• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.299-312
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• 2020

The aim of this paper was to investigating the effects of soil relative density, construction materials roughness, oil type (gasoil, crude oil, and used motor oil), and oil content on the internal and interface shear behavior of sand with different construction materials by means of a modified large direct shear test apparatus. Tests conducted on the soil-soil (S-S), soil-rough concrete (S-RC), soil-smooth concrete (S-SC), and soil-steel (S-ST) interfaces and results showed that the shear strength of S-S interface is always higher than the soil-material interfaces. Internal and interface friction angles of sand beds increased by increase in relative density and decreased by increasing oil content. The oil properties (especially viscosity) played a major role in interface friction behavior. Despite the friction angles of contaminated sands with viscous fluids drastically decreased, it compensated by the apparent cohesion and adhesion developed between the soil grains and construction materials.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.381-418
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• 2008

This study revisits the meaning of energy security by examining the oil market supply and demand conditions of petroleum products and refinery capacity of three Northeast Asian countries(Korea, China, Japan). In 2006, 10.6 million bid of excess demand occurred and is expected to be 15~22 million bid by the year 2030 in this regional oil market. Different oil demand is caused mainly by the different demands for various petroleum products based on each country's economic structures. If the demands are ranked according to their petroleum products, Chinese case shows gasoil > gasoline > fuel oil> LPG > naphtha > Kero/jet and Japanese case shows gasoil > gasoline> naphtha> Kero/jet > fuel oil > LPG, while Korean case shows naphtha> gas oil > fuel oil > LPG > Kero/jet > gasoline, respectively. Total CDU(Crude Distillation Unit) capacity of three northeast asian countries also have been examined in this respect. This study points out the importance of the information on oil demand and supply, on petroleum products and refinery capacities of the three Northeast Asian countries to enhance the security of the oil market in this region.