• 무역상무연구
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• 제42권
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• pp.89-107
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• 2009

The latest UCP, Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, 2007 Revision, ICC Publication No.600 has been adopted by most banks in the world since July 1, 2007. This work intends to study some points for practical attention of UCP 600 in the field of examining documents and defining some words. Some points for practical attention of UCP 600 in the field of examining documents include the period for examining documents, the conflict with data in the documents, and the fulfilling the function of documents. Some points for practical attention of UCP 600 in the field of defining some words include the complying presentation, negotiation, and nominated banks. Furthermore, this work studies some points for practical attention of UCP 600 in relation to the nomination and the missing in the course of sending documents.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2000

A new frame synchronization confirmation technique using a pilot pattern of both uplink and downlink channels is proposed for W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) system. It is shown that by using this technique, we can cancel the side lobe for autocorrelation functions of the frame synchronization words of pilot pattern have the maximum to-of-phase autocorrelation value "4" with two peak values equal in magnitude and opposite in polarity at zero and middle shifts. Due to this side lobe cancellation effect, therefore, the autocorrelation function of the frame synchronization words becomes ideal for the frame synchronization confirmation since double maximum correlation values equal in magnitude and opposite polarity at zero ad middle shifts can be achieved. This property can be used to double check frame synchronization timing and thus. improve the frame synchronization confirmation performance.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제23권2E호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a style-specific language model adaptation scheme using n-gram based tf*idf similarity for Korean spontaneous speech recognition. Korean spontaneous speech shows especially different style-specific characteristics such as filled pauses, word omission, and contraction, which are related to function words and depend on preceding or following words. To reflect these style-specific characteristics and overcome insufficient data for training language model, we estimate in-domain dependent n-gram model by relevance weighting of out-of-domain text data according to their n-. gram based tf*idf similarity, in which in-domain language model include disfluency model. Recognition results show that n-gram based tf*idf similarity weighting effectively reflects style difference.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2000년도 7월 학술대회지
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• pp.283-300
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• 2000

This paper is intended to suggest how to improve Korean high school students' awareness of the pronunciation in order to foster communicative effectiveness. Initially it is focused on the tasks of listening to the suprasegmental aspects. The strategies used in the listening process are (1)discerning intonation units, (2)recognizing rhythm pattern, and (3)identifying contraction and linking in connected speech. The tasks including in each process are listening discrimination, guided practice activity, and listening and speaking activity. The teacher should avoid methods which yield discouraging outcomes and try to help students enjoy experience of success in doing exercises and activities. So I suggested: students put the slash on the pause perceptible to chunk the stream of speech into the intonation units, and mark the content words to internalize English rhythm. And then I suggested that students listen to pop song English in order to improve the awareness of function words and connected speech in the intonation unit.

• 음성과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2001

Language is one aspect of cognition, along with attention and concentration, learning and memory, visuospatial abilities, and executive function. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of language intervention by cognitive approach on language expressive performance in a patient with conduction aphasia. This study used several tasks such as Attention and concentration task, visual memory tasks, memory tasks, categorization, divergent thinking, self-monitoring and evaluate thinking. The effects of treatment were evaluated by periodic probing of both trained and untrained familiar words in three tasks; picture naming, answering to questions and telling stories. The results showed improvements both in trained and untrained words. Therefore, we concluded that expressive language performance of this aphasic patient is amenable to this intervention, and that cognitive therapy approach can be useful.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2001년도 추계학술발표논문집 (상)
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• pp.801-804
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• 2001

This article is concerned with automatic segmentation of two adjacent vowels for speech signals. All kinds of transition case of adjacent vowels can be characterized by spectrogram. Firstly the voiced-speech is extracted by the histogram analysis of vowel indicator which consists of wavelet low pass components. Secondly given phonetic transcription and transition pattern spectrogram, the voiced-speech portion which has consecutive vowels automatically segmented by the template matching. The cross-correlation function is adapted as a template matching method and the modified correlation coefficient is calculated for all frames. The largest value on the modified correlation coefficient series indicates the boundary of two consecutive vowel sounds. The experiment is performed for 154 vowel transition sets. The 154 spectrogram templates are gathered from 154 words(PRW Speech DB) and the 161 test words(PBW Speech DB) which are uttered by 5 speakers were tested. The experimental result shows the validity of the method.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제19권
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• pp.295-311
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• 2010

