• 치위생과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of salad dressings on the flowable composite resin surface and the erosion-inhibitory effect of calcium. Methods: The experiment included six groups: oriental dressing, balsamic dressing, lemon-garlic dressing, lemon-garlic dressing supplemented with 3% calcium, mineral water as a negative control group, and orange juice as a positive control group. pH and titratable acidity were measured. The prepared specimens were immersed in the experimental solutions for 1, 3, 5, 15, and 30 minutes. The surface microhardness was measured using the Vickers hardness number before and after the treatment, and the surface of the specimens was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: The pH values of the experimental groups in increasing order were as follows: lemon-garlic dressing (2.49±0.03), balsamic dressing (3.12±0.06), lemon-garlic dressing +3% calcium (3.27±0.09), oriental dressing (3.75±0.03), orange juice (3.82±0.02), and mineral water (7.32±0.16). The largest surface hardness reduction value was shown in lemon-garlic dressing (-9.61±1.16), followed by balsamic dressing (-9.17±1.63), oriental dressing (-8.62±1.09), orange juice (-8.19±1.36), lemon-garlic dressing +3% calcium (-6.76±1.23), and mineral water (-1.63±2.47). According to the SEM findings, the experimental and positive control groups showed rough surfaces and micropores, whereas the negative control group showed a smooth surface. Moreover, the lemon-garlic dressing with +3% calcium showed fewer micropores and a smoother surface than the lemon-garlic dressing. Conclusion: The intake of salad dressings at a low pH could weaken the surface microhardness of the flowable composite resin. However, adding calcium to these salad dressings can reduce the risk of microhardness reduction on the flowable composite resin surface.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.197-203
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• 1985

It was attempted to observe the effect of garlic on the hepatic glutathione s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activity in this study. Glutathione s-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) are thought to play a physiological role in initiating the detoxication of potential alkylating agents, inclnding pharmacologically active compounds. Glutathione peroxidase (EC 1. 11. 1. 9) might play an important role in the protection of cellular structures against oxidative challenge. The activities of glutathione s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase in rat liver were increased by the treatment of garlic juice. Allicin fraction, heat-treated allicin fraction and garlic butanol fraction markedly inhibited glutathione s-transferase activity in vitro, whereas glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly increased in heat-treated allicin fraction and garlic butanol fraction.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2003

Effects of kimchi and its ingredients, vitamin C and $\beta$-sitosterol on the growth of Helicobacter pylori were investigated. Three kimchi variations were studied: a standard recipe (kimchi I) and two functional variations for cancer prevention and treatment made with organically grown ingredients (kimch II and III). Methanol extracts and juices from kimchi I and III did not inhibit the growth of H. pylori. However, 10 mm and 12 mm inhibition zones were formed by methanol extract and juice from kimchi II, which had higher concentrations of red pepper powder (RPP) than those of kimchi I and III. Among the major kimchi ingredients, methanol extracts of RPP, garlic and ginger substantially inhibited the growth of H. pylori. The maximal inhibition zone (30 mm) was attained with garlic treatment. Inhibitory effects of the RPP, garlic and the sub-ingredient mixture (prepared with radish, garlic, RPP, ginger, green onion, sugar and fermented anchovy juice) on H. pylori were decreased by lactic acid bacteria fermentation. Neither the fermented garlic nor the fermented sub-ingredient mixture inhibited the growth of H. pylori. But, the inhibition Bone of fermented RPP was 12 mm, which was less than the 16 mm inhibition zone formed by the non-fermented RPP. Vitamin C and $\beta$-sitosterol which are known to be functional active compounds of kimchi also showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of H. pylori after 3 days of incubation. Further study is needed to determine why the inhibitory effect is removed or decreased by lactic acid fermentation, and to determine if fresh kimchi and lactic acid bacteria of kimchi can inhibit the growth of H. pylori.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.511-515
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• 2006

