• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 1991

곡물 빈에서 벼 건조시 외기 온도에 따른 연료 자동 조절 및 배출공기의 재순환이 에너지 소비, 건조비용 및 건조 시간에 미치는 효과를 분석하기 위해 슬램 II(SLAM II : Simulation Language for Alternative Modeing II)를 이용한 시뮬레이션 모텔을 개발하였다. 따라서 약 64톤의 벼를 연료 자동조절 버너를 갖춘 곡물빈에서 열풍 건조할 때, 절약 가능한 에너지 양과 공기 재순환의 효과를 시뮬레이션을 통해 분석하였으며 이를 실제의 자료와 비교하여 이 모델을 검증하였다. 시뮬레이션에 의한 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 배출공기를 재순환 시키지 않는 상태에서 자동 연료조절 버너를 사용할 경우 관행 버너를 이용한 빈 시스템에 비해, 루이지애나 주에서 8월에 25%의 에너지를 절약할 수 있으며 12월에는 8%의 에너지를 절약할 수 있다. 실제의 건조 실험에서는 8월에 약 30%의 에너지를 절감할 수 있었다. 2. 자동 연료조절 버너를 갖춘 빈 시스템에서 제습을 하지 않은 배출 공기의 재순환은 건조 에너지 소비량과 건조 시간을 증가시켰으며 연료 자동조절 장치의 에너지 절약 효과를 감소시켰다. 따라서 배출 공기를 재순환하여 에너지를 절감하고자 할 때에는 반드시 배출 공기를 제습시켜 습도를 재조절 해야만 했다. 또한 제습된 공기의 재순환 효과는 여름보다 겨울에 더 컸다. 3. 연료 자동조절 버너를 갖춘 빈 시스템에서 벼를 건조할 경우 루이지애나 주, 8월에 물벼의 톤당 건조 비용은 $2.13이었으며 관행 버너를 갖춘 시스템에서는 $2.69이었다. 실험에 의한 실제 건조비용은 자동화 시스템에서 $2.17이었고 관행 시스템에서는 $2.62이었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2008

Oxy-fuel flame has a significantly different structure from that of air-fuel flame because of its high temperature. This study is aimed to find out the difference of the oxy-fuel flame structure in order to understand reaction mechanism closely, which is crucial to design real-scale oxy-fuel combustion system. By examining pictures of counterflow flame and LIF images, we found that oxy-fuel flame had two-zone structure: fuel decomposition region and distributed CO oxidation region. In the oxy-fuel flame, OH radical was distributed intensely through the whole flame due to its higher flame temperature than crossover temperature. For showing those features of the oxy-fuel flame, 1 MW scale IFRF oxy-natural gas burner was simulated by conditional moment closure(CMC) model. Calculation results were compared with experimental data, and showed agreements in trend. In the simulated distributions of fuel decomposition/CO oxidation rates, CO oxidation region was also separated from fuel decomposition zone considerably, which showed the two-zone structure in the oxy-fuel flame.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.157-166
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• 2009

The pulverized coal combustion behavior in the coal fired utility boiler has been investigated with the CFD and process analysis techniques. The used commercial software were CFX and PROATES, and these were coupled each other to get more reliable boundary condition set-up, resulting in more reliable solution. For two cases which were the actual operation condition of A power plant, the calculated values from the coupled CFD and process analysis for thermal energy system were compared with the plant data, and the good agreements were obtained for Case 1 and 2. The calculated temperature distributions on the surface of heat exchangers were compared with the plant data for the steam temperatures across heat exchangers, and these explained the actual operating situation very well. The temperature deviation across the final superheater tube, which was believed to be the main cause of the frequent tube failure, were also explained very well with the calculated distributions of gas temperature and radiation on the plane of the final superheater.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.35-40
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• 2016

In this study, the thermal and fluid dynamic characteristics for the coating process of large-sized water pipes was studied by heating the inside of a pipe directly with a gas burner. Heat and flow analyses were performed on large pipes with various inlet shapes. Using large pipes for coating was shown to be the proper shape for heating large pipes uniformly. This type has a screw with a diameter of 200 mm installed at the inlet to provide a rotational motion to the heating air. The rotational motion resulted in a uniform temperature distribution that ranged from $289.1^{\circ}C$ to $352.1^{\circ}C$ The optimized geometric configuration of the inlet of the pipe successfully and uniformly enhanced the thermal characteristics of the devised temperature limit.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.149-154
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• 2001

