• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2004

Contradictions often occur between the process of urban modernization and protection of history and culture, which have become the topics of current studies. The development of a city has its past, present and future while history and culture have their continued process. Culture is the sediment of history, left among buildings and merged in life. Exerting a subtle influence on the construction of a city and behaviors of citizens, culture is very important to the urban construction and is also the soul of a city and its buildings. Culture is closely bound up with inhabitants' life and the key to protect well the cultural features is to protect well historical and cultural venues. Qushuiyuan Garden is a venue for local folklore activities. The programming holds that folklore, historical and humane sceneries should be protected and left to our coming generations.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.40-48
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• 2019

Indoor gardens tailored to suit individual tastes offer a place to enjoy plants and to relax to city dwellers to relieve stress from city life. However, there are technical issues to build such indoor gardens. To offer solutions to technical issues, this study aims to analyze development phases of indoor garden-related technologies by studying available patents in detail. Also, the study aims to understand current status and future direction of technologies by examining technological trends for introduction of indoor gardens. Brainstorming method was used to understand technology trends and as a result, two groups were identified for technical features of indoor gardens: indoor greening technology and rest area for users. An analysis on selected patents showed that the number of patents increased until 2010 and declined gradually afterwards. Korea ranked the highest in the number of patents grant followed by USA, Japan and Europe. Similar order was observed with the number of patents granted by nationality of applicants. The number of patents granted by nationality was the highest for Korean nationals. For indoor greening technologies, patents related to structure from 2007 were mostly concentrated in the areas of irrigation control and environment control for plants and vegetation. For rest area related technologies, patent related to structure showed a repetitive pattern of increasing and decreasing, but overall, on downtrend. For further development and dissemination of indoor gardening technology, more R&D work is needed with focus on environmental control technology for designing suitable environment for both human and plant.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to understand the current status of education and programs and to identify the items that urban residents need most for garden management. First of all, there were 45 sites (40.5%) with gardens operated by city and county local governments nationwide, and 41(91.1%) of them had dedicated staff (1.8 persons on average). The average area of gardens was 18,623 m², garden area per person was 20.27m², the average number of participants was 683, and the average period of use was 8.69 months. In addition to gardening activities, 14 (31.1%) out of 45 sites were operating small group meetings, with an average of 2.29 meetings and 67 participants. In the satisfaction survey after gardening activities, 88.9% of 18 sites were satisfied. According to the questionnaire about education and programs related to garden users, an average of four sessions were conducted per education. In terms of education, the contents were in the following order: basic education on garden cultivation (33.9%) > prior education on garden operation (28.9%) > pest control (14.0%) > eco-friendly management (11.6%) > pesticides and Positive List System (9.9%) > others (1.7%). Over 95% of the respondents were generally satisfied. Regarding the perception survey on which items are needed to develop garden management guidelines, the most necessary items were in the order of crop management (38.7%) > public garden etiquettes among users (27.9%) > pest control (14.4%) > weed management (13.5%) > activities using harvest (5.4%). The contents that are to be included in the guidelines were in the order of garden planning and crop selection (17.2%) > cultivation techniques and schedule (16.5%) > pest and soil management (15.7%) > introduction of garden crops and gardening models (12.7%) > garden etiquettes (10.7%). In establishing urban garden management plans by region, the results will have high utility value as the basic data for continuous garden operation by setting a direction that meets the regional characteristics as well as the needs of urban residents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.130-138
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• 2014

This study aimed to grasp Feng Shui Geographical Thought appears in layout, Axial symmetry, hierarchical planning, spatial composition and hidden design techniques of Chinese Garden, that is "Xue effect", "Long-Sha effect" and "Shuikou effect", and to study on expression in Landscape Space. The Author selected the Chinese courtyard and the Nets Garden as the object to prove the Layout landscaping techniques; and selected Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Forbidden City, A square design in Xuanwei as the object to prove the Axial Symmetrical and Hierarchical landscaping techniques, and also selected the Lingering G-arden and the Gentle Waves Pavilion, Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, and Nanhu Park in Taian as the object to prove the Spatial Composition and Hidden design techniques. The methods of this article is combined Literature survey and Field survey with Case analysis to draw the conclusions as follows: First, "Xue effect" of Chinese Feng Shui Geographical Thought is suitable for the layout of Chinese courtyard and the Nets Garden in Suzhou; Second, "Long-Sha effect" is suitable for the urban planning of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasty, and the layout of the Forbidden City, by the city square design in Xuanwei, we can see that it is also suitable for Chinese modern landscape design; Third, "Shuikou effect" is appeared in the Spatial Composition and Hidden design techniques. All of these landscape design techniques are commonly used in China's modern landscape. It has been proved by the analysis of the Lingering Garden and the Gentle Waves Pavilion, Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, and Nanhu Park in Taian.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.219-230
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• 2018

The Suncheon Bay National Garden and Suncheon Bay Wetland Reserve in Suncheon city are becoming a famous tourist place in national wide. This study investigates the visitors' behavior and economic impacts of the Mulbit Festival held in Suncheon Bay National Garden from July to August 2017. Results of visitors' behaviors showed that the total number of visitors to the festival were 802,825; 75.0% of respondents were outside visitors; 52% of respondents were accommodation visitors; 52.8% of respondents had a plan to visit downtown of Suncheon city. Results of economic impacts of the Mulbit festival showed that the per capita average consumption expenditure of outside visitors and inside visitors were respectively 112,793 won and 17,269 won; the total direct economic impacts was 57 billion won and production, income, and value added inducement impacts among the total indirect economic impacts were respectively 91.9 billion won, 19.1 billion won, and 41.3 billion won.

