• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2002

We report a preliminary fMRI evidence of modulation of somatomotor areas by acupuncture in GB34 acupoint. GB34, located in the back of the knee, is known to be effective in recovering motor function after stroke. Using 3T MR scanner, functional MR imaging was performed in five normal volunteers in two stimulation paradigms; acupuncture manipulation on GB34 and sham points. Group analysis form five individuals showed that bilateral sensorimotor areas (BA 3,4,6 and 7) showed stimulation related BOLD signal contrast of approximately 6% whereas very few areas were activated when sham stimulation is given. Our results suggest that acupuncture fMRI study can be safely conducted in 3T environment and stimulation in GB34 modulate the cortical activities of the somatomotor area in human.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the psychosocial characteristics of patients diagnosed with functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) by classifying them into irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), functional constipation (FC), functional heartburn (FH) groups, and overlap group (two or more functional diseases) and to examine the factors associated with the quality of life (QoL) of patients with FGID. Methods : A total of 144 patients who were diagnosed with FGID were selected as the subjects. The demographical factors were investigated; Korean-Beck Depression Inventory-II (K-BDI-II), Korean-Beck Anxiety Inventory (K-BAI), Korean version of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (K-CTQ), Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Korean Version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (K-CD-RISC), and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument Brief Form (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to evaluate the psychosocial factors. Results : TThe overlap group had a significantly higher K-BDI-II score (F=11.09, p<0.001) and K-BAI score (F=8.93, p<0.001) compared to other groups. In childhood trauma, the IBS patients had a difference in emotional neglect (F=2.54, p=0.04) than the FD patients. The QoL of FGID patients had a negative correlation with depression (r=-0.196, p<0.01), anxiety (r=-0.235, p<0.01), and childhood trauma (r=-0.222, p<0.01), and a positive correlation with social support (r=0.512, p<0.01) and resilience (r=0.581, p<0.01). Conclusions : Overlap group had a higher level of depression and anxiety, and the IBS patient group had a higher level of emotional neglect than the FD patient group in terms of childhood trauma.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.498-503
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• 2016

The characteristics of aqueous lithium recovery by ion exchange were studied using three commercial cation exchange resins: CMP28 (porous type strong acid exchange resin), SCR-B (gel type strong acid exchange resin) and WK60L (porous type weak acid exchange resin). CMP28 was the most effective material for aqueous lithium recovery; its performance was even enhanced by modifying the cation with $K^+$. A comparison to $Na^+$ and $H^+$ form resins demonstrated that the performance enhancement is reciprocally related to the electronegativity of the cation form. Further kinetic and equilibrium isotherm studies with the $K^+$ form CMP28 showed that aqueous lithium recovery by ion exchange was well fitted with the pseudo-second-order rate equation and the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum ion exchange capacity of aqueous lithium recovery was found to be 14.28 mg/g and the optimal pH was in the region of 4-10.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2015

To develop an effective and efficient measurement system for tracking changes of functional status across two measures, it is essential to integrate information and communicate scores across two measures. The lack of communication between two measures leads to score incompatibility. A potential solution would be the development of a crosswalk table between those measures. Prior to creating a crosswalk table, selecting common items between two measures is critical. By using the Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire (Oswestry) and a short form measuring disability resulting from low back pain, item level statistics as well as differential item functioning (DIF) using the Rasch measurement were investigated. Eighty-two participants with known group validity were recruited. Based on the application of the Rasch measurement model, item difficulties across the two measures were logically and hierarchically ordered. Ceiling effects for both measures were detected, which were not be able to be effectively measured with the two measures. The DIF analysis across the two measures confirmed that five paired items were found to have DIF and five common items were selected for common items. Although five paired items function differently across the Oswestry and the short form, all items of both measures were well targeted study participants. The common items selected by the Rasch measurement model may be effective when creating a crosswalk table between the Oswestry and the short form.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.761-763
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• 2001

Dendrimers represent a new class of synthetic macromolecules characterized by a regularly branched treelike structure. Dendrimer can be made with high regularity and controlled molecular weight. Peculiar features of the dendritic geometry are the large number of end groups as well as the shape persistence in higher generations, approaching spherical geometry. One of the most peculiar characteristics of dendritic macromolecules is their controlled molecular structure and orientation, which means that they have a practical application in achieving a highly organized molecular arrangement. We attempted to fabricate a G4-48PyA dendrimer LB films containing 48 pyridinealdoxime functional end group that could form a complex structure with metal ions. Also, we investigated the surface activity of dendrimer films at air-water interface. And we have studied the electrical properties of the ultra-thin dendrimer LB films. The electrical properties of the ultra-thin dendrimer LB films were investigated by studying the current-voltage(I-V) characteristics of metal/dendrimer LB films/metal (MIM) structure. And rectifying behavior of the devices was occurred in applied field.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.769-772
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• 2002

