• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.95-103
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• 2023

This study aimed to identify the initial migratory macroinvertebrate species in two newly created mountain wetlands. To analyze the initial immigration species of macroinvertebrates, two experimental sites and two control sites were selected after habitat creation and investigated thrice from spring to fall. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected quantitatively from each site using a Surber sampler and Modified D-frame deep net. After restoration at the two experimental sites, the number of macroinvertebrate species and individuals gradually increased from spring to fall and continued to increase over time with the development of waterside vegetation and habitat stabilization at the experimental sites. The species initially introduced to mountain wetlands after their creation were Ephemera strigata, Ephemera orientalis, Chironomidae sp., and Aquaris paludum. Subsequently, predators such as Davidius lunatus, Sieboldius albardae, Oyamia nigribasis, and Sialis longidens were introduced. Additionally, as a differentiating physicochemical factor between the two habitats, current velocity, which determines the distribution characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates, and water temperature, which impacts the growth of organisms, showed a relatively stronger influence.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.664-671
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the environmental impact of the construction of the Yeongju Dam, located near the upper stream of the Nakdong River, on benthic macroinvertebrates. The investigation was conducted four times from 2015 to 2016 and the composition of the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna from the four surveyed sites was compared. After the dam construction, the number of benthic macroinvertebrate species decreased and the species composition ratio of the E.P.T taxa(Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) decreased, which favored the previous environment and the large riverbed structure. However, the species composition ratio of the O.C.H taxa (Odonata, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera), which favored the reservoir environment, increased. For the pattern of changes in the functional habitat groups, the proportion of 'Clinger(CL)' taxa decreased and the 'Burrower(BU), Climber(CB), Sprawler(SP), Swimmer(SW)' taxa increased in all surveys after the dam construction. A cluster stability comparison showed that the 'Stability Group II' species of St.2 and St.3 showed a drastic decrease. The average Benthic Macroinvertebrate Index(BMI) of all the survey sites in 2016 was lower than that in 2015. This research confirmed the temporal and spatial changes in the habitat type and community structure of the benthic macroinvertebrates resulting from the dam construction.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the changes in the benthic macroinvertebrate community before and after a restoration project in a eutrophic stream. Species diversity and species richness increased at the points where the channel changed from standing water to running water. However, species diversity and richness decreased at the points where only riparian restoration was implemented, and the concentration of suspended solids increased, while biochemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus decreased and the concentration of dissolved oxygen increased. In such reaches, functional feeding groups went from collector-filterers to collector-gatherers, and habitat orientation groups changed from clingers to burrowers.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1007-1021
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• 2018

Community dynamics of benthic macroinvertebrates and biological evaluation of water quality were investigated at Gigyecheon of Pohang and Gyeongju, Korea. The survey was carried out at 8 sites from May to October, 2017. As a result, total of 104 species under 54 families, 15 orders, 8 classes in 4 phyla with 5,052 individuals were revealed. The number of species was the most abundantly identified in aquatic insects, 76 species under 34 families, 6 orders. Among them, the order Odonata was the most abundant taxon as 21 species(20.2%). The most abundant individuals were collected in the phylum Mollusca as 1,453 individuals(28.8%). Various species appeared dominantly at each site by season, and the most dominant species was Caridina denticulata denticulata belonging to the class Malacostraca with 0.08 of dominance index. According to the results of community structure analyses, the diversity and richness indices were the highest at site II, the evenness index was the highest at site I, and the dominance index was the highest at site IV. The number of species and individuals of gathering collectors were the highest among functional feeding groups. Those of sprawlers were the highest among habitat orientation groups. The ESB showed a tendency to change according to season and site, and it was the highest in May at most surveyed sites. The KSI was also somewhat fluctuated according to season and site. From these indices, average biological water quality was evaluated as class II.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.309-318
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• 2013