• Korean Architects
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• s.573
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• pp.144-147
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• 2017

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2002

This study showed the current plantation of woody landscape plants of 42 school gardens in Daejeon metropolitan city. The ratio between evergreen tree and deciduous tree was 67% to 33%. The ratio between evergreen shrub and deciduous shrub was 48% to 52%. Also, 161 kinds of woody species were found; evergreen tree was 21 species, deciduous tree was 67 species, evergreen shrub was 16 species, deciduous shrub was 44 species, and vine and the others were 13 species. The proportion of native woody species was 61% (98 out of 161 species). 110 species were planted at the front garden area. In the mid-garden, 77 kinds of woody species were found. In the side garden, 95 kinds of woody species were found. In the rear garden, 92 kinds of woody species were found. The surrounding of play ground and outer area were planted 82 species. The first ranked evergreen tree was Juniperus chinensis‘Kaizuka’. And Deciduous tree, evergreen shrub, deciduous shrub, and vine showed Gingko biloba, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, Hibiscus syriacus, Wisteria floribunda, respectively. The school symbol of tree and flower was planted in 41 schools. The first rank plants of school symbol tree and flower were Pinus densiflora, Forsythia koreana and Rosa spp. Plant nameplate was found at 22 schools. The plant nameplate was used for 1∼10 species at 17 schools. In conclusion, plantation of landscape trees should be considered characteristic of each school area. In addition, school landscape should be planned distinction of a elementary school, a middle school, a high school, and a school for handicapped. School landscape should be considered carefully from functional, natural, educational environment and maintenance viewpoints as well as urban forest networking.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to analysis the landscape equipments of 42 school gardens in Taejon metropolitan city. Outdoor educational landscape equipments were found out at 10 schools out of 42 schools. The materials of main entrance were consisted of steel and stone at 19 schools. The stands at front of the main ground were existed at 21 schools. The pergolas and benches were existed at 20 schools. The living material fences were found out at 21 schools. Plant nameplates were found out at 22 schools. But the contents of the nameplates were so poor. The wetland and roof garden of the school were not existed. School landscape equipments should be introduced by the distinction of elementary school, middle school, and high school as well as by the space of the school site.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.24-37
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• 2012

In this study, Community Garden of various national and international practices trends to an advanced research, the concept of community garden participated with a group operation out of initiative to produce safety food while securing space for the community, ensuring the area that has gone through a new form of active secure urban green space plan, urban renewal movement was defined as the mean. Furthermore, for the purpose of improving the poor welfare environment by attempting to experimentally make a community garden of a disabled welfare house rooftop and how to target its planning and construction process, partnership involvement, business processes have been investigated, such as cost sharing. The whole process including a budget for development of this case was conducted by the Busan Green Trust. Standard Chartered (SC) First Bank's 50% fund share by community chest, participation of volunteers, support of Busan City and Saba-gu, outside of that, sharing parts or trial to participate by diverse partnership of enterprise, public corporation and laboratory, these are the key in developing community garden's model. Established community garden places resulted food production to users of welfare center for the disabled, participating urban agricultural experience program, horticultural therapy, complex community chapter and cultural center. Furthermore, we could find the meaning of rooftop community garden in the point that it is a low cost garden by applying movable and unmovable planters. This study is profitable for improving urban environment, ensuring community chapter and urban green areas, regenerating a city to develop experimental community garden model by using a welfare house rooftop.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.849-864
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• 2014

The objective of this paper is to investigate both the processes of regional policy and their determinants of the International Garden Exposition Suncheon Bay Korea 2013(IGEXPO 2013). IGEXPO 2013 was held in Suncheon from April to October 2013, and almost 440 million tourists visited to IGEXPO 2013. The processes of regional policy of the IGEXPO initiative were divided into four stages; the first stage from 1992 to 2002 was a beginning of conservation movement for Suncheon Bay; the second stage from 2003 to 2007 was a constructing of natural ecological park of Suncheon Bay; the third stage from 2008 to 2010 was a beginning of IGEXPO initiative and a confirming of the IGEXPO 2013; the four stage from 2011 to 2013 was a preparing and holding of IGEXPO 2013. The major determinants related to regional policy development process of IGEXPO initiative are the population n movement for Suncheon Bay, the rergional development strategy for central city in Gwangyang Bay area, the leadership for continuity of regional policy oriented to environmental and ecological city, and the cooperation and competition relationalship with neighboring city, in particular Yeosu city and 2012Yeosu EXPO planning. IGEXPO 2013 has been evaluated as having some performances such as the enhancement of city image, establishment of city park as a public goods, and formation of community leadership promoting continuous urban policy for environmental & ecological city.