• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.145-152
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• 1998

The spinning apparatus and production of secretory silk from silk gland of the black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans were studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The silk glands were located in seven groups on the spinnerets including each pair of major and minor ampullate, 3 pairs of tubuliform, 1 pair of flagelliform, 2 pairs of aggregate, about 50 pairs of pyriform and over 250 pairs of aciniform glands, respect- ively. Each group of silk gland feeds silk into one of the three spinneret pairs. Secretory silk is synthesized from rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) of glandular epithelial cells. The secretory silk is transported from toe rER into the secretory vacuoles which are grown up by fusion with the surrounding small vesicles including the secretory silk. The secretory vacuoles, which show a gradual increase in electron density with the process of maturity, are formed without involvement of the Golgi complex, suggesting that they do not play an important role in the processing of the secretory silk. The secretory silk products are released by the mechanism of apocrine secretion, losing part of their cytoplasm. Moreover, another type of silk precursor, possibly protein, appears as granular material, and is also discharged to the luminal cavity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.768-778
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• 2011

Calixpyrroles and related macrocycles are non-planer synthetic anion receptors that have attracted considerable attentions in recent years. Although the synthesis of calix[4]pyrrole (known as meso-octamethylporphyrinogen) was reported more than 100 years ago, the anion binding properties were first discovered in 1996. The simple calix[4]pyrroles can be synthesized in single step in high yield by condensation of pyrrole with acetone. The compounds showed preferential binding for halide anions including fluoride, phosphate, carboxylate, and chloride in organic media. Efforts to improve the anion affinity of calix[4]pyrrole and to enhance its selectivity have led to the synthesis of a variety of new calixpyrrole derivatives. Among the various modifications, introduction of straps on one side of the calix[4]pyrroles are the most effective. Incorporation of aromatic rings other than pyrroles also exhibited interesting binding behaviour. Introduction of signalling units as part of the strapping element enable to detect the anions on chromogenic or fluorogenic fashion. Finding of the anion transport properties across the membrane and cytotoxic effects of the calix[4]pyrroles open new window for calixpyrrole-related research. The polymer-incorporated systems have also been employed as anion complexants in solvent-solvent extraction. These old, yet easy-to-make macrocycles have well advanced more recently with the discovery of the ion-pair complexation properties. In this review, the synthetic developments and anion binding properties of calixpyrroles for the last decades will be discussed and will cover the advances in calixpyrrole chemistry.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.916-922
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• 2023

An abnormal shape of Bathyraja brachyurops was first reported from the catch of a bottom trawl in the southwest Atlantic Ocean in June 2022. Both pectoral fins of the specimen did not fuse with the head, resulting in a horn-like structure separated from the sides of the eyes. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences showed that our specimen was perfectly matched to Bathyraja brachyurops registered with the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Our specimen possessed the following morphological features: a pair of flexible but elongated and pointed horns on the head; rough dorsal disc, densely covered with numerous small denticles on the head, anterior margin of pectoral fins and median line of the disc; a thorn between the first and second dorsal fins; and a pair of large ocelli at the base of pectoral fins. Unlike the normal B. brachyurops, our specimen had a slender clasper and no nuchal thorns, which may be related to the morphological abnormality. The horn-like structure on the head may be owing to the lack of fusion between the pectoral fins and head during early embryonic development.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.676-682
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• 2005

To date, no 8-oxoguanine-specific endonuclease-coding gene has been identified in Thermotoga maritima of the order Thermotogales, although its entire genome has been deciphered. However, the hypothetical protein Tm1821 from T. maritima, has a helix-hairpin-helix motif that is considered to be important for DNA binding and catalytic activity. Here, Tm1821 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, protease digestion, and gel filtration. Tm1821 protein was found to efficiently cleave an oligonucleotide duplex containing 8-oxoguanine, but Tm1821 had little effect on other substrates containing modified bases. Moreover, Tm1821 strongly preferred DNA duplexes containing an 8-oxoguanine:C pair among oligonucleotide duplexes containing 8-oxoguanine paired with four different bases (A, C, G, or T). Furthermore, Tm1821 showed AP lyase activity and Schiff base formation with 8-oxoguanine in the presence of $NaBH_4$, which suggests that it is a bifunctional DNA glycosylase. Tm1821 protein shares unique conserved amino acids and substrate specificity with an 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon. Thus, the DNA recognition and catalytic mechanisms of Tm1821 protein are likely to be similar to archaeal repair protein, although T. maritima is an eubacterium.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.497-501
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• 1999

