• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2016

본 연구는 S. Typhimurium을 대상으로 paraformaldehyde 35%를 함유한 훈증소독제의 살균효과를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 예비 시험에서, S. Typhimurium의 현탁액 균수는 모두 $3.9{\times}10^8CFU/mL$이었으며, 훈증소독제에 노출시킨 모든 담체의 균수는 평판배지법과 여과법으로 배양한 시험균주 현탁액의 균수의 50%보다 많았다. 또한, 대조 담체로부터 회복된 S. Typhimurium 균수는 모두 $3.3{\times}10^6CFU/mL$이었다. 훈증소독제의 살균효과 시험에서는, 훈증 소독제를 처리한 담체의 S. Typhimurium의 감소 균수는 5.22 log CFU/mL로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터, paraformaldehyde를 주성분으로 하는 훈증소독제는 S. Typhimurium에 대해 효과적인 살균력을 갖는 것으로 확인되었으며, 병원성 세균에 오염된 식품재료 및 주방용품의 소독에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.487-497
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• 2018

Controlling of microorganisms in the industrial process is important for production and distribution of hatching and table eggs. In the previous study, we reported that chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) gas of a proper concentration and humidity can significantly reduce the load of Salmonella spp. on eggshells. In this study, we compared microbial reduction efficacy on egg's surface using hatching eggs and table eggs, internal quality of table eggs, and hatchability after both the conventional method (washing and UV expose, fumigation with formalin) and $ClO_2$ gas disinfection. Application of 40 ppm $ClO_2$ gas to the table and hatching eggs, respectively, reduced the aerobic plate count (APC) with no statistical difference compared with the conventional methods. Additionally, we didn't observed that any significant difference in albumin height, Haugh unit (HU), and yolk color, this result confirms that 40 ppm $ClO_2$ had no effect on the internal quality of the table eggs, when comparing with the UV treatment method. The hatchability of hatching eggs was not statistical different between formaldehyde fumigation and 80 ppm $ClO_2$ gas treatment, though the value was decreased at high concentration of 160 ppm $ClO_2$ gas. From these results, we recommend that $ClO_2$ gas can be used as a safe disinfectant to effectively control egg surface microorganisms without affecting egg quality.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권19호
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• pp.133-158
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• 1998

There are about 2,000 species of termite in the World, but one species of termite inhabits in the southern part of Korean peninsula. Termites are social insects that live in colonies. The colonies are composed of king, queen, soldiers and workers. Termite food consists of cellulose obtained from wood. Protozoa in their digestive tracts convert the cellulose into usable food. Korean termite is a subspecies of Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe, Rhinotermitidae. It's subterranean termite and the scientic name is R. speratus kyushensis Morimoto. The subterranean termite must nest in the soil in order to survival, and infest soft-wood which contact with the soil near the nest. There are several ways which subterranean termite infestations can be noticed. Atcertain times of the year during daylight hours, king and queen termites emerge from the colonies. The propose of these flight is to establish new colonies. The termite is a decomposer of biological ecosystem, but an invader in the preservation of cultural properties as like wood buildings. There are serveral control methods for the prevention of wood building from termite's damages. Those are biological control, ecological control, physical control and chemical control. Ecological and Physical control are the best methods in the new constructing wood-building. Fumigation which is a method of chemical control, is the best method for the building damaged by the termite. After the fumigation, we have totake wood & soil treatments for the building and nearby in order not to be reinvaded by the termites.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2018

Termites are important sub-baits of natural ecosystems and are beneficial insects that are natural decomposer. However, the building materials used by human beings can not coexist with each other on timber which is a termite food. As of 2017, due to fertile forests, warming, and the spread of boilers, termite damage to timber construction is increasingly occurring day by day. Currently, Korea utilizes fumigation, Beit system, preserved wood, etc. of chemical products as termite control measures. But in the case of control measures, timber that has already been eaten by termites can not serve as a structural material and must be repaired. On the other hand, in the case of overseas, Scale of damage to termites the influence on the construction is also large, and a lot of research has been carried out on the prevention methods. In this thesis, investigate such foreign control measures, Would like to suggest a suitable method for Korea.

