• 식물병연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2009

청양지역을 비롯한 멜론 연작재배지에서 매년 피해를 나타내고 있는 시들음 증상 발생주의 뿌리로부터 뿌리씩 음병 원균 Monosporascus cannonballus(28.4%), Fusarium spp.(27.4%), Didymella bryoniae(24.2%), Phytophthora spp.(20.0%) 등을 각각 분리하였다. 멜론 연작재배 토양내 뿌리썩음병 방제를 위해 고온수 관주 및 훈증제 3종 살균처리하고 방제효율을 검정하였다. 고온수($92{\sim}98^{\circ}C$) 토양관주 살균처리는 $'05{\sim}'06$년 정식전 4시간(관주량: $52{\sim}55$ tons/10a) 관주하였다. 그 결과 발병율이 0.01$\sim$0.08%로 무처리의 발병량(6.6$\sim$81.4%)보다 높은 방제효과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 이는 토양훈증 살균제 3종의 방제효과(54.8$\sim$79.7%) 보다 20.2$\sim$45.1% 높았다. 또한, 고온수 관주처리 토양에서의 역병(Fire blight), 시들음병 (Fusarium wilt)의 발병율도 극히 낮았다 한편, 2005-2006년 고온수 관주처리구의 수량은 39톤/ha으로 무처리구(13.6톤/ha)에 비해 매우 높아 고도의 유의성을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 그러나, Dazomet, methyl bromide등 훈증제 처리는 약제 처리간 유의성은 없었으나 수량은 무처리 보다 39$\sim$47% 높았다. 결과적으로 고온수($92{\sim}98^{\circ}C$)를 이용한 연작재배지 토양 살균은 토양병해에 높은 방제효과를 나타내어 약제에 의한 훈증살균보다 효과적이라 판단되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2006

The present study addressed the efficacy of nanosized silica-silver for controlling plant pathogenic microorganisms. The nanosized silica-silver consisted of nano-silver combined with silica molecules and water soluble polymer, prepared by exposing a solution including silver salt, silicate and water soluble polymer to radioactive rays. The nanosized silica-silver showed antifungal activity against the tested phytopathogenic fungi at 3.0 ppm with varied degrees. In contrast, a number of beneficial bacteria or plant pathogenic bacteria were not significantly affected at 10 ppm level but completely inhibited by 100 ppm of nanosized silicasilver. Among the tested plant pathogenic fungi, the new product effectively controlled powdery mildews of pumpkin at 0.3 ppm in both field and greenhouse tests. The pathogens disappeared from the infected leaves 3 days after spray and the plants remained healthy thereafter. Our results suggested that the product developed in this study was effective in controlling various plant fungal diseases.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2008

Insects mount a robust innate immune response against a wide array of microbial pathogens. The hallmark of the Drosophila humoral immune response is the rapid production of anti-microbial peptides in the fat body and their release into the circulation. Two recognition and signaling cascades regulate expression of these antimicrobial peptide genes. The Toll pathway is activated by fungal and many Gram-positive bacterial infections, whereas the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway responds to Gram-negative bacteria. Recent work has shown that the intensity and duration of the Drosophila immune response is tightly regulated. As in mammals, hyperactivated immune responses are detrimental, and the proper down-modulation of immunity is critical for protective immunity and health. In order to keep the immune response properly modulated, the Toll and IMD pathways are controlled at multiple levels by a series of negative regulators. In this review, we focus on recent advances identifying and characterizing the negative regulators of these pathways.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.554-561
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• 2005

The clinical and radiographic findings of lung cancer have been well established many journals. Even if the radiographic findings of lung cancer show a typical pattern, the specific cell type of lung cancer sometimes needs to be determined prior to a pathological diagnosis. For example, the usual finding of a squamous cell carcinoma is similar to other cancer types such as an adenocarcinoma or a small cell carcinoma but with a lower incidence. Therefore, it should not be used to make a diagnosis of the cell type prior to a pathological diagnosis. Many unusual findings of lung cancer, so called atypical pattern have been reported, but atypical findings are widely accepted. The more important thing is not to diagnose a specific cell type of cancer but to differentiate it from other benign conditions such as tuberculosis, fungal infections or organizing pneumonia. This paper presents typical information of the cell type of lung cancer along with the atypical radiographic findings.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2006

Fifty-six indigenous and twenty nine exotic mulberry varieties were screened against powdery mildew, Myrothecium leaf spot, Pseudocercospora leaf spot, sooty mold and bacterial leaf spot for a period of three years under field condition. The percent disease index (PDI) was recorded during peak season of the foliar diseases. Out of eighty-five varieties studied, ten varieties were highly resistant and eight were resistant to powdery mildew; six varieties were immune and seventy-eight varieties were highly resistant to Myrothecium leaf spot; sixty varieties were highly resistant and 21 were resistant to Pseudocercospora leaf spot; forty four varieties were highly resistant to sooty mold and two varieties were immune and fifty-eight were highly resistant to bacterial leaf spot. Lowest cumulatative disease index was observed in M. multicaulis (7.28) followed by Thailand lobed (7.85) and Italian mulberry (8.06).