This study was conducted for determining the influence of artificial structures on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in stream. Sampling was taken at upper(pool), down(riffle) and control(riffle) from two check dams, two weirs, one agricultural reservoir, and one multipurpose dam in northern part of Gyeongsangbuk-do. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of these structures were surveyed during 2009 to 2011. The simple habitat of benthic macroinvertebrates occurred at the upper sites due to pooling effects from artificial structures. Specifically, Check dam1, Jusanji, Imha dam showed very low biological attribute values compared to the down and control sites, which have greater difference in substrate characteristics. However, in the upper sites of Check dam2, Weir1 and Weir2, the difference of values of biological attributes was relatively smaller. Also, proportion of functional feeding groups and functional habit groups were relatively simpler at upper stream and the degree of community differences was greater between upper and down, control sites. Spearman's correlation between biological attributes and substrate characteristics, water quality parameters had significant correlations; particularly, the substrate characteristics were more significantly related. In conclusion, the pool caused by artificial structures had negative effects on benthic macroinvertebrate communities thus leading to simplified stream habitats at upper stream ecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.78-86
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• 2013

Qualitative and quantitative algal survey was conducted from March 2010 to December 2010 on a man-made artificial beach in the Hwawon Resort Complex in order to understand seasonal changes of algal flora. The seasonal change of algal vegetation was compared with intact natural habitat near from the experimental sites. Total 15 algal species were found at the artificial beach; 8 Chlorophyta, 3 Phaeophyta and 4 Rhodophyta. And 38 algal species were found at the natural habitat; 7 Chlorophyta, 9 Phaeophyta and 22 Rhodophyta. Dominant algal species at the artificial beach were Ulva compressa, U. intestinalis, U. prolifera, U. pertusa in winter and Urospora penicilliformis, U. intestinalis, U. compress in summer. In natural habitat, dominant algal species were U. pertusa, U. compressa in winter and Sargassum thunbergii, Ishige okamurae in summer. (R+C)/P explaining spatial distribution of seaweeds was 3.7~4.0 (warm-temperature) in the artificial beach and 2.6~3.4 (polar-temperate) in the natural habitat, respectively. The flora of artificial beach could be classified into the filamentous form (64.4%), the sheet form (21.9%), and the coarsely branched form (13.7%). There was significant difference from the two habitats representing dominant species, distributions and ratio of functional-form groups.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 2013

Benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated in Yongdam-dam and Hapcheon-dam resions from June to October 2011, Korea. Yongdam-dam and Hapcheon-dam are geographically contiguous, but they are classified as other water system. Experiment site(YE-1, 2, 3; HE-1, 2, 3) which is thought to be affected by dam, control site(YC-1, 2; HC-1, 2) which is thought not to be affected by dam were selected. Species composition, macroinvertebrate communities, composition of the functional feeding groups, habitat orientied groups and community stability were assessed Yongdam-dam and Hapcheon-dam regions. Ten sites were selected for quantitative(Surber sampler $30cm{\times}30cm$) of benthic macroinvertebrates. As a results, a total of 6,369 individuals including 69 species, 33 families, 12 orders, 6 classes and 4 phyla were recognized in Yongdam-dam region. Also, a total of 5,728 individuals including 81 species, 44 families, 13 orders, 5 classes and 4 phyla were recognized in Hapcheon-dam region. Dominance index was 0.27~0.50(mean${\pm}$SD $0.38{\pm}0.09$), diversity index was 2.22~2.97($2.67{\pm}0.29$), evenness index was 0.63~0.76($0.72{\pm}0.06$) and richness index was 4.43~7.06($5.69{\pm}0.99$) in Yongdam-dam region. Dominance index was 0.40~0.81($0.59{\pm}0.18$), diversity index was 1.40~2.39($2.00{\pm}0.43$), evenness index was 0.38~0.68($0.56{\pm}0.13$) and richness index was 4.04~5.80($4.95{\pm}0.70$) in Hapcheon-dam region. In the functional feeding groups, filtering-collectors and gathering-collectors were the highest in the whole sites. In the habitat orientied groups, burrowers, clingers and swimmers were considerably occupied in all sites. As a result of community stability analysis, experiment sites has been identified much as species high resistance and resilience to environmental changes in Yongdam-dam. Control sites has been identified much as species low resistance and resilience to environmental changes in Hapcheon-dam. Species belonging to the Igroup is considered to be important in the river ecosystem stability of large dams downstream areas.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2015