• 환경생물
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.316-324
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• 2022

본 연구는 비닐하우스로 대표되는 시설농업에서의 효과적이고 효율적인 해충방제를 위해 수입 농산물의 검역단계에서 사용되고 있는 훈증물질 중 하나인 에틸포메이트를 적용하여 박과작물인 수박, 멜론, 애호박에 훈증처리 후 작물 및 토양에의 잔류양상을 연구하였다. 이전 연구를 통하여 해충방제에 효과적인 에틸포메이트의 농업적 방제농도를 설정하였으며, 밀폐된 비닐하우스에서 농업적 방제농도의 에틸포메이트를 2시간 동안 훈증처리하였으며 훈증처리 이후 하우스를 완전개방하여 환기를 실시하였다. 훈증처리 30분 후 하우스 내의 에틸포메이트 농도는 4.1~4.3 g m^-3로 균일한 농도로 훈증처리가 잘 되었다. 박과작물 및 하우스 내 토양의 잔류분석을 위한 분석법 작성을 위해 표준품을 이용하여 검량선을 작성한 결과 헤드스페이스 샘플러-가스크로마토그래피 기기의 LOD는 100 ng g^-1 수준이었으며, LOQ는 300 ng g^-1 수준이었다. 각 작물별 및 토양의 검량선의 R² 값은 0.991~0.997의 수준으로 양호하였다. 환기 후 바로 채취한 시료에서는 모두 검출되지 않았거나 LOQ 이하의 수준으로 검출되었으며, 환기 후 3시간 이후의 시료에서는 개화기의 멜론에서만 1,068.9 ng g^-1의 에틸포메이트가 검출되었다. 검출된 잔류량의 양상을 종합하여 보았을 때, 환기 직후의 시료에서 검출된 양이 환기 후 3시간 경과된 시료보다 낮은 잔류양상을 보였다. 이는 분석과정에 걸리는 시간차에 의한 실험적 한계에 의한 결과라 할 수 있다. 따라서 이후의 에틸포메이트의 잔류량 분석 연구에 있어 빠른 분해양상을 주된 변화요인으로 고려하여 연구를 진행할 필요성이 요구된다. 위 연구결과를 토대로 하여 검역분야에서 사용중인 에틸포메이트를 농업분야에 적용하여 잔류에 대한 걱정이 없으며, 해충방제에 효과적인 훈증제로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권21호
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• pp.5-55
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• 2000

The cultural properties are damaged by various causes according to the characteristics of material, the condition of preservation, and the period of time. Especially, biodeterioration makes lots of damages in organic properties than inorganic ones. The damages of wooden cultural properties by insects usually are caused by the three orders; Isoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. As the result of investigation on the state of 141 buildings of wooden cultural properties in 1999, some of them were damaged by many kinds off actors; wasp, powder post beetle, cigarette beetle, termite, decay, and physical cracking. And it was found that the patterns of damages were related to species-specific habits of insects. There are several methods of pest control for the prevention of wooden cultural properties from damages caused by insects. Those are as follows; physical control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management. When insects and fungi were detected at the wooden buildings, the fumigation is best treatment to stop biodeterioration. And then, wood materials also need to be treated with insecticidal and antiseptic chemicals to avoid a reinfestation, because the fumigant is volatile. The six commercial chemicals which are applied to the insecticidal and antiseptic treatment of wooden cultural properties were purchased to test their abilities. According to the comparative results of efficacy of them in laboratory, chemical D showed excellent efficacy in all items, including antiseptic and termiticidal items. The goal of these pest controls is to protect wooden buildings from insects and microorganisms. The most effective method used currently is chemical control(fumigation, insecticidal and anticeptic chemical treatment), but it has to be treated periodically to control pest effectively. Recently environmentally-friendly control methods such as bait system or biological treatments are replacing traditional barrier treatments using large amounts of chemicals. Especially, termite is a social insect which makes a colony. Although a building with fumigation treatment is safe for a while, once attacked building has a risk of damage by reinfestation of termite. Therefore, to control termites from damaged building, the entire colony including reproductives(queen and king) and larvae around buildings must beeliminated. Bait system can be used as a preventive measure in early detection of them through termites colony monitoring and baiting. It would be the most effective for termite control if bait system would be used together with the chemical controls.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.590-598
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• 2015

