• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2000

The mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus in compost is strongly stimulated by solid-state fermentation with thermophilic fungi which were isolated from oyster mushroom compost. The biochemical characteristics of these thermophilic fungi were investigated. Cellulase and ligninase activities were not detected by clear zone effect on CMC and lignin media. All of thermophilic fungi grew well with high mycelial density on xylan media and the growing rate of Sepedonium sp. S-2 observed very high. In results of MUF-test, extracellular enzyme activity of Sepedonium sp. S-2, and S-5 measured very high. On the compost after high temperature fermentation with Sepedonium sp. S-2 and S-5, the mycelial growing rate of Pleurotus ostreatus was increased about 50% and it also showed the inhibiting effect on mycelial growth of Trichoderma sp. SJG-51. Isolated thermophilic fungi, Sepedonium sp. S-2 and S-5 were expected as very useful organism for making oyster mushroom compost.

• Mycobiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.258-265
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• 2015

The fungi on Meju are known to play an important role as degrader of macromolecule of soybeans. In order to elucidate the origin of fungi on traditional Meju, mycobiota of the air both inside and outside traditional Meju fermentation rooms was examined. From 11 samples of air collected from inside and outside of 7 Meju fermentation rooms, 37 genera and 90 species of fungi were identified. In outside air of the fermentation room, Cladosporium sp. and Cladosporium cladosporioides were the dominant species, followed by Cladosporium tenuissimum, Eurotium sp., Phoma sp., Sistotrema brinkmannii, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Schizophyllum commune, and Penicillium glabrum. In inside air of the fermentation room, Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium chrysogenum, Asp. nidulans, Aspergillus sp., Cla. cladosporioides, Eurotium sp., Penicillium sp., Cla. tenuissimum, Asp. niger, Eur. herbariorum, Asp. sydowii, and Eur. repens were collected with high frequency. The concentrations of the genera Aspergillus, Eurotium, and Penicillium were significantly higher in inside air than outside air. From this result and those of previous reports, the origin of fungi present on Meju was inferred. Of the dominant fungal species present on Meju, Lichtheimia ramosa, Mucor circinelloides, Mucor racemosus, and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis are thought to be originated from outside air, because these species are not or are rarely isolated from rice straw and soybean; however, they were detected outside air of fermentation room and are species commonly found in indoor environments. However, Asp. oryzae, Pen. polonicum, Eur. repens, Pen. solitum, and Eur. chevalieri, which are frequently found on Meju, are common in rice straw and could be transferred from rice straw to Meju. The fungi grow and produce abundant spores during Meju fermentation, and after the spores accumulate in the air of fermentation room, they could influence mycobiota of Meju fermentation in the following year. This could explain why concentrations of the genera Aspergillus, Eurotium, and Penicillium are much higher inside than outside of the fermentation rooms.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 2012

Fungal endophytes are microfungi that live in plants without causing apparent symptoms of infection. This study was conducted to identify endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of coniferous trees in Bohyeon Mountain of Korea. We collected leaves of two species of coniferous trees, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis, from 11 sites in the study area. A total 58 isolates were obtained and identified using molecular and morphological characteristics. Four species of endophytic fungi were isolated from P. densiflora: Lophodermium conigenum, Leotiomycetes sp., Septoria pini-thunbergii, and Polyporales sp., while two fungal species were isolated from P. koraiensis: Eurotiomycetes sp. and Rhytismataceae sp. The most frequently isolated species were L. conigenum and S. pini-thunbergii.

• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.62-64
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• 2007

An allosecurinine alkaloid was assayed against spore germination of some saprophytic and pathogenic fungi e.g., Alternaria alternata, A. solani, A. brassicicola, A. brassicae, Curvularia lunata, C. pallescens, C. maculans, Curvularia species, Colletotrichum species, C. musae, C. gloeosporioides, Erysiphe pisi, Fusarium udum, Helminthosporium echinoclova, H. pennisetti, H. spiciferum, and Heterosporium sp. It inhibited mild spore germination of all the fungi tested. Curvularia lunata, Curvularia sp., Collectotrichum sp., C. musae and Heterosporium sp. were most sensitive as complete inhibition of spore germination was observed at very low concentrations.

• Mycobiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.100-103
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• 2001

Chaerophylline and berberine hydroxide, both being alkaloids, isolated from Corydalis chaerophylla and C. longipes respectively were assayed against spore germination of some fungi, e.g. Alternaria solani, A. brassicola, A. brassicicola, Helminthosporium penniseti, Helminthosporium sp., Heterosporium sp., Curvularia penniseti, C. maculens and C. palliscens. While chaerophylline inhibited spore germination of most of the fungi at 1000 ppm, being also effective at 50, 100, 200 and 500 ppm, berberine hydroxide was significantly effective at much lower concentration, i.e., 400 ppm against several fungi. This compound was also effective against some fungi at 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm. There was 100% inhibition of spore germination in several fungi at highest concentration of both the compounds. Some of the fungi showed similar results even at lower concentrations.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

Studies were conducted to investigate the changes of teleomorph of Diatrype stigma on bed-log of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) and appearance of secondary harmful fungi from December 1999 to August 2001. The color of stroma was changed from red brown to dark brown after 12 months. The size of ostioles became smaller and the number of ostioles decreased as time passed. Most of the ostioles disappeared after 20 months from toleomorph formation. Perithecia and ascospores were gradually disappeared, and perithecia containing ascospores were observed at 10% of bed-logs tested after 20 months. Concerning the secondary harmful fungi infecting the bedlog of shiitake after teleomorph of D. stigma, Hypoxylon truncatum (Anamorph : Nodulisporium sp.), Schizophyllum commune and Trichoderma spp. were observed on stroma of D. stigma. Penicillium sp. occurred on spore-horn of Libertella sp. (Anamorph of D. stigma). Besides, Hypoxylon howeianum and some species of Myxomycetes were observed. Also, Libertella sp. appeared again at some bed-logs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 1992

The ecological distribution of endomycorrhizas in evergreen woody species native to the evergreen forest ecosystem of Tadohae-haesang National Park in southern Korea in February, 1989 was studied. The abundance and diversity of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi were also determined. The spore densities ranged from 14 to 326 per 100 g of soil. Most of the spores of mycorrhizal fungi collected from 25 soil samples belonged to the genera Glomus and Gigaspora. The frequency and number of spores in Camellia japonica varied with location. Spores belonging to the genus Gigaspora were not found in Camellia japonica in Yesongri evergreen forests adjacent to the sea. Glomus sp. was the major constituent of the spore assemblage at this site. The most abundant species in Camellia japonica in the Yesongri evergreen forests in Pogildo was Glomus borealis. In the soil of a mountain at Buwhangri, in the central location of the island at an elevation of 250 m, Gigaspora sp. was present and Glomus sp. was a major constituent of the spore assemblage. In the urban area of Haenam spore densities were much higher than in the Pogildo area. The most abundant species in Camellia japonica in the urban area of Haenam was Gigaspora sp..

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.278-282
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to find useful fungi with ${\alpha}$-amylase activity from the Korean traditional nuruk for the quality of traditional Korean alcoholic beverage. In this study, 165 samples of traditional nuruk were collected from 170 regions throughout Korea and the fungi were isolated to a total of 384 strains. In order to investigate the effect of microflora on nuruk, ${\alpha}$-amylase activity, saccharogenic power (SP), starch hydrolysis activity and acid producing activity were evaluated. Ten strains were selected by ${\alpha}$-amylase activity, which ranged from 458.47 to 1,202.75 U/g. The size of the discolored zone for the starch hydrolysis activity of each fungus ranged from 0.3 to 2 cm. The SP of the 10 strains ranged from 228.8 to 433.4 SP. Of the 10 stains, three were identified as Aspergillus oryzae, two as Aspergillus flavus, two as Lichtheimia sp., one as Rhizopus oryzae and two as other strains. The total aflatoxins present in the nuruks were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The 10 nuruks had less than 1.11 ppb of aflatoxins.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 2015

In this study, orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) were isolated from four terrestrial orchids on Mt. Hambeak, Platnathera chlorantha, Platnathera mandarinorum, Cephalanthera falcate, and Cephalanthera longibracteata. OMF were identified using morphological and sequences analysis of fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions by specific primer of basidiomycetous orchid mycorrhizas; ITS1-OF and ITS4-OF. Four species of orchid mycorrhizal fungi were identified as Ceratobasidium sp, Epulorhiza anaticula, Tulasnella calospora and Tulasnella sp.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.511-515
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• 2003

White rot fungi, Phanerochaete sp. EJ-31L, was evaluated for its ability to decolorize Remazol Black B, an azo dye that is a widespread pollutant in the wastewater of textile industry. It was observed that extent of decolorization by Phanerochaete sp. EJ-31L was dependent on the concentrations of co-carbon and nitrogen source. Effects of agitation and aeration were studied, and agitated culture at aeration condition resulted in greater extent of decolorization than static culture. Remazol Black B was readily decolorized up to 95% within 64 hr by Phanerochaete sp. EJ-31L.