The concept of frame in semantics has implications for our understanding of such problematic terms as "meaning" and "concept". It is conventional to say that a particular word corresponds to a particular "concept" and to assume that concepts are essentially identical across speakers. In contrast, the notion of frame accepts that the frame for a particular word can vary across speakers as a function of their particular life experience. To say, instead of thinking in terms of words as expressing "concepts", we should think of them as tools, like frames, that cause listeners to activate certain areas of their knowledge base, with different areas activated to different degrees in different contexts of use. This notion is Fillmore's most crucial contribution to current cognitive linguistic theories, and his frame semantics is built on such a notion. This paper discusses the basic assumptions and goals of frame semantics, and examines the notion of frame and illustrates various framing words of English and Korean under such a notion.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2021

The application of e-Voting plays an important role in order to support democracy activities in Indonesia, such as elections at different levels. E-Voting has the function of providing better service to people in order to participate in elections. This research attempts to develop the appearance of the user interface of e-Voting based on users' emotional preferences using Kansei Engineering. Kansei Engineering is used in this research to analyze emotional feelings regarding e-Voting applications' presented Kansei words and give a recommendation on the most suitable user interface to be considered in their development. This research observed two main users' emotional feelings ("calm" and "formal") selected from ten Kansei words. The final recommendation is a conceptual element designed for designing e-Voting applications based on the Kansei word "calm".

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2012

This article was intended as fundamental materials to recognize the current status of furniture hard ware in Korean market and to fix the identity of Korean furniture, by investigating and comparing the furniture hard ware used in the Joseon era and in modern times by type, function, shape and material. The analysis of furniture hard ware of the Joseon era and modern times from the view of functional aspects was oriented to the hard ware necessary to open and close the door & drawer on one side, and to that being attached to the main body of furniture not to scratch the wood by another wood on the other side, and from this the following conclusion was drawn. First of all, "Gwangdoojung" - a kind of spike- and metal decoration on the edge of the furniture disappeared, while the function-oriented hard wares have been diversified in modern times, from the perspective of the change of kinds. Second, the functional aspect of the furniture hard ware was emphasized in modern times than the Joseon era. In other words, the hard wares of the Joseon era came into view due to their strong appeal to decoration, whereas those of modern times were mostly hidden or moderated, keeping the function substantially. Third, the hard wares from the Joseon era were shown in concrete and detailed shape motivated by natural objects and furthermore even gloriously, but the modern hard wares are simple & basic geometry, from a formative point of view. Fourth, the material aspects present that the Joseon era's hard ware was mainly cast iron, whereas that of modern times shows the diversification from metal to even plastic. Finally, the recent trend in naming of the hard wares is the words of foreign origin. This resulted from that the foreign names of hard wares are valid also after import process in Korean market, so the domestic development of hard ware as the essential factor for the furniture design is urgently necessary to establish the identity of Korean modern furniture.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제30권7_8호
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• pp.659-671
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 결정 목록을 이용해서 단어 의미 중의성을 해결하는 방법을 제안한다. 결정 목록은 하나 이상의 규칙으로 구성되며, 각 규칙에는 신뢰도가 부여되어 있고, 규칙은 불린 함수(=조건, precondition 와 부류(=의미, class)로 구성되어 있다. 분류 대상이 만족하는 불린 함수를 가진 규칙들 중에서 가장 신뢰도가 높은 규칙에 의해서 분류 대상의 부류가 정해진다. 기존 방법에서는 하나의 자질로 하나의 불린 함수를 구성하는 단일 자질 결정 목록을 이용해서 단어 의미 중의성을 해결했다. 이 경우, 자료 부족 문제와 전처리 과정의 오류에 민감하게 반응한다는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 단일자질 결정 목록의 문제점을 해결하기 위해서, 하나 이상의 자질로 불린 함수를 구성하는 다중 자질 결정 목록을 제안하고, 다중 자질 결정 목록을 이용하여, 단어 의미 중의성을 해결하는 방법을 기술하고 있다. 단일 자질 결정 목록과 다중 자질 결정 목록을 비교하기 위해서, 1개의 한국어 의미 부착 말뭉치와 5개의 영어 의미 부착 말뭉치를 대상으로 단어 의미 중의성 해결 실험을 했다. 실험 결과 6개의 말뭉치 모두에 서 다중 자질 결정 목록이 단일 자질 결정 목록에 비해서 더 좋은 결과를 나타냈다.