• 보존과학연구
• /
• s.36
• /
• pp.64-73
• /
• 2015

The temple and family or private owner have managed the storage space of movable cultural properties. Thus they lack the ability to manage professionally and systematically, movable cultural properties are in a poor environment and have been damaged by abundant dust and airborne fungi in the storage. In this study, we investigated microbes distribution in 10 storage or exhibition hall housing the movable cultural properties. As a results, concentration of collected microorganisms exhibited a large difference according to a storage and the D Relic Museum in Yeongam is the most contaminant storage, in which detected $2,000m^3$ or more. More than $166m^3$ of the fungi were detected in most storages of the other. We identified so many varieties of fungi such as Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Alternaria sp. and Cladosporium sp. existing commonly in 10 storages including wood rot fungi such as Ceriporia lacerata, Ganoderma carnosum, Myrothecium gramineum and Bjerkandera sp.. This airborne fungi may damage cultural heritages. The Guideline on a concentration of airborne fungi should be estimated and management system to the preservation environment must be provided.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.175-181
• /
• 1984

Six species of Glomus and one species of Acaulospora of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi associated with four salt-marsh plants(Calamagrotis epigeios, Lotus corniculatus, Artemisia scoparia and Imperata cylindrica were isolated from salt-marsh soil. The six species of Glomus were identified as G. albidum(lst type), G. pulvinatum(2nd type), G. constrictium(3rd type), G. sp.(4th type), G. caledonicum(5th type), and G. sp. (6th type). The one species of Acaulospora was identified as A. scrobiculata(7th type). Three mycorrhizal fungi, G. albidum(l st type), G. pulvinatum(2nd type) and G. sp. (4th type) among the 7VA fungi were the most abundant types. The most common type of VA fungi occurred in rhizosphere soil from each plant was G. sp. (4th type) for Calamagrostis epigeios and Artemesia scoparia equally and G. pulvinatum for Lotus corniculatus and Imperata cylindrica equally.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 1990

Twenty-one strains isolated, cellulose decomposing fungi, were identified on the basis of morphological, physiological and biochemical properties as Acremonium sp., Aspergillus sp., Chaetomium sp., Chrysonilla sp., Doratomyces sp., Fusarium sp., Gliomastix sp., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., Varicosporium sp. and Verticillium sp.. The optimum tempeture for growth was in the range of $20-30^{\circ}C$. Most of the isolated stains utilized all tested carbon sources, and scarcely utilized urea as a nitrogen source. Only the strain No.2 had high activity of cellulase.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.345-350
• /
• 1989

Saprophagous fungi which were isolated from ginseng products were investigated the change of mycellial weight, saponin pattern and saponin contents according to culture periods at different of saponin concentration. Aspergillus sp. showed the greatest mycellial weight in 9 days at 0.3% saponin concentration as well as Penicillium specise A and B. Mycellial weight of all Saprophagous fungi was decresed than control group at 1.0% concentration of crude saponin. Saponin pattern were changed in 6th days of culture by Aspergillus sp. at 0.3% and deteriorated diol ginsenoside respectively. The amount of diol saponins was decreased all the duration of culture by Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. B. whereas Pencillium sp. A was not any change. The amont of saponin in the fresh ginseng and white ginseng medium was decreased gradually according to culture periods by the saprophagous fungi.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.387-393
• /
• 2001

To use as a fundamental data for the sustainable agriculture, which is nowadays a major trend to keep the productivity and conserve the environment, 487 paddy soil samples were collected from 21 regions of the Gyeongnam Province and analyzed the chemical characteristics and microbial population of the soil. The microbial population densities were bacteria $298{\times}10^5$($4{\sim}3000{\times}10^5$ range), fungi $63{\times}10^3$($2{\sim}441{\times}10^3$ range), actinomycetes $19{\times}10^5$($0.2{\sim}1250{\times}10^5$ range), Bacillus sp. $53{\times}10^4$($4{\sim}890{\times}10^4$ range) and Pseudomonas sp. $198{\times}10^4CFU\;g^{-1}$($4{\sim}1724{\times}10^4CFU\;g^{-1}$ range), respectively. The microbial populations of the soil were in general higher in southern area than in the northern area of the Gyeongnam Province. The average ratio of bacteria/fungi population was 473. As soil clay content increased, the populations of aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes and Pseudomonas sp. were remarkably decreased. The ratio of aerobic bacteria and fungi was 1554 in sandy loam and clay loam 1144, while Bacillus sp./fungi ratio was 11 in clay loam and 10 in loam. On the topographical differences, aerobic bacteria and Bacillus sp./fungi ratio were the higher in coastal plains than any other areas. The microbial population densities from different soil types were generally lower in ill-drained paddy field than those of other paddy field. The content of $P_2O_5$, K, Ca, $NO_3-N$ and EC in soil were positively correlated to the population densities of aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.. The soil organic matter and Mg content were also positively correlated to the population densities of aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and Bacillus sp.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.992-996
• /
• 2011

Endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of plants growing naturally on the island of Dokdo. Plant samples, such as Miscanthus sinensis, Achyranthus japonica and Echinochloa crusgali were isolated from Dongdo, and those such as Honkenya peploides and Artemsia koidzumii were isolated from Seodo. Twenty one strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from these plants. To identify the strains, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification of the partial ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) regions was done with universal primers ITS-1 and ITS-4 to determine the nucleotide sequence of the ITS regions. Of the strains isolated from Miscanthus sinensis, 75% were Penicillium sp. and 25% were Aspergillus sp. Fifty five percent of strains isolated from Achyranthus japonica were Penicillium sp., 30% were Aspergillus sp. and 15% were Zygorhynchus sp. Strains isolated from Echinochloa crusgali were Penicillium sp. (50%), Aspergillus sp. (12%), Giberella sp. (13%), Talaromyces sp. (9%) and Umbelopsis sp. (8%). Of the strains isolated from Honkenya peploides, 76% were Penicillium sp. and 24% were Pestalotiopsis sp. Strains isolated from Artemisia koidzumii were Penicillium sp. (81%) and Mucor sp. (19%). As a result of bioassay, Ec-3-1 strain isolated from Echinochloa crusgalli showed plant growth-promotion activity. Of all the endophytic fungi isolated, Penicillium sp. was the most abundantly distributed fungal strain in all plants used in this study.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.96-99
• /
• 2001

Withametelin, a steroidal compound isolated from leaves of Datura metel L.(Solanaceae), showed antifungal activity against some plant pathogenic as well as saprophytic fungi tested in vitro. Except Curvularia maculans and Colletotrichum sp., spore germination of all the other 23 fungi was inhibited significantly at 125 to 1000 ppm. Out of the 25 fungi tested, Curvularia sp., Cercospora abelmoschi, Heterosporium sp., Erysiphe cichoracearum and Ustilago cynodontis were most sensitive as there was complete inhibition of germination at 1000 ppm. Similarly, spores of Alternaria brassicae, Curvularia lunata and Helminthosporium pennisetti showed less than 3% germination at the same concentration. Rest of the fungi showed more than 15% spore germination at the same concentration.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 1998

For isolation of antagonistic fungi antagonistic to Phytophthora capsici, a total of 157 isolates of fungi were screened from soil. Among the 157 isolates further screened by the dual culture test on potato dextrose agar and V-8 juice agar, 16 isolates were tested to show their antagonistic activity against P. capsici and Fusarium oxysporum. Fungal cul-ture filtrates of screened 16 isolates were shown to inhibit germination of zoospoorangia of P. capsici entirely and conidia of F. oxysporum considerably. Antagonistic fungi were shown to suppress of P. capsici infection of red-pepper plants maintained in the green house. Four isolates. 27 J5, 37 J10, 36 J13 and 31 K10, with the reduced disease incidence 53.3∼60.0% were identified as Fusarium sp. (27 J5). Trichoderma sp. (37 J10, 36 J13) and Penicillium sp. (31 K10).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 1998

The incidence of fungi and their possible contribution to low vigour were examined in a collection of ginseng (Panax quiquefolius) seed from Ontario. When examined after one winter of stratification in the field and storage at 4f for five months in the laboratory, the collection exhibited low vigour (plant stand 16.7% of seeding rate six weeks after seeding) and high incidence (94%) of discolored or soft seed. Fungi isolated (and incidence) from 1,304 endosperm halves recovered from surface-sterilized seed were, in order of abundance, Fusarium rostrum (22.2%), Chaetomium crispuum (14.3%), Funriud oxysporum (9.0%), Fusarium sdani (9.0%), iwmor sp. (8.4%), Alternaria sp. (8.1%), Zowieua lucotricha (7.8%), Cylindruarpn sp. (0.9%), Fusarium avenacmm (0.9%), and Vdudla iliata (0.4%). Most of these fungi, including known and potential pathogens of ginseng (species of Alerraria, Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium, and Trichodirma), were associated with both healthy and diseased seed. Application of Benlate (benomyl), Thiram (thiram), or UBI-2584 (tebuconazole) to seed caused slight to pronounced reduction in emergence and did not significantly affect plant stand six weeks after seeding. The study demonstrated the high level of infection by fungi, including known and potential pathogens of the cry, in an arbitrary collection of ginseng seed from commercial sources, and the phytotoxicity of the fungicides tested when applied to moist stratified seed. The lack of efficacy of the fungicides precluded determination of the contribution of seedborne fungi to low vigour of the seed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.53 no.5
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2003

The Purpose of this study was to isolate and identify fungi found in excavated clothes dating on the 16th century. As a result of microscoping with LPCB staining, seven isolated strains were classified-Acremonium strictum, Acremonium kiliense, Fonsecaea sp., Candida sp., Trichoderma sp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp.. In the process of isolation and identification of fungi by the sort of textile, more fungi were found in cotton, cotton batt and silk than in ramie and hemp, suggesting that hemp has antibacterial characteristics due to the presence of lignin. In the Comparison washed samples with unwashed ones, there were more kinds of fungi in washed samples. In the cellulase activity test, Acremonium kiliense had the highest level cellulase activity, suggesting that Acremonium killiense has an important Influence on damage of textiles.