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.24
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• 2024

Studies over the last 2 decades have identified IL-17 and IL-21 as key cytokines in the modulation of a wide range of immune responses. IL-17 serves as a critical defender against bacterial and fungal pathogens, while maintaining symbiotic relationships with commensal microbiota. However, alterations in its levels can lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. IL-21, on the other hand, bridges the adaptive and innate immune responses, and its imbalance is implicated in autoimmune diseases and cancer, highlighting its important role in both health and disease. Delving into the intricacies of these cytokines not only opens new avenues for understanding the immune system, but also promises innovative advances in the development of therapeutic strategies for numerous diseases. In this review, we will discuss an updated view of the immunobiology and therapeutic potential of IL-17 and IL-21.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제74권6호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2013

Mucormycosis is a rare fungal disease that holds a fatal opportunistic fungal infection in diabetes mellitus, hematological malignancy, and immunocompromised host. Isolated pulmonary mucormycosis is extremely rare. Optimal therapy is a combined medical-surgical approach and a management of the patient's underlying disease. Herein, we report a case-study of isolated pulmonary mucormycosis which was being presented as multiple lung nodules in a patient with no underlying risk factors. Considering that the patient had poor pulmonary functions, we treated him with only antifungal agent rather than a combined medical-surgical approach. After treatment with antifungal agent for six months, the nodules of pulmonary mucormycosis were improved with the prominent reductions of size on the computed tomography.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2018

Endophytic fungi strains (n = 81) were isolated from the leaves, barks, and fruits of Camellia oleifera from Hunan province (China) to delineate their species composition and potential as biological control agents of C. oleifera anthracnose. The fungi were identified by morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Fungal colonization rates of the leaves, barks, and fruits were 58.02, 27.16, and 14.81%, respectively. The isolates were identified as 14 genera, belonging to two subdivisions, Deuteromycotina and Ascomycotina; 87.65% of all isolates belonged to Deuteromycotina. The dominant species, occurring with a high relative frequency, were Pestalotiopsis sp. (14.81%), Penicillium sp. (14.81%), and Fusarium sp. (12.35%). The Simpson's and Shannon's diversity indices revealed the highest species diversity in the leaves, followed by the barks and fruits. The similarity index for the leaves versus barks comparison was the highest, indicating that the number of endophytic fungal species shared by the leaves and barks was higher than barks and fruits or leaves and fruits. Based on the results of dual culture experiments, only five strains exhibited antifungal activity against C. oleifera anthracnose pathogen, with isolate ty-64 (Oidium sp.) generating the broadest inhibition zones. Our results indicate that the endophytes associated with C. oleifera could be employed as natural agents controlling C. oleifera anthracnose.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2006

이 연구는 식물유래 천연물, TGR-N1의 잔디진균병에 대한 방제효과를 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. In vitro실험에서 TGR-N1은 잔디진균병에 대해 항균효과를 나타내었다. TGR-N1의 500배, 1000배액은 Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1, Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2, Rhizoctonia cerealis, Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, Colletotrichum graminicola 에 대해 강한 항균력을 나타내었다. 그러나 Pythium spp.에 대해서는 항균효과가 없었다. TGR-N1의 Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1, Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2에 대한 포장방제 실험결과, TGR-N1 500배액의 방제가는 각각 86.1%와 83.3%의 방제가를 나타내었다. 이 연구 결과 식물유래 천연물 TGR-N1의 항균 활성이 확인되었는 바 천연물 농약으로서의 잠재성을 보여 주었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2016

고려인삼은 다년생 약용작물로써 재배 특성상 인삼에서 다양한 질병들의 효과적인 방제시스템의 개발은 인삼의 생산량 증대에 매우 중요한 요소이다. 최근 지속가능한 농업의 실현을 위한 식물의 유도저항성(ISR)과 유용미생물의 항생제 효과를 이용한 친환경 생물학적 방제 기법이 주목을 받고 있다. 하지만 인삼의 유도정항성을 정확하게 판단할 수 있는 기법은 아직까지 거의 연구되어 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 인삼의 유묘를 이용한 무병주 기내배양 시스템을 개발하였고, BTH에 의해 유도되는 인삼의 유도저항성을 통한 잿빛곰팡이병과 탄저병에 대한 방제효과를 검증하였다. 인삼유묘에 유도저항성을 위해 뿌리에 직접적으로 BTH를 처리하는 관주처리 방법에 비해, 잎에 직접적으로 살포하는 엽면시비 방법이 효과적으로 두 곰팡이성 병원균에 대한 방제효과가 높게 나타났다. BTH처리 인삼유묘에 탄저병원균을 처리하였을 때 인삼의 병원균 침입에 의해 급격히 발현이 증대되는 PgPR10과 PgCAT 유전자의 발현이 급속하게 증대되는 현상을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 시스템은 향후 친환경적으로 이용될 수 있는 다양한 생물학적 방제제의 효과를 검정하고 활용하는데 매우 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.