• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2015

Background: Repair of superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesion in patients older than 40 years is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of arthroscopic repair of SLAP lesions between younger and older patient groups. Methods: We reviewed 50 patients with isolated type II SLAP lesions who underwent arthroscopic repair. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 20 patients aged <40 years, and group 2 included 30 patients aged ${\geq}40years$. Functional outcome at the final follow-up was assessed using a visual analog scale for pain and satisfaction, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons form, Constant score, University of California at Los Angeles score, and periodic change in range of motion (ROM). Anatomical outcome was evaluated using computed tomography (CT) arthrography at least 1 year after surgery. Results: No significant differences in functional scores or postoperative ROM were observed between the 2 groups. In group 2, later recovery of ROM (forward flexion, p=0.025; internal rotation, p=0.034) and lower satisfaction score (p=0.06) were observed for atraumatic patients (n=16) compared to patients with traumatic injury (n=14). Fifteen patients in group 1 (15/17, 88%) and 21 patients in group 2 (21/26, 81%) demonstrated a healed labrum on postoperative CT arthrography, and this difference was not significant. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that arthroscopic repair of type II SLAP lesions can yield good functional and anatomical outcomes regardless of age, if patient selection is adequate. However, the delay in ROM recovery and lower satisfaction, particularly in older patients without traumatic injury, should be considered.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
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• pp.207-210
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• 2008

In this paper, we researched the dielectric properties and voltage dependence on slice XLPE sheet from 22[kV] and 154[kV] power cable. We studied effects for impurities and water for semiconductor shield through a dielectric properties experiment to estimate performance of insulating materials in power cable. Capacitance and $tan{\delta}$ of 22[kV], 154[kV] were 53/43[pF] and $7.4{\times}10^{-4}$, $2.1510^{-4}$. In these results, the trend was increased with the increase of temperature. The tan6 of XLPE/semiconductor layer was increased as compared with that of XLPE. Dielectric properties reliability of tan6 was small. Also, To improve mean-life and reliability of power cable in this study, we have investigated chemical properties showing by changing the content of carbon black that is semiconductive additives for underground power transmission. Specimens were made of sheet form with the three of existing resins and the nine of specimens for measurement. Chemical properties of specimens was measured by FT-ATR (Fourier Transform Attenuated Total Reflectance). The condition of specimens was a solid sheet. We could observe functional group (C=O, carbonyl group) of specimens through FT-ATR. From these experimental result, the concentration of functional group (C=O) was high according to increasing the content of carbon black. We could know EEA was excellent more than other specimens from above experimental results.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 1997

Since there are three hydroxyl groups on each anhydroglucose ring of the cellulose, the renewable resources, we can get various functional papers by the chemical modification of cellulose. The reaction involving the introduction of the ${\beta}$-cyanoethyl ($-CH_2-CH_2$-CN) group into organic substances containing reactive hydrogen atoms is known as cyanoethylation. Cellulose reacts with acrylonitrile in the presence of strong alkalis in a typical manner of primary and secondary alcohols to form cyanoethyl ethers. In cyanoethylation, important factors of reaction are temperature, concentration of the NaOH, and addition rate of acrylronitrile. FT-IR spectra of cyanoethyl group was confirmed at $2250cm^{-1}$, which corresponds the introduction of aliphatic nitrile group. Effect of cyanoethyl DS(degree of substitution) on strength properties was resulted that cyanoethylated BKP of DS 0.04 appeared to be the best choice for overall strength properties. Also, excellent thermal stability in aging characteristics was obtained.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2003

We synthesized dendrimers containing light switchable units, azobenzene group. And the dendrimer containing 48 pyridinepropanol functional end group, which could form a complex structure with metal ions was synthesized. To apply to the molecular level devices or data storage system using Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) film, we firstly investigated the monolayer behavior using the surface pressure-area($\pi$-A) isotherms at air-water interface. And then the surface pressure shift of monolayer by light irradiation was also measured to the dendrimer with azobezene group. As a result, the monolayer of dendrimer with azobenzene group showed the reversible photo-switching behavior by the isomerization of azobenzene group in their periphery. The samples for electrical measurement were fabricated to two types which were pure dendrimer with pyridinepropanol group and its complexes with $Pt^4+$ ions by LB method. We have studied the electrical properties of the ultra thin dendrimer LB films investigated by the current-voltage(I-V) characteristics of Metal/Dendrimer LB films/Metal(MIM) structure. And we have investigated different results in the surface activity at the air-water interface as well as the electrical properties for the monolayers of pure dendrimer with pyridinevopanol group and its complex with $Pt^4+$ ions. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that the metal ion around dendrimer with pyri야nepropanol group can contribute to make formation of network structure among dendrimers and it result from the change of electrical properties. This results suggest that the dendrimers with azobenzene group and pvridinedropanol group can be applied to high efficient nano-device of molecular level.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.201-201
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• 2003