Biotinylation of recombinant proteins is a powerful tool for the detection and analysis of proteins of interest in a large variety of assay systems. The recent development of in vivo biotinylation techniques in E. coli has opened new possibilities for the production of site-specifically biotinylated proteins without the need for further manipulation after the isolation of the recombinantly expressed proteins. In the present study, a novel vector set was generated which allows the convenient cloning and expression of proteins of interest fused with an N-terminal in vivo biotinylated thioredoxin (TRX) protein. These vectors were derived from the previously reported pBIOTRX vector into which was incorporated part of the pBluescript II+phagemid multiple cloning site (MCS), amplified by PCR using a pair of sophisticated oligonucleotide primers. The functionality of these novel vectors was examined in this system by recombinant expression of rat transforming growth factor-$\beta$. Western-blot analysis using TRX-specific antibodies or peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin confirmed the successful induction of the fusion protein and the in vivo conjugation of biotin molecules, respectively. The convenience of molecular subcloning provided by the MCS and the effective in vivo biotinylation of proteins of interest makes this novel vector set an interesting alternative for the production of biotinylated proteins.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제30권6_1호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 고해상도 위성영상으로부터 세밀한 DEM 제작을 위해, 토지피복 특성에 따른 혼합 정합 방법을 제안하였다. 이를 위해, 고해상도 위성의 다밴드 영상에서 건물, 도로, 논 밭, 산림, 그림자 물로 이루어진 토지피복도를 제작하였으며, 흑백영상에서 에지와 포인터를 추출하였다. 정합수행 전에 5가지 분류항목을 자동 선별토록 하였으며, 이로부터 건물은 그리드와 에지 정합을, 도로는 그리드와 포인터 정합을, 논 밭과 산림지역은 그리드 정합만을 수행하고, 그림자 물은 정합대상에서 제외하였다. 그 결과, 기존 방법에 비해 지형 경계선을 보다 선명하게 표현하였으며, 건물이나 주거지 또한 더욱 잘 묘사하였다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.429-434
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• 1997

A new genus with a new species of poecilostomatoid copepod, Polyankylis orientalis, is described based on a pair of specimens collected from a tide pool on muddy shore in Korea. It represents a new family of the lichomolgoid complex with the following distinguishing characters: (1) 6-segmented antennule (resulted from the fusion of the third and fourth segments) with additional aesthetascs in male, (2) hook on mediodistal corner of antennal coxobasis (first segment), (3) proximal and distal scales on the outer margin of mandible present, (4) main axis of mandibular gnathobase short and lacking notches at the base of mandibular lash, and (5) inner margin of mandibular lash with denticulate processes. Additionally, maxillar syncoxa carries a large, pointed process on ventral surface, legs 1-4 do not show sexua1 dimorphism, and leg 4 is uniramous with 1-segmented exopod. A detailed discussion is given of its affinities with the ten existing families of the lichomolgoid complex.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2023

We discovered a halacarid mite species, Isobactrus tuberculatus Abé, 1996, inhabiting marine plastic debris on the coast of Jeju Island, Korea. The key characteristics of these Korean specimens were consistent with those in the original description of specimens from Hokkaido, Japan, including the presence of tuberculate membranous cuticles between the anterior and posterior dorsal plates, fusion of the posterior epimeral plates I and II, tibia II with a bipectinate seta, tibiae III and IV each with five setae, and a pair of subgenital setae in females. However, two small morphological differences were noted: the distance between the anterior and posterior dorsal plates was shorter than that in Japanese specimens, and the location of dorsal seta-2 was closer to the anterior dorsal plate in Korean specimens. We herein provide detailed illustrations of I. tuberculatus, based on the Korean specimens, with a brief taxonomic comment on the similarities among allied congeneric species. The genus Isobactrus is first reported in Korea.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.459-467
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• 2014

