direct cause, was acute gastritis, and it was the prescription to cure the pains and inflammations of skeletomuscular disease.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.111-119
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the pattern of regimens prescribed for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease in a regional community hospital. 226 patients were treated as an outpatient and followed for one year. 88 patients $(38.9\%)$ had gastric ulcer (GU) alone, 6 patients $(2.7\%)$ had duodenal ulcer (DV) alone, 5 patients $(2.2\%)$ had gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) alone, 25 patients $(11.1\%)$ had both GU and DU, 88 patients $(38.9\%)$ had both GU and GERD, and 14 patients $(6.2\%)$ had both DU and GERD. During this study period no one was treated for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. The disease showed higher occurrence in male population (139 patients, $61.5\%$) and among the ages of 30 and 40 $(62.4\%)$. The average age of these patients was 41.3 years and there was no difference between the genders. $81.4\%$ of these patients underwent CLO test to check for the existence of Helicobacter and $66.3\%$ of these Patients showed the positive response. $65.6\%$ of patients with GU and $80\%$ of patients with DU showed the positive response and there was no difference between the genders $(65.4\%\;vs.\;67.6\%)$. 184 patients $(81.4\%)$ were deemed to be cured based on the disappearance of their symptoms after completing the regimens. Compliance rate did not differ for gender or different diseases, while showing a difference in age. Patients between the ages of 20 to 30 years old showed the worst compliance rate. In addition, the compliance was lower among the patients who had previous occurrence of the disease, and this was more evident among female patients. Although 184 patients out of the total 226 patients were deemed to be cured, 36 patients $(20.65\%)$ of these returned to the hospital for relapsed diseases within one year. The factors that affected for patients to relapse were the diseases accompanied by ulcer and social environments, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and previous history of the diseases (smoking P<0.001, alcohol consumption P<0.02, previous history of disease P<0.05). The regimen using $H_2$ receptor antagonists+tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate+clarithromycin showed the lower rate of relapse, and the regimens of omeprazole (OMP)+amoxicillin+tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate and OMP+amoxicillin+metronidazole showed better compliance rate. Patient education by pharmacists on the importance of compliance to regimens and the risk factors fer relapse can provide a better patient care. This would ultimately result in more cost-effective treatments by preventing additional cost for treating relapsed symptoms in approximately $20\%$ of patients.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 1997

The gastrointestinal disorders (GI disorders) is one of the most common diseases in Korea. The community pharmacists are often faced with the complaints of symptoms due to the GI disorders. However the drugs used to treat the GI disorders are frequently abused by the patients themselves because these drugs are easily available and have high placebo effects. Therefore, we have reviewed the digestive diseases statistics of 1996 to find out the frequencies of the GI disorders in the outpatients of Samsung Medical Center. Using these statistic data, we figured out the frequently diagnosed GI disorders and analysed commonly used prescriptions from February 1st to 28th of 1997. In addition, we also evaluated the commonly used drugs in these prescriptions. About twenty thousands of patients visited the hopital because of their GI symptoms in 1996. It was found that dyspepsia, viral hepatitis, and gastric and duodenal ulcer disease are frequently diagnosed in these patients. In a point of view on other GI disorders, gastritis and duodenitis, irritable bowel syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, constipation and diarrhea were commonly detected. And a number of drugs were prescribed to treat the GI disorders, which included the prokinetics, Histamine-2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitor, antacids, tranquillizers, antidepressants, antispasmodics, laxatives and so on. Interestingly, there were many prescriptions composing of the antibiotic regimens to eradicate H. pylori which has been proven to cause peptic ulcers.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2007

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is common in korea and high incidence at gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. $^{14}C-urea$ breath test ($^{14}C-UBT$) is regarded as a highly reliable and non-invasive method for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnositc performance of a new and rapid $^{14}C-UBT$, which was equipped with Geiger-Muller counter and compared the results with those obtained by gastroduodenoscopic biopsies (GBx). One hundred sixty-eight patients (M : F = 118 : 50) underwent $^{14}C-UBT$, rapid urease test (CLO test), and GBx. The results of $^{14}C-UBT$ were classified as positive (>50 cpm), borderline (25$^{14}C-UBT$ or CLO test results with GBx as a glod standard. In the assessment of the presence of H. pylori infection, the $^{14}C-UBT$ global performance yielded positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 93.3% and 83.3%, respectively. However, the CLO test had performance yielded positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 76.9%, 50.0%, respectively. In this study $^{14}C-UBT$ is a highly accurate, simple and non-invasive method or the diagnosis of follow up H. pylori infection.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.1 s.45
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• pp.74-83
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• 1994