The purpose of study is to identify trophic pathways from organic matter to macroinvertebrates in terms of the consumer and to characterize the food webs in an intermittent stream system of the Echi River in Japan. The ${\delta}^{13}C$ values of macroinvertebrates and their potential food sources indicated the scraper (Psephenoides spp., Ecdyonurus levis) and collector-gatherer (Ephemera strigata, Paraleptonphlebia chocolata) feed on periphyton and POM (particulate organic matter) in situ. Davidius lunatus, and Hexatoma spp., which were identified as predators, may feed upon Ephemera strigata and Stenelmis larvae, respectively. At station characterized by seepage water, the ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of Ecdyonurus levis, Lymnaea auricularia, and Rhyacophila nigrocephala larva probably showed relatively lower values according to its diets. Even in homogenous species, the trophic pathways of macroinvertebrates in situ exhibited considerable variation; this reflected the trophic pathways from organic matter to the consumer depending on habitat characteristics in stream.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.363-373
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• 2022

On April 29, 2021 (1st), June 2 (2nd), and August 17 (3rd), we surveyed benthic macroinvertebrates fauna at Muljangori-oreum wetland in Bonggae-dong, Jeju Island, Korea. Muljangori-oreum wetland was divided into four areas. The survey was conducted in three accessible areas (areas 1-3). As a result of habitat environment analysis, the average monthly temperature from 2017 to 2021 was the highest in July and August and the lowest in December and February. This pattern was repeated. As a result of analyzing changes in vegetation and water surface area through satellite images, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) increased from February to July and decreased after July. Normalized difference water index (NDWI) was analyzed to show an inverse relationship. A total of 21 species from 13 families were identified in the qualitative survey and a total of 412 individuals of 24 species from 15 families were identified in the quantitative survey. A total of 26 species from 17 families, 8 orders, 3 classes, and 2 phyla of benthic macroinvertebrates were identified. The dominant species was Chronomidae spp. with 132 individuals (32.04%). Noterus japonicus was a subdominant species with 71 individuals (17.23%). As a result of comparative analysis of species identified in this study and the literature, it was confirmed that species diversity was high for Coleoptera and Odonata. Main functional feeding groups (FFGs) were found to be predators. Habitat orientation groups (HOGs) were found to be swimmers. In OHC (Odonata, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera) group, 17 species (73.91%) in 2021, 23 species (79.31%) in 2016, 26 species (86.67%) in 2018, and 19 species (79.17%) in 2019 were identified. Cybister japonicus, an endangered species II, was confirmed to inhabit Muljangori-oreum wetland in the literature. Ten individuals (2.43%) were also confirmed to inhabit Muljangori-oreum wetland in 2021. Therefore, continuous management and habitat protection are required to maintain the habitat environment of C. japonicus in Muljangori-oreum wetland.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.353-361
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine the effects of sedimentation caused by highland agriculture on benthic macroinvertbrate assemblages in upper Song Stream from 2006 to 2009. The mean concentrations of water quality parameters (pH, DO, EC, TDS, TN, and TP) were gradually increasing toward downstream but ORP was decreased. Furthermore, biological habitats at lower reaches were more homogeneous and unstable due to sand deposition than those at upper sites. A total 106 species of benthic macroinvertbrates in 47 families, 11 orders, 6 classes, and 5 phyla were identified during whole field surveys. Song Stream showed great declines of overall biological attributes along its longitudinal gradients, particularly in taxa richness and abundance. Of all functional groups scrapers and clingers were most affected against the degradation of habitat quality, whereas collector-gatherers and burrowers showed the opposite case. It was found that such results had close correlations with water quality parameters and substrate composition which played an important role in structuring macroinvertebrate communities. In conclusion, this study represents that disturbance caused by highland agricultural activities had negative effects on benthic macroinvertebrate communities by leading to sand deposition at adjacent stream ecosystems.