최근 공공기관에서 다양한 공간 정보를 제작하고 보급함에 따라 정부기관 및 지자체 등의 구축된 공간정보를 융합하고 연계하는 일의 중요성이 점점 증대되고 있다. 현지 조사와 별도의 측량 작업 없이 필요한 공간정보를 융합을 통해 생성할 경우 시간과 노동 비용을 절감할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 불필요한 예산의 이중 집행을 근본적으로 막을 수 있다. 그러나 새롭게 도입된 안전행정부의 도로명주소지도와 기존의 국가 기본도인 국토지리정보원의 수치지도2.0의 통합과 연계에 대한 연구는 매우 부족한 실정이다. 실제 공공기관의 공간정보 관련 업무에 도로명주소지도를 활용하도록 장려하고 있으나 대부분의 업무에는 국가 기본도인 수치지도가 활용되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 수치지도2.0과 도로명주소지도의 통합과 연계를 위해 두 지도의 건물 레이어에 대한 매칭을 실시하고 신규 건물을 갱신하였다. 가구계 기반의 ICP(Iterative Closest Point) 기하보정을 통해 두 지도의 건물에 대한 기하학적 차이를 보정하고 계층적 군집화 기반의 다중 대응 객체 탐색 알고리즘을 적용하여 다대다 매칭을 수행하였다. 제안된 매칭기법의 정확도 평가 결과, 95% 이상의 높은 정확도를 보였으며 매칭 된 두 지도 데이터의 건물 레이어에 대한 통합적인 활용과 융합이 가능함을 확인하였다. 또한 최신성이 높고 갱신주기가 짧은 도로명주소지도를 이용하여 수치지도의 신규건물을 갱신함으로써 융합된 공간정보를 생성하고 비용 절감 효과를 거둘 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.973-980
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• 2018

Study Design: Retrospective review. Purpose: To identify the trends in stimulator use, pair those trends with various grafting materials, and determine the influence of stimulators on the risk of revision surgery. Overview of Literature: A large number of studies has reported beneficial effects of electromagnetic energy in healing long bone fractures. However, there are few clinical studies regarding the use of electrical stimulators in spinal fusion. Methods: We used insurance billing codes to identify patients with lumbar disc degeneration who underwent anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF). Comparisons between patients who did and did not receive electrical stimulators following surgery were performed using logistic regression analysis, chi-square test, and odds ratio (OR) analysis. Results: Approximately 19% of the patients (495/2,613) received external stimulators following ALIF surgery. There was a slight increase in stimulator use from 2008 to 2014 (multi-level $R^2=0.08$, single-level $R^2=0.05$). Patients who underwent multi-level procedures were more likely to receive stimulators than patients who underwent single-level procedures (p<0.05; OR, 3.72; 95% confidence interval, 3.02-4.57). Grafting options associated with most frequent stimulator use were bone marrow aspirates (BMA) plus autograft or allograft for single-level and allograft alone for multi-level procedures. In both cohorts, patients treated with bone morphogenetic proteins were least likely to receive electrical stimulators (p<0.05). Patients who received stimulation generally had higher reimbursements. Concurrent posterior lumbar fusion (PLF) (ALIF+PLF) increased the likelihood of receiving stimulators (p<0.05). Patients who received electrical stimulators had similar revision rates as those who did not receive stimulation (p>0.05), except those in the multilevel ALIF+PLF cohort, wherein the patients who underwent stimulation had higher rates of revision surgery. Conclusions: Concurrent PLF or multi-level procedures increased patients' likelihood of receiving stimulators, however, the presence of comorbidities did not. Patients who received BMA plus autograft or allograft were more likely to receive stimulation. Patients with and without bone stimulators had similar rates of revision surgery.