• Wind and Structures
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• 제5권2_3_4호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2002

Results of measurements of surface pressure and of velocity field made on a full-scale 6 m cube in natural wind are reported. Comparisons are made with results from boundary-layer wind-tunnel studies reported in the literature. Two flow angles are reported; flow normal to a face of the cube (the $0^{\circ}$ case) and flow at $45^{\circ}$. In most comparisons, the spread of wind-tunnel results of pressure measurements spans the full-scale measurements. The exception to this is for the $0^{\circ}$ case where the roof and side-wall pressures at full-scale are more negative, and as a result of this the leeward wall pressures are also lower. The cause of this difference is postulated to be a Reynolds Number scale effect that affects flow reattachment. Measurements of velocity in the vicinity of the cube have been used to define the mean reattachment point on the roof centre line for the $0^{\circ}$ case, and the ground level reattachment point behind the cube for both $0^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$ flow. Comparisons are reported with another full-scale experiment and also with wind-tunnel experiments that indicate a possible dependency on turbulence levels in the approach flow.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.301-319
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• 2011

The full-scale measurements are compared with the wind tunnel test results for the long-span roof latticed spatial structure of Shenzhen Citizen Center. A direct comparison of model testing results to full-scale measurements is always desirable, not only in validating the experimental data and methods but also in providing better understanding of the physics such as Reynolds numbers and scale effects. Since the quantity and location of full-scale measurements points are different from those of the wind tunnel tests taps, the weighted proper orthogonal decomposition technique is applied to the wind pressure data obtained from the wind tunnel tests to generate a time history of wind load vector, then loads acted on all the internal nodes are obtained by interpolation technique. The nodal mean wind pressure coefficients, root-mean-square of wind pressure coefficients and wind pressure power spectrum are also calculated. The time and frequency domain characteristics of full-scale measurements wind load are analyzed based on filtered data-acquisitions. In the analysis, special attention is paid to the distributions of the mean wind pressure coefficients of center part of Shenzhen Citizen Center long-span roof spatial latticed structure. Furthermore, a brief discussion about difference between the wind pressure power spectrum from the wind tunnel experiments and that from the full-scale in-site measurements is compared. The result is important fundament of wind-induced dynamic response of long-span spatial latticed structures.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.137-156
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• 2013

A wind tunnel test of a scaled-down model and field measurement were effective methods for elucidating the aerodynamic behavior of a chimney under a wind load. Therefore, the relationship between the results of the wind tunnel test and the field measurement had to be determined. Accordingly, the set-up and testing method in the wind tunnel had to be modified from the field measurement to simulate the real behavior of a chimney under the wind flow with a larger Reynolds number. It enabled the results of the wind tunnel tests to be correlated with the field measurement. The model surface roughness and different turbulence intensity flows were added to the test. The simulated results of the wind tunnel test agreed with the full-scale measurements in the mean surface pressure distribution behavior.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.221-238
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• 2011

The estimated response of large-scale engineering structures to severe wind loads is prone to modelling uncertainties that can only ultimately be assessed by full-scale testing. To this end ambient vibration data from full-scale monitoring of the historic Clifton Suspension Bridge has been analysed using a combination of a frequency domain system identification method and a more elaborate stochastic identification technique. There is evidence of incipient coupling action between the first vertical and torsional modes in strong winds, providing unique full-scale data and making this an interesting case study. Flutter derivative estimation, which has rarely previously been attempted on full-scale data, was performed to provide deeper insight into the bridge aerodynamic behaviour, identifying trends towards flutter at higher wind speeds. It is shown that, as for other early suspension bridges with bluff cross-sections, single-degree-of-freedom flutter could potentially occur at wind speeds somewhat below requirements for modern designs. The analysis also demonstrates the viability of system identification techniques for extracting valuable results from full-scale data.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2023

