• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.893-901
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• 2008

The disconfirmation paradigm is the earliest researched and the most deeply researched of all the paradigms in marketing. Disconfirmation paradigm deals with the influence of expectation, perceived product performance, and the discord between the two on consumer satisfaction. The GAP-Model is based on the disconfirmation paradigm that tries to understand the effect of the gap between before purchase expectations and after purchase perceptions of the product performance on dependent variables such as customer satisfaction. The purpose of this research is to test whether regression coefficients of a P-Model(performance only model), an E-Model(expectation only model) and GAP(P-E)-Model are equivalent in explaining service value and loyalty. The Chow's F-Test is used to test the excellence of the 3 models. As a result of comparison and analysis, P-Model showed more excellence of service value and loyalty than E-Model or GAP-Model.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2009

갭모형은 구매전 기대와 구매후 성과 사이의 차이가 고객만족도와 같은 종속변수에 대한 영향을 이해하려는 기대불일치 패러다임에 근거한 것이다. 이러한 패러다임과는 달리 Bhote는 갭모형 대신에 곱모형을 제안하였다. 곱모형은 구매전 중요도와 구매후 성과를 곱하여 구하는 고객만족도지수에 근거한 것이다. 본 연구는 Bhote의 곱모형을 외식업에 적용한 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 곱모형에 의한 외식업의 서비스품질의 5차원이 고객만족도, 재방문의도, 및 고객애호도를 설명하는 모형의 독립변수로 적합한지의 여부를 검정하는 것이다. 모형검정을 위해 회귀분석의 F-값이 활용되었다. 분석결과 곱모형은 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2020

Silicene is a two-dimensional (2D) derivative of silicon (Si) arranged in honeycomb lattice. It is predicted to be compatible with the present fabrication technology. However, its gapless properties (neglecting the spin-orbiting effect) hinders its application as digital switching devices. Thus, a suitable band gap engineering technique is required. In the present work, the band structure and density of states of uniformly doped silicene are obtained using the nearest neighbour tight-binding (NNTB) model. The results show that uniform substitutional doping using aluminium (Al) has successfully induced band gap in silicene. The band structures of the presented model are in good agreement with published results in terms of the valence band and conduction band. The band gap values extracted from the presented models are 0.39 eV and 0.78 eV for uniformly doped silicene with Al at the doping concentration of 12.5% and 25% respectively. The results show that the engineered band gap values are within the range for electronic switching applications. The conclusions of this study envisage that the uniformly doped silicene with Al can be further explored and applied in the future nanoelectronic devices.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2006

In order to estimate delivered nutrients load from non-point sources in the Gap stream watershed in Daejeon, a distributed watershed model SWAT2000 was used so that it could predict the impact of land management practices on water, sediments and chemicals yields in large complex watersheds with varing soils, land uses and management condition over long period of time. The SWAT2000 was applied to the Daejeon (Indong), Yudeung (Boksu) and Gap (Hoeduck) streams for TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) of nutrients. The observed water quality and streamflow data of the year of 2002 and 2003 were used for calibration, and those of the year 2004 and 2005 were used for validation. Simulated results were evaluated by Estimation Efficiency Analysis (COE), Regression Analysis $(R^2)$ and Relative Error (R.E.) for the nutrients amounts on the monthly and yearly basis by comparing observed load with estimated load obtained by using SWAT2000 simulations. The COE value fur T-N was ranged from 0.59 to 0.78, $R^2$ values for T-N ranged from 0.65 to 0.84, and R.E values fur T-N load ranged from 4% to 20%. COE value far T-N was ranged from 0.59 to 0.73, $R^2$ values for T-P ranged from 0.67 to 0.82, and R.E values for T-P load ranged from 3% to 25%. Estimated results of SWAT2000 simulation for 3 sites (Indong, Boksu, Hoedeok) were reasonably satisfactory. This study indicated that SWAT2000 model could be applicable to estimate the nutrients load from the Gap stream watershed in Korea.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2009