We synthesized dendrimers containing light switchable units, azobenzene group. And the dendrimer containing 48 pyridinepropanol functional end group, which could form a complex structure with metal ions was synthesized. To apply to the molecular level devices or data storage system using Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) film, we firstly investigated the monolayer behavior using the surface pressure-area($\pi$-A) isotherms at air-water interface. And then the surface pressure shift of monolayer by light irradiation was also measured to the dendrimer with azobezene group. As a result, the monolayer of dendrimer with azobenzene group showed the reversible photo-switching behavior by the isomerization of azobenzene group in their periphery. The samples for electrical measurement were fabricated to two types which were pure dendrimer with pyridinepropanol group and its complexes with $Pt^4+$ ions by LB method. We have studied the electrical properties of the ultra thin dendrimer LB films investigated by the current-voltage(I-V) characteristics of Metal/Dendrimer LB films/Metal(MIM) structure. And we have investigated different results in the surface activity at the air-water interface as well as the electrical properties for the monolayers of pure dendrimer with pyridinevopanol group and its complex with $Pt^4+$ ions. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that the metal ion around dendrimer with pyri야nepropanol group can contribute to make formation of network structure among dendrimers and it result from the change of electrical properties. This results suggest that the dendrimers with azobenzene group and pvridinedropanol group can be applied to high efficient nano-device of molecular level.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra treatment in persons with tension-type headaches on pain, tenderness, and functional improvement. Design: Three-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Subjects with tension-type headaches were divided into the temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra treatment group (n=11), temporomandibular joint treatment group (n=11), and cervical vertebra treatment group (n=11), and pre- and post-evaluation was performed. The temporomandibular joint treatment group underwent compression massage and joint ply of the muscles around the temporomandibular joint. The cervical vertebra group received deep tendon massage and Myofascial Release of the cervical muscles. The temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra treatment group performed both types of treatment. Treatment was performed for 50 minutes, three times a week for 4 weeks. Measurement tools included the Korean version of the short form-McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ, K), Headache Impact test-6 (HIT-6), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and the Digital Algometer FPX25. Results: The groups showed significant differences in SF-MPQ, HIT-6 test, NDI, and Alogometer FPX25 test scores before and after intervention (p<0.05). The differences between the groups were most significant in the group that received treatment of the temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, the treatment of the temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra was shown to be effective for improving pain, quality of life, and cervical vertebra in persons with tension-type headaches. This data may be helpful in identifying treatment techniques for tension-type headaches in the future.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.664-673
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• 2009

An intertidal marine benthic algal vegetation and vertical distribution at Youngil Bay, the eastern coast of Korea was investigated to clarify the community structure and vertical distribution by quadrat method from February 2003 to January 2009. Marine algae identified from the area were 152 species; 25 green, 38 brown and 89 red algae. The dominant species were Ulva spp., Ulva pertusa, Chaetomorpha moniligera, Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum horneri, S. miyabei, S. thunbergii, Gelidium amansii, Corallina pilulifera, Grateloupia elliptica, G. filicina, Prionitis cornea, Chondrus ocellatus, Chondracanthus intermedia, Acrosorium polyneurum, Chondria crassicaulis, Polysiphonia morrowii and Symphyocladia latiuscula at study sites. The vertical distribution of intertidal marine algae was divided into three distinct zones. They were characterized by Porphyra spp. and Ulva spp. at the upper, Ulva spp. and Ulva pertusa at the middle, and Sargassum spp., Gelidium amansii, Grateloupia spp., Chondrus ocellatus and Chondria crassicaulis at the lower zones, respectively. Functional form group analysis showed that coarsely branched forms comprised 44.7% of the algal community, whereas thick leathery forms, sheet forms and filamentous forms comprised 6.6-25.7%. R/P, C/P and (R+C)/P values were 2.34, 0.66 and 3.00, respectively.