The emission characteristics, flame stability, the composition of the flame zone and temperature profile were studied experimentally. The compositions of oxydant were varied by substituting $N_2$ with $CO_2$ at the constant $O_2$ concentration. Results showed that flame became unstable due to the high heat capacity, low transport rate and strong radiation effect of $CO_2$ in comparison with those of $N_2$. The reaction zone was cooled, broadened, as the conversion ratio of $CO_2$ to $N_2$ was increased. Temperature has a large effect on the NOx emission. The concentration of NOx in flue gas decreased due to the decreased temperature of reaction zone. It was also shown that the reaction was delayed by the cooling effect. As the conversion ratio of $CO_2$ to $N_2$ was increased, the emission of CO and the higher temperature zone increased due to the decrease of reaction rate by the cooling effect.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.266-271
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• 2009

The present study numerically investigated the effect of the geometry of the flattened tube on the thermal performance of a high temperature generator (HTG) of a double effect LiBr-water absorption system. The heat transfer tubes of the HTG were arranged behind a metal fiber burner. The heat transfer of the tubes of HTG were consisted with a set of circular and flattened tubes in series. FLUENT, as a commercial code, was applied for estimating the thermal performance of the HTG. Key parameters were the tube arrangement in the HTG. Temperature and velocity profiles in the HTG were calculated to estimate the thermal performance of the HTG. The heat transfer rate of a HTG tube was increased, and the gas temperature around the flattened tube was decreased as the pitch ratio was increased. The heat transfer rate for the circular tube bundle with the pitch ratio of 2.48 were larger by 10% respectively than that of 2.10 and the heat transfer rate for the flattened tube bundle with the pitch ratio of 1.88 were larger by 36% respectively than that of 1.63.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.40-49
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• 2009

A large-scale fire test was conducted for interior materials from a vehicle installed within a fire test room (ISO 9705). The interior materials are satisfying the Korean guideline for the safety of rail vehicles, where the guideline has taken effect since December 2004 in Korea. The output of ignition source (gas burner) was increased in several controlled steps. The objectives of this test are to assess the fire performance in terms of ignition and flame spread on interior lining materials and to provide data on an enclosure fires involving train interior materials that grow to flashover. These data will be used to develop and calibrate models for fire growth on the interiors of the railway vehicle.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.453-458
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• 2000

The paper describes a study of the variation of the NO production emitted from turbulent propane flames established on a practical combustor where a primary and a secondary fuel lines are installed. The flowrate of the secondary fuel is pulsated or added in addition to that of the primary fuel which constrantly flows to the nozzle of the burner. Two modes depending on the positions of supplying the secondary fuel are performed; one is for its position to be placed at the center of the primary fuel tube and the other around the stabilization baffle. The mean concentrations of gas species, $O_2,\;Co\;CO_2,\;NO$, and HC(unburnt hydrocarbones) have been measured at the exit of the combustor. As equivalence ration $({\Phi})$ is increased the profile of the NO concentration on the latter mode rises slowly less than that on the former one. In the range of ${\Phi}=0.5$ to 0.54 the NO production is reduced by about 35% more on the latter mode than on the former one. The influence of pulsating the secondary fuel on the variation of the NO concentration doesn't appear at both modes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.3 s.258
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• pp.292-299
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• 2007

In gas turbine technology, the flame stability is inherently greater in conventional diffusion type combustion over a wider range fuel to oxidizer ratio. However, premixed type combustion which has narrow flame stability region, is widely used due to environmental reason. It has been observed in experiments that combustion instability of low frequency (${\sim}10Hz$) results from the modulation of equivalence ratio at fuel injection hole when a pressure fluctuation propagates upwards along the channel of the burner under an unchoked fuel flow condition. In this study, a commercial program was used to determine how the fuel flow rate changed with respect to the pressure, velocity of the fuel flow and the mass fraction in a choked and an unchoked condition. The calculation focuses on the upstream of the dump plane to know how the forced pressure with the fuel injection conditions affects the modulation of the equivalence ratio. Therefore, it is found that pressure fluctuation leads to oscillation of mass flow rate and then results in equivalence ratio modulation under the unchoked fuel flow condition.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.111-115
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• 2002

Suddenly increasing numbers of automobiles result in making worse air pollution problems. In particular, the emissions from automobiles affect badly on atmosphere. Nowadays, research on catalyst converter and filter trap as a modem technology is very active because PM is designated as a major cancer material and stringent regulations on this are necessary and required. The ceramic filter is very efficient in reducing particular materials up to 80-90% and is evaluated as a very efficient after-treatment technology. However, it comes with decreased engine performance due to increased back-pressure occurred by thermal crack. In order to solve these problems, several methods are proposed such as fuel additive, electric heater and burner types. This experimental study has been conducted with equipped and unequipped a ceramic filter on a displacement 11,000cc diesel engine and compared in terms of engine performance and emission. To measure the emission, D-13 mode is applied and measured quantities of the exhaust gases, particularly in CO, HC, PM, and NOx. Therefore, this research is focused on the basic mechanism and characteristics on harmful materials generated by ceramic filter.