To investigate the sleeping patterns and gastrointestinal disorders of shift workers, the author studied 434 female workers who worked at textile industry ill Taejon city from September 1,1992 to September 31,1992. Shift pattern were divided into 3 categories ; 3 shift(shifts per 8 hours), 2 shift(day and night shift) and day work. The results obtained were as follows : 1 The average sleeping hours when adjusted for the education level of the total study subjects was 6.1 hours. That of 3 shift workers was 6.1 hours, 2 shift workers was 6.0 hours, but that of day workers was 6.5 hours. There were no significant difference among the shift workers. 2. For the 3 shift workers, the average physiologic adjusted duration in day shift (2.2 days) was shorter than that of night shift(2.7 days) and there were significant difference among the rotating shift works (p<0.001). The sleeping problems in day shift was less than those of night shift (p<0.001). 3. 44.9% of 3 shift workers, 39.3% of 2 shift workers and 33.1% of day workers complained gastrointestinal symptoms when adjusted for the age, education level, job tenure, work post. And the rates of gastrointestinal symptoms complained increase with job tenures (p<0.001). 4. The most frequent gastrointestinal diseases were gastitis and gastric ulcer with 14.2% , Irritable bowel syndrome with 3.1 %, duodenitis and duodenal ulcer with 2.1% and combined gastrointestinal disease with 2.1%. Age, eating habit, amount of coffee per day, job tenure, work post and shift pattern showed no significant difference with the gastrointestinal diseases when adjusted for the age. According to the above results, the author suggested that the shift pattern and job tenure can affect to the sleeping problem and gastrointestinal symptoms.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.572-575
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was performed to analyze the endoscopic findings in Henoch-Schonlein purpura patients, and to compare the differences in endoscopic findings according to age and gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods : We examined children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura aged 3 to 15 years between September 1996 and October 2002. The total number studied was 65, consisting of 41 boys and 24 girls. Endoscopy was performed and the results were analysed. Results : Among 65 cases, 12 cases of duodenitis, nine cases of gastritis and duodenitis, six cases of duodenal erosion, five cases of gastritis, five cases of duodenal ulcer, two cases of gastric ulcer and one case of colonic erosion were noted. Endoscopic abnormality was found in 38 of 53 who had gastrointestinal symptoms, and in two of 12 who didn't have gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion : Most of the gastrointestinal symptoms in Henoch-Schonlein purpura patients were relieved without complication. But in some cases severe symptoms such as hematemesis, melena, and abdominal pain localized to epigastric area were developed when diagnosis was delayed. Prompt endoscopy will be helpful for diagnosis and therapy of Henoch-Schonlein purpura with gastrointestinal involvement.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.9027-9031
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• 2014

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is an established cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to identify H. pylori genotypes and to examine their associations with geographical regions and gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer in Laos. Materials and Methods: A total of 329 Lao dyspeptic patients who underwent gastroscopy at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos during December 2010 - March 2012 were enrolled. Two biopsy specimens (one each from the antrum and corpus) were obtained for CLO testing and only CLO test-positive gastric tissue were used to extract DNA. PCR and sequencing were identified for variants of the cagA and vacA genotypes. Results: Some 119 Laos patients (36.2%) were found to be infected with H. pylori including 83 with gastritis, 13 with gastric ulcers (GU), 20 with duodenal ulcers (DU) and 3 with gastric cancer. cagA was detected in 99.2%. East-Asian-type cagA (62%) and vacA s1c (64.7%) were predominant genotypes in Laos. vacA s1c-m1b was significantly higher in GU than gastritis (53.8% vs. 24.1%; P-value=0.04) whereas vacA s1a-m2 was significantly higher in DU than gastritis (40.0% vs. 16.9%; P-value=0.03). East-Asian-type cagA and vacA s1c were significantly higher in highland than lowland Lao (100% vs. 55.8%; P-value=0.001 and 88.2% vs. 61.5%, P-value=0.03 respectively). Conclusions: H. pylori is a common infection in Laos, as in other countries in Southeast Asia. The cagA gene was demonstrated in nearly all Laos patients, cagA and vacA genotypes being possible important factors in explaining H. pylori infection and disease outcomes in Laos.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 1998

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium which causes chronic gastritis and is associated with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and gastric carcinoma. In the process of screening of antibacterial activities against H. pylori from soil microorganisms, fungus No. 60686 was isolated. After fermentation of No.60686, the antibacterial compound was isolated, purified and followed by extraction of mycelium with organic solvents, acetone and ethyl acetate, through silica gel chromatography, LH-20 gel chromatography and HPLC. As a result of the structural analyses of the compound by IR, $^1$H- and $^{13}$C-NMR, FAB/Mass spectrophotometer, the compound having the antimicrobial activity was identified as chaetoglobosin A ($C_{32}H_{36}N_2O_5$), a cytochalasan derivative. The antimicrobial activity of chaetoglobosin A was tested against Gram-positive and negative bacteria by paper disk method. Among the test strains of 9 Gram-positive bacteria and 18 Gram-negative bacteria containing 4 H. pylori strains, the growth of 4 H. pylori strains and 3 S. aureus strains (SG 511, 285 and 503) was only inhibited by chaetoglobosin A. Also it was shown that its growth inhibition against H. pylori strains was stronger than that against S. aureus strains at the treatment of the same concentration. Therefore it was concluded that chaetoglobosin A has a specific growth inhibition against H. pylori of the tested bacteria.