• ALGAE
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2008

Marine algal flora and community structure were seasonally examined at three sites in the vicinity of the Wolseong nuclear power plant in Korea from February to November 2006. A total of 126 seaweeds including 25 green, 31 brown, 70 red algae, and 1 marine plant were identified. The greatest number of species occurred at Jeonchonri (101 species) followed by intake (88 species) and discharge (29 species) during the study period. Of 126 seaweeds, 76 annuals and 13 warm tolerance species were recorded. Dominant species based on important value (IV > 10) were Ulva pertusa and Enteromorpha linza at intake, U. pertusa and Padina arborescens at discharge, and Sargassum horneri and Corallina pilulifera at Jeonchonri shore. Annual average biomass exhibited a wide range of variations, from 40.67g m-2 in dry weight at discharge to 133.69g m-2 at Jeonchonri. Among six functional groups, dominant group was coarsely-branched form at intake and Jeonchonri, but it was different at discharge site as filamentous form. Seaweed community structures of discharge site were distinguishable in decreasing species richness, biomass, species diversity index (H’), richness index (R), and evenness index (J’). Also, the ratios of green algae, warm tolerance species, annual algae, filamentous form and dominance index (DI) remarkably increased. Such phenomenons of discharge site are usually found under environmentally stressful conditions such as high disturbance. Thus, I can conclude that the heated effluents of nuclear power plant act as environmental stress influencing seaweed community structures and it can be detected with various community indices.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2003

Objectives: To analyze the postoperative functional outcome of shoulder in patients with arthroscopically assisted repair of large to massive rotator cuff tears with or without acromioplasty and role of acromioplasty. Materials and Methods: From June 1996 to June 2002, twenty six patients with large to massive rotator cuff tears were undergone arthroscopically assisted repair. Mean follow up was over one year. Fourteen were male and twelve were female. Mean age was 51 years old(39-66). Mean duration was 9 months. Acromioplasty was done in 14 cases concomitantly. They were divided into two groups. Group I: arthroscopic cuff repair with acromioplasty(14 cases). Group II: arthroscopic cuff repair without acromioplasty(12 cases). Each shoulder was evaluated at preoperative and final follow-up with Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), University of Pennsylvania Patient self-assessment of pain, University of Pennsylvania Patient self-assessment of function, ASES standardized shoulder assessment form, Simple Shoulder Test, UCLA score and range of motion(ROM). We analyzed the differences between the two groups. Shoulder ROM and acromioplasty were determining factors. Statistics was tested by correlation analysis and repeated measure ANOVA test. Results: At the final follow up, functional outcome and pain were improved but they had no statistical significance between the two groups(p>0.05). Combined procedure, acromioplasty, didn't affect on VAS. UCLA score, University of Pennsylvania Patient self-assessment of pain, University of Pennsylvania Patient self-assessment of function, ASf:S standardized shoulder assessment form and Simple Shoulder Test(p>0.05). In group II, forward flexion and abduction were statistically improved at the final follow up than in group I(p<0.05). Conclusions: It appears that arthroscopic repair is satisfactory procedure in patients with large to massive cuff tears. Combined procedure, acromioplasty, doesn't affect on postoperative functional outcome of shoulder.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.613-626
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• 2014

독도 해역의 해조류는 2013년 5월과 7월에 14개 정점에서 정성채집 하였으며, 대황의 생태학적 역할을 확인하기 위하여 7월과 11월에 23개체를 채집하여 부착기에 서식하는 해조류와 동물을 동정하였다. 대황의 줄기길이와 무게의 회귀식으로 생물량을 측정하였다. 해조류는 녹조류 18종, 갈조류 35종과 홍조류 75종을 포함하여 총 128종이 관찰되었으며, 성긴분기형이 47.66%로 가장 우점하였고 안정된 환경에 서식하는 ESG I그룹에 속하는 종이 91종(71.09%)이었다. 또한, R/P, C/P, (R+C)/P는 2.14, 0.51과 2.66으로 온대성과 혼합성 해조상을 보였다. 대황의 생물량은 $23.74kg\;m^{-2}$이고 밀도는 64 fronds $m^{-2}$로 확인되었다. 한편, 대황의 부착기에서 해조류 12종과 동물 83종(환형 15종, 연체 25종, 절지 34종, 극피 3종, 기타 6종)의 1,248개체가 동정되어 생태학적으로 매우 중요한 핵심종으로 확인되었으며, 넓은마디육질꼬리옆새우붙이가 538개체(43.11%)로 가장 우점하였다. 본 연구 결과 독도의 해조류 출현종수는 이전 연구에 비해 증가하였고 성긴분기형과 ESG I 해조류가 우점하는 것으로 나타나 현재까지 독도 연안의 환경은 매우 안정된 상태라고 판단된다.