Dendrimers are well-defined macromolecules exhibiting a tree-like structure, first derived by the cascade molecule approach. Peculiar features of the dendritic geometry are the large number of end groups as well as the shape persistence in higher generations, approaching spherical geometry. And one of the most peculiar characteristics of dendritic macromolecules is their controlled molecular structure and orientation, which means that they have a practical application in achieving a highly organized molecular arrangement. We attempted to fabricate a dendrimer LB films containing 48 pyridinepropanol functional end group. As the pyridinepropanol functional group could form a complex structure with metal ions. We investigated the surface activity of dendrimer films at air-water interface compared with pure dendrimer and its complex with $Fe^{2+}$ ions into subphase. We though that metal ions are contributed to networking or branching reaction between dendrimers. And we expected that it can result in the differences on the electrical properties. We have studied the electrical properties of the ultra thin dendrimer LB films investigated by the current-voltage characteristics of metal dendrimer LB films/metal (MIM) structure.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.905-909
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• 2010

Magnetic beads (Dynabeads$^{(R)}$) embedded in ~1 micron size polystyrene beads bearing surface carboxylic acid groups were modified with aminobenzyl ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (ABEDTA) to concentrate or separate metal ions using pH gradients on micro and nano scales. The immobilization of ABEDTA was achieved by amide formation. The presence of the metal chelating functional group in the fully deprotonated form was confirmed by FT-IR. The chelation efficiency of beads was tested by determining metal ions in supernatant using GFAAS when pH gradients from 3 to 7. Mixtures of Cu and Mg and of Cd and Mn (at 10 ng/mL of metal) were separated as the difference in formation constant with the functional group of ABEDTA. The separation was repeated twice with relative standard deviation of <18%. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchip column packed with EDTA-coated magnetic beads was optimized to concentrate metal ion for practical applications by eluting a Cu solution of micro scale at pH 3.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.108-115
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• 2023

Numerous psychotropic and addictive substances possess structural features similar to those of β-phenethylamine (β-PEA). In this study, we selected 29 β-PEA derivatives and determined their structure-activity relationship (SAR) to their ability to inhibit dopamine (DA) reuptake; conducted docking simulation for two selected compounds; and identified their potential functionals. The compounds were subdivided into arylethylamines, 2-(alkyl amino)-1-arylalkan-1-one derivatives and alkyl 2-phenyl-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate derivatives. An aromatic group, alkyl group, and alkylamine derivative were attached to the arylethylamine and 2-(alkyl amino)-1-arylalkan-1-one derivatives. The inhibitory effect of the compounds on dopamine reuptake increased in the order of the compounds substituted with phenyl, thiophenyl, and substituted phenyl groups in the aromatic position; compounds with longer alkyl groups and smaller ring-sized compounds at the alkylamine position showed stronger inhibitory activities. Docking simulation conducted for two compounds, 9 and 28, showed that the (S)-form of compound 9 was more stable than the (R)-form, with a good fit into the binding site covered by helices 1, 3, and 6 of human dopamine transporter (hDAT). In contrast, the (R, S)-configuration of compound 28 was more stable than that of other isomers and was firmly placed in the binding pocket of DAT bound to DA. DA-induced endocytosis of dopamine D₂ receptors was inhibited when they were co-expressed with DAT, which lowered extracellular DA levels, and uninhibited when they were pretreated with compound 9 or 28. In summary, this study revealed critical structural features responsible for the inhibition of DA reuptake and the functional role of DA reuptake inhibitors in regulating D₂ receptor function.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2008

Tautomerism of pyrimidine base cytosine has been comparatively examined on nanoparticle and roughened plate surfaces of silver, gold, and copper by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The SERS spectrum was found to be different depending on the metals and their substrate conditions suggesting the dissimilar population of various tautomers of cytosine on the surfaces. The ab initio calculations were performed at the levels of B3LYP, HF, and MP2 levels of theory with the LanL2DZ basis set to estimate the energetic stability of the tautomers with the metal complexes as well as the gas phase state. The amino group and N3-coordinated tautomer was predicted to be more favorable for bonding to Au, whereas the hydroxyl and N1-coordinated zwitter ionic form is most stable with Ag and Cu as a bidentate form from the DFT calculation. The binding energy with the Ag atom is calculated to be smaller than those with the Au and Cu atoms in line with the temperature-dependent SERS spectra of cytosine.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.27-37
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• 2022

With the recent increase in the spread of ESS (Electric Storage System), the damage to human life and property is also rapidly increasing due to continuous fires caused by ESS. In the manufacture of urethane sandwich panels used in ESS, it is necessary to improve the flame retardant performance. In this study, in order to realize the flame retardant properties of flexible polyurethane foam, the effect of the tissue density of the product due to the change of the isocyanate functional group parameter that changes the physical properties of the product on the fire performance was studied. The product was manufactured by changing the density of the urethane structure, and combustion performance tests, gas toxicity tests, and smoke density tests were performed. As a result, it was confirmed that the total amount of heat released had excellent performance when the isocyanate functional group was high, and had no correlation with the maximum heat release rate. When the value of the isocyanate functional group was 2.7 or more, the collapse of the shape could be prevented. In the gas hazard test, the performance was increased when the isocyanate functional group was relatively high, so a flame retardant for the Char system, which had a dense structure and easy to form a carbonized film, was added. confirmed to be. Therefore, as a result of this study, it is thought that it will be possible to lay the foundation for the development of a flame retardant to replace the cheap urethane sandwich panel used in the past.