In this paper, we used computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) software with several models for the simulation of a TL glow curve which was used for analysis. By using the general approximation plus model, parameters values of the glow curve were analyzed and compared with the other models parameters (general approximation, mixed order kinetics, general order kinetics). The LiF:Mg,Cu,Si and the LiF:Mg,Cu,P material were used for the glow curve analysis. And we based on figure of merits (FOM) which was the goodness of the fitting that was monitored through the value between analysis model and TLD materials. The ideal value of FOM is 0 which represents a perfect fit. The main glow peak makes the most effect of radiation dose assessment of TLD materials. The main peak of the LiF:Mg,Cu,Si materials has a intensity rate 80.76% of the whole TL glow intensity, and that of LiF:Mg,Cu,P materials has a intensity rate 68.07% of the whole TL glow intensity. The activation energy of LiF:Mg,Cu,Si was analyzed as 2.39 eV by result of the general approximation plus(GAP) model. In the case of mixed order kinetics (MOK), the activation energy was analyzed as 2.29 eV. The activation energy was analyzed as 2.38 eV by the general order kinetics (GOK) model. In the case of LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLD, the activation energy was analyzed as 2.39 eV by result of the GAP model. In the case of MOK, the activation energy was analyzed as 2.55 eV. The activation energy was analyzed as 2.51 eV by the GOK model. The R value means different ratio of retrapping-recombination. The R value of LiF:Mg,Cu,Si TLD main peak analyzed as $1.12\times10^{-6}$ and $\alpha$ value analyzed as $1.0\times10^{-3}$. The R of LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLD analyzed as $7.91\times10^{-4}$, the $\alpha$ value means different ratio of initial thermally trapped electron density-initial trapped electron density (include thermally disconnected trap electrons density). The $\alpha$ value was analyzed as $9.17\times10^{-1}$ which was the difference from LiF:Mg,Cu,Si TLD. The deep trap electron density of LiF:Mg,Cu,Si was higher than the deep trap electron density of LiF:Mg,Cu,P.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.116-127
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• 1990

SPEAR-BETA코드에서 사용된 핵분열 기체 방출 모델을 핵연료와 피복관 사이의 갭(gap)과 플레넘(plenum) 사이에서 축방향 핵분열 기체 혼합과 균열된 핵연료에 대한 유효 열전도도를 사용함으로써 개량하여, P$_{max}$와$\Delta$P가 변하는 다양한 출력 감발 조건하에서 핵분열기체 방출 거동을 해석하였다. 핵연료 균열의 영향을 고려한 유효 열전도도는 핵연료의 온도 분포와 내부 기체 압력을 계산하는데 사용되었고, 축방향 기체 유동으로 인한 혼합(mixing)과 회석(dilution)효과는 갭의 폭과 열전도도를 해석하는데에 고려되었다. 축방향 기체 유동 효과를 계산하는데 있어서 계산속도를 빠르게 하기 위하여 유한차분법의 하나인 Crank-Nicholson 방법을 사용하였다. 개량된 모델은 다양한 출력 감발 조건하에서 얻어진 실험 자료들과 SPEAR-BETA와 FEMAXl-IV 코드들에서 사용되는 모델들로부터 얻은 결과들을 비교함으로써 검증하였다. 개량된 모델의 결과는 위의 두 코드로부터 얻은 결과 보다는 실험자료들과 잘 일치하였다. 균열된 핵연료에 대해 유효 열전도도를 사용하여 계산한 핵연료의 중심 온도는 균열되지 않은 핵연료의 경우에 비해 20$0^{\circ}C$ 정도보다 높은 값을 나타냈고, 개량된 핵분열 기체 생성물의 분율은 SPEAR-BETA코드에서 얻은 값보다 평균 6% 정도가 높게 나타났다.평균 6% 정도가 높게 나타났다.다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.55-79
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• 2007

본 연구는 도서관 정보서비스 패러다임의 변화에 따른 새로운 서비스품질 평가 척도의 필요성을 이해하고, 디지털도서관에 적용할 수 있는 e-서비스품질 평가 차원과 모형을 개발하는 연구이다. 이론 연구를 통해 개발된 차원과 모형을 검정하기 위해 실제 NDSL 정보시스템을 적용하여 개발된 차원과 이를 구성하는 선행요인을 분석하였으며, 제안한 e-서비스품질 모형을 토대로 변인간의 인과적 관계를 분석하였다. 아울러 서비스품질에 대한 고객의 이상적 기대치와 실제 지각된 성과치 간의 갭(차이)을 분석하고 마지막으로 고객 관점에서 가장 중요하게 생각하는 디지털도서관 서비스품질 요소가 무엇인지 알아보았다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2015