Antibiotic resistance of foodborne pathogens adapted to garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) was determined in order to understand the relationship between antibiotic resistance and garlic. The Gram (-) strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium and the Gram (+) strains of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus were subcultured consecutively in a garlic broth, and the surviving colonies on the agar were selected as the adapted strains. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for 15 antibiotics on the adapted strains were determined on Muller-Hinton Infusion agar. Adaptation to 1.3%(v/v) garlic juice increased MIC for vancomycin, aminoglycoside, and erythromycin on B. cereus, and for ampicillin and erythromycin on E. coli O157:H7. MIC of aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and vancomycin on the adapted S. aureus increased. The adapted S. typhimurium was more resistant to penicillin and vancomycin than the non-treated strain. The adapted S. typhimurium and S. aureus lost their antibiotic resistance in non-garlic stress conditions. However, the adapted B. cereus was still resistant to erythromycin and vancomycin, and the adapted E. coli was also resistant to erythromycin. Antibacterial garlic might increase the antibiotic resistance of E. coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium and this resistance can continue even without the stress of garlic. Therefore, garlic as a food seasoning could influence the resistance of such pathogens to these antibiotics temporarily or permanently.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.200-202
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• 1999

The effectsof garlic vinegar supplementation on body weight, blood blucose, and plasma triglyceride and cholesterol were investigated in streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats fed high-cholesterol(1%) diet for 4 wk. The garlic vinegar was made by fermenting 20% frsh garlic juice. There was no effect of garlic vinegar on body weight, plasma glucose or triglyceride concentrations in the diabetic rats. Plasma total -cholesterol concentrations were unaffected by garlic vinegarr supplementation. However, plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations and atherogenic index were significantly lower in the diabetic rats supplemented with garlic vinegar diet than tin the cotnrol rats. The diabetic-rats supplemented with garlic vinegar not only had increased HDL-cholesterol levels but had decreased LDL-cholesterol. This alteration in the HDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio in the diabetic rats may decrease the risk of atheroscelrosis. Therefore, the over-all effect of garlic vinegar supplement may contribute to the antiatherogenic role in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.342-350
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• 2005

마늘의 납중독 해독 효과를 조사하기 위해 젊은 흰쥐를 사육한 4주간 실험에서 초산납 용액을 주 1회 투여(총 Pb 100㎎/㎏)와 함께 생마늘 즙을 사료 섭취량의 1%, 2%, 3%수준으로 매일 투여한 실험군들의 체중 증가율이 납 단독 투여군보다 유의적으로 증가하고 그중 마늘 즙 2% 투여군이 가장 높은 9.8%의 순(net) 체중 증가를 보였으나 대조군보다는 낮은 수준이었다. 납 용액과 함께 마늘 즙을 투여한 실험군들에서 요와 변을 통한 납 배설량이 납 단독 투여군의 납 배설량보다 유의적, 용량 의존적으로 증가되었고 그 중 마늘 3%군이 가장 높은 9.59%의 납 배설율 순(net) 증가를 보였다. 납 용액과 함께 마늘 즙을 투여한 실험군들의 Hb함량, Hct값, RBC count, MCV값, δ-ALAD활성이 납 단독 투여군보다 유의적으로 증가되었고 그 중 마늘 즙 2%와 3%군의 값들이 거의 같은 수준으로 현저히 증가되었다. 납 단독 투여군과 비교한 납용액과 함께 마늘 즙을 투여한 실험군들의 ALT활성과 BUN 및 CR값은 유의적으로 감소되었고 그 중 마늘 즙 2%투여군의 값들이 마늘 즙 1% 및 3% 투여군의 값과 유의차를 가지고 현저히 가장 낮았다. 그 결과 사료의 2%-3%수준의 마늘 즙 투여가 납중독 흰쥐에서 납 배설 촉진으로 분명한 해독효과를 보였지 만 마늘을 다량 투여한 3% 투여군에서는 신장과 간장에 약간의 부담을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 1991

배추김치의 부재료로서 고추, 마늘, 생강, 파, 부추, 멸치젓, 설탕 등이 starter로 숙성시킨 김치의 산맛, 단만, 쓴맛, 매운맛, 감칠맛, 덜 익은 맛, 불쾌한 맛, 사각사각한 맛, 종합적인 맛, 새콤한 내, 풋내, 비린내, 마늘내, 군덕내, 색상 등 관능적인 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과 부재료 개별적으로는 균형된 조화미가 나타나지 않았으나 상호혼합처리함으로써 맛의 상호보완이 되었다. 파와 부추는 강한 마늘내를 조화시켰으며 멸치젓은 감칠맛을 부여하였고 설탕은 종합적인 맛을 향상시켰다. 또 설탕을 제외한 고추, 생강, 마늘, 파, 멸치젓 등은 다같이 산미를 감소시키는 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1992