소나무재선충병에 대한 다양한 방제방법에도 고사목은 해마다 급격히 증가하고 있다. 그러나 현 방제방법 문제에 대한 연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 재선충 확산 방지를 위해 가장 널리 쓰이는 방법은 병의 매개충인 솔수염하늘소 유충 폐사를 위한 감염목 훈증처리방법이다. 본 연구는 산림 내 소나무재선충 감염목 훈증처리지역에서 훼손 정도를 확인하고자 경상남도 밀양시 일대에 $100m^2$의 조사구 32개소를 설치하여 근원단면적과 수관단면적을 분석하였다. 훼손되지 않은 수목에서 도출한 근원단면적과 수관단면적의 회귀식(침엽수: $R^2=57.4$, 낙엽활엽수: $R^2=63.8$)을 바탕으로 훼손된 수목의 수관단면적을 유추하였다. 분석결과 수관단면적을 기준으로 재선충감염목은 18.7%이었으며 재선충과 무관하게 베어진 수목은 35.5%에 달했다. 소나무류의 경우 8.4%가 재선충과 관계없이 훼손되었으나 참나무류를 포함한 낙엽활엽수류는 훼손비율이 62%에 달했다. 소나무재선충 방재를 위한 훈증처리작업에 따른 아교목층 낙엽활엽수의 무분별한 제거는 산림의 온도저감, 습도조절 등 공익적 기능을 저하할 우려가 높았다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2016

This study is conducted to get current state of data collection and utilization of the trees damaged by pine wilt disease, and to efficiently collect and utilize of the trees damaged by the pine wilt disease and abandoned fumigation-treated trees at forecasts. The method to control pine wilt disease damaged area is mostly fumigation treatment system, and there is no collection and utilization of damaged trees because of absence of efficient collection system, lack of collection cost, and absence of policy, etc. A survey is conducted that asked about the satisfaction degree for the trees damaged by pine wilt disease collection and use divided into 6 topics. It was positively recognized that the need and problem of the trees damaged by pine wilt disease, and results and satisfaction of forestry mechanization while it was mostly negatively recognized that the policy satisfaction for prevention and collection, satisfaction of collection and use, collection and forestry mechanization, and satisfaction of foundation equipment for forestry mechanization, etc. As a result of path analysis, it is necessary to promote a high-tech forestry mechanization to improve satisfaction level of results and satisfaction of forestry mechanization for the trees damaged by pine wilt disease collection and utilization, it is also need to make an effort in various ways for improve satisfaction level of satisfaction of collection and utilization.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2004

1) Objective External treatments have various curative effects. So it had been used to cure various patients. But, it has a limited sphere of application in the present South Korea. Therefore we would like to bring out its sphere of application and detailed method in the oriental medicine classics. 2) Methodologies We have researched external treatment history according to below the procedure. (1) Making a related words list: We have used existing external treatments technical books to make a list. It has been connected with external treatments. It includes not only technical terms, but also general terms. (2) Searching sentence: We have searched sentence that contain terms that related with external treatments. (3) Analysis of related sentence: We have searched and classified sentence by disease. (4) Analysis of external treatment methods. 3) Conclusions From long time ago people have used external treatment to cure various disease. According to the ${\ulcorner}Nei-Jing{\lrcorner}$, hot compress therapy, fumigation therapy and bathing therapy had been used to cure blockage syndrome, muscle disease, carbuncle and cellulitis. Thereafter, a sphere of external treatment had gradually enlarged. (1) After all its sphere had included dermatologic, psychologic, internal, ophthalmic, otolaryngologic, obstetrics, gynecologic, pediatric and surgical diseases. (2) External treatment methods have contained hot compress therapy, fumigation therapy, bathing therapy, application therapy, medication bag therapy, medication plug therapy, medication massotherapy, aroma therapy and so on. (3) Medication types of external treatment have contained ointment, juice, infusion, powder, suppository and so on.

• 오토저널
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.44-52
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• 1993

In this study, the characteristics of decreasing exhaust gas of diesel engine was examined in dual fuel method by using commertial LPG for automotive. LPG was supplied to engine intake port by fumigation method and flow rate was controlled by using the needle valve. LPG supply ratios were 0, 20, 30% of total fuel amount to be supplied to engine by mass base. We investigated the effect of LPG supply ratio on exhaust gas concentrations related to excess air ratio and engine load at 1600, 1800, 2000 rpm. Soot concentration decreased about 30% in proportion to the increase of the LPG supply ratio. NOx concentration decreased in proportion to the increase of the LPG than diesel only and the increase rate was higher at low engine load. BSFC(Brake specific fuel consumption) was lower in proportion to the increase of the LPG supply ratio at high engine load and to the decrease of LPG supply ratio at low engine load.