PURPOSE. This study was to evaluate the marginal fit of two CAD-CAM anatomic contour zirconia crown systems compared to lithium disilicate glass-ceramic crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Shoulder and deep chamfer margin were formed on each acrylic resin tooth model of a maxillary first premolar. Two CAD-CAM systems (Prettau$^{(R)}$Zirconia and ZENOSTAR$^{(R)}$ZR translucent) and lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max$^{(R)}$press) crowns were made (n=16). Each crown was bonded to stone dies with resin cement (Rely X Unicem). Marginal gap and absolute marginal discrepancy of crowns were measured using a light microscope equipped with a digital camera (Leica DFC295) magnified by a factor of 100. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey's HSD test were conducted to analyze the significance of crown marginal fit regarding the finish line configuration and the fabrication system. RESULTS. The mean marginal gap of lithium disilicate glass ceramic crowns (IPS e.max$^{(R)}$press) was significantly lower than that of the CAD-CAM anatomic contour zirconia crown system (Prettau$^{(R)}$Zirconia) (P<.05). Both fabrication systems and finish line configurations significantly influenced the absolute marginal discrepancy (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The lithium disilicate glass ceramic crown (IPS e.max$^{(R)}$press) had significantly smaller marginal gap than the CAD-CAM anatomic contour zirconia crown system (Prettau$^{(R)}$Zirconia). In terms of absolute marginal discrepancy, the CAD-CAM anatomic contour zirconia crown system (ZENOSTAR$^{(R)}$ZR translucent) had under-extended margin, whereas the CAD-CAM anatomic contour zirconia crown system (Prettau$^{(R)}$Zirconia) and lithium disilicate glass ceramic crowns (IPS e.max$^{(R)}$press) had overextended margins.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.725-745
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• 2009

In this paper, probabilistic seismic performance assessment of a typical non-seismic RC frame building representative of a large inventory of existing buildings in developing countries is conducted. Nonlinear time-history analyses of the sample building are performed with 20 large-magnitude medium distance ground motions scaled to different levels of intensity represented by peak ground acceleration and 5% damped elastic spectral acceleration at the first mode period of the building. The hysteretic model used in the analyses accommodates stiffness degradation, ductility-based strength decay, hysteretic energy-based strength decay and pinching due to gap opening and closing. The maximum inter story drift ratios obtained from the time-history analyses are plotted against the ground motion intensities. A method is defined for obtaining the yielding and collapse capacity of the analyzed structure using these curves. The fragility curves for yielding and collapse damage levels are developed by statistically interpreting the results of the time-history analyses. Hazard-survival curves are generated by changing the horizontal axis of the fragility curves from ground motion intensities to their annual probability of exceedance using the log-log linear ground motion hazard model. The results express at a glance the probabilities of yielding and collapse against various levels of ground motion intensities.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

In this paper, for the first time, the electroanalytical study of Triethylenediamine, TEDA was done on a typically graphene modified carbon paste electrode (Gr/CPE) in pH=10.5 of phosphate buffer solutions (PBS). The surface morphology of the bare and modified electrodes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electro-oxidation of TEDA was investigated at the surface of modified electrode. The results revealed that the oxidation peak current of TEDA at the surface of Gr/CPE is 2.70 times than that shown at bare-CPE. A linear calibration plot was observed in the range of 1.0 to 202.0 ppm. In this way, the detection limit was found to be 0.18 ppm. The method was then successfully applied to determination of TEDA in aqueous samples obtained from two kinds of activated carbon from the masks of war. On the other hand, density functional theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory and a conductor-like Polarizable Continuum Model (CPCM) was used to calculate the $pK_a$ values of TEDA. The energies of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital ($E_{LUMO}$) and highest occupied molecular orbital ($E_{HOMO}$), gap energy (${\Delta}E$) and some thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy of TEDA and its conjugate acid ($HT^+$) were calculated. The results of calculated $pK_a$ were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values.