To study effects of wild garlic on components of lipid and protein, blood glucose level, and cholinesterase activity in rat's serum, Sprague-Dawley strain of 40 male rats are divided into 5 groups which are Normal, Control, A, B, and C group. Normal group is fed only Basal diet, and Control group is fed Basal diet and 0.5ml/day of 2.5% cholesterol solution, In addition to a diet of control group, A group is fed 25% wild garlic flour, B group 0.5ml/2day of concentratded wild garlic juice, C group 0.5ml/2day of concentrated ethanol extract of wild garlic, After 8 weesk the rats were fasted for 12 hours, and then decapitated to collect blood. The results of analysis of the rat's serum were summarized as follows, 1. Wild garlic diet, specially ethanol extract has an influence on decreasing the level of total cholesterol and blood glucose in rat's serum, 2. HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid content of rat's serum are increased by wild garlic diet. Therefore I think that wild garlic is good food for preventing development of atherosclerosis and diabetes.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.123-126
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• 1999

마늘즙, 마늘즙 에탄올 추출물, 마늘즙 에틸에테르 추출물, 양파즙, 양파즙 에탄올 추출물, 마늘즙+메리트청(靑) 혼용, 마늘즙 에탄올 추출물+메리트청(靑) 혼용, 양파즙+메리트청(靑) 혼용, 양파즙 에탄올 추출물+메리트청(靑) 혼용 및 메리트청(靑) 처리가 하우스 재배 대봉 포도의 휴면타파, 개화 및 성숙에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 메리트청(靑) 단용 및 다른 처리와의 혼용 처리구가 무처리에 비해 발아기가 빨랐는데, 2회 처리가 1회 처리보다 발아촉진 효과가 더 컸다. 조기가온에서는 거의 모든 처리구에서 100% 발아하였으나 후기가온에서는 메리트청(靑) 처리구를 제외하고는 발아율이 현저히 낮았다. 개화기는 조기가온 1회 처리에서는 메리트청(靑)가 혼용구에서 가장 빨랐으며, 2회 처리에서는 양파 에탄올 추출물과 메리트청(靑) 단용 및 양파즙과의 혼용구를 제외한 다른 처리구는 메리트청(靑) 처리구인 대조구와 같거나 더 늦어지는 경향이었다. 후기가온의 경우 1회 처리는 모든 처리가 대조구보다 개화기를 앞당겼으며, 특히 메리트청(靑) 혼용구에서 개화기가 크게 빨라졌다. 2회 처리에서는 양파 에탄올 추출물과 메리트청(靑) 혼용구와 양파즙처리구를 제외한 다른 처리구는 메리트청(靑) 처리구인 대조구와 거의 같거나 오히려 더 늦어지는 경향이었다. 조기가온실험에서 수확기는 1, 2회 처리 모두 처리간에 차이가 거의 없었으며 수확기간도 비슷했다. 후기가온에서는 1, 2회 모두 메리트청(靑) 단용, 혼용 처리구에서 수확기간이 빠른 것으로 나타났으며, 특히, 2회 처리에서 양파즙 에탄올 추출물+메리트청(靑) 혼용구가 대조구보다 수확기를 12일 앞당겼으며, 수확기간에는 큰 차이가 없었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.301-305
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• 1992

원심식 박막증발기를 이용해 마늘 착즙을 농축한 경우 가열 매체 및 증발온도가 농축비, 총괄열전달계수, 증발속도 등에 대해 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 마늘착즙의 급액속도와 증발온도가 일정할 때 가열증기의 온도가 높을수록 농축비, 증발속도, 및 총괄열전달계수는 증가하였으나, 가열증기의 온도가 $110^{\circ}C$ 이상이 되면 이들 값의 증가가 현저하게 둔화되었다. 증기온도 $100^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 증발온도가 증가함에 따라 농축비, 증발속도, 총괄열전달계수는 감소하였다. 그러나 그 이상의 온도에서 어느 일정 증발온도까지는 이들 값이 증가하다가 다시 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 급액속도가 일정할 때 증기의 온도와 증발온도와의 차이가 $70^{\circ}C$가 될 때까지는 농축비, 증발속도 및 총괄열전달계수는 모두 증가하였다. 그러나 온도 차이가 $70^{\circ}C$ 이상이 되면 이들 값의 증가가 둔화되거나 감소하였다.