This study proposes a few-shot learning model for extrapolating the wind pressure of scaled experiments to full-scale measurements. The proposed ML model can use scaled experimental data and a few full-scale tests to accurately predict the remaining full-scale data points (for new specimens). This model focuses on extrapolating the prediction to different scales while existing approaches are not capable of accurately extrapolating from scaled data to full-scale data in the wind engineering domain. Also, the scaling issue observed in wind tunnel tests can be partially resolved via the proposed approach. The proposed model obtained a low mean-squared error and a high coefficient of determination for the mean and standard deviation wind pressure coefficients of the full-scale dataset. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the influence of the number of selected shots. This technique is the first of its kind as it is the first time an ML model has been used in the wind engineering field to deal with extrapolation in wind performance prediction. With the advantages of the few-shot learning model, physical wind tunnel experiments can be reduced to a great extent. The few-shot learning model yields a robust, efficient, and accurate alternative to extrapolating the prediction performance of structures from various model scales to full-scale.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.428-434
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• 2015

The objective of the present study is to analyze the results of the trial-test for the full-scale driving pump, which is arranged in the LCT (Large Cavitation Tunnel). Firstly, the reasons of selecting the final design pump are introduced in terms of the performance analysis in model tests. The trial-test items for the full-scale driving pump are measurements of output current/voltage at the inverter of the main motor and the flow velocity in the LCT test section. The test results show the increase in flow rate of about 10.7% and the decrease in pump head of about 26%, compared with those of final design-pump specification. The motor power has the margin of about 22%. The performance analysis for the full-scale pump is conducted using the commercial code (CFX-10). The delivered power calculated with CFX-10 shows good agreement with that extracted from the full-scale pump test. It is found that CFX-10 is useful to analyze a full-scale pump.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2005년도 특별논문집
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• pp.44-50
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• 2005

Since a cavitation pattern in model scale can be different from that in full scale, it has been highly demanded to measure a fluctuating pressure induced by propeller in full scale. For the verification of the cavitation test for 105K lanker in the large cavitation tunnel in Samsung Ship Model Basin(SSMB), an effective pressure fluctuation measurement system was developed and a series of full scale measurements was carried out. These results were compared with those of cavitation tests in SSMB. The measured results in full scale gave good agreements to those in model tests. The fluctuating pressure at $2^{nd}$ blade frequency in full scale seems to be highly dependent upon tip loading.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2016

In order to study correlation of the propeller cavitation performance between a full-scale ship and a model ship for the MR Tanker, the full-scale ship and the model tests were conducted. The full-scale ship test is composed of cavitation observation, pressure fluctuation and noise measurements, which are conducted using 2 observation windows and 8 pressure transducers installed inside the full-scale ship above the propeller. The model test in the Large Cavitation Tunnel(LCT) was conducted at the same conditions as that of the full-scale ship and its results are compared with those of the full-scale ship. Through the model-ship correlation analysis, it is considered that the experimental technique for the MR Tanker class ship was verified in LCT.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.247-260
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• 2001

In the last three decades several comprehensive field measurement programs have produced significant insight into the wind effects on low-rise structures. The most notable and well published of these efforts are measurements being collected at the Wind Engineering Field Laboratory (WERFL) at Texas Tech University, measurements on low-rise structures in Silsoe, England and measurements on groups of low-rise structures collected in Aylesbury, England. Complementary to these efforts, an additional full-scale field investigation program has recently collected meteorological, pressure, strain and displacement data on a low-rise structure in Southern Shores, North Carolina. To date over seventy-five hundred data sets have been collected at the Southern Shores site in a variety meteorological conditions up to and including hurricane-force winds. This paper provides details of the system, its development, and preliminary assessment of its performance. A description of the field site, the instrumented structure, and the instrumentation system is provided. In addition, an example of the data collected during three hurricanes is presented. The primary goal of this paper is to provide the reader with the necessary technical details to appropriately interpret data from this experiment, which will be presented in future publications currently under development.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.5-24
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• 1998

사질토 지반에서 앵커로 지지된 토류벽의 거동을 연구하기 위하여 텍사스 에이엔엠 대학에 소재한 미국 국립 토질 시험장에 계측기가 장착된 실물 크기의 앵커 토류벽을 시공하였다. 기간 중의 단계별 계측과 시공후의 계측을 실시하여 사질토 지반에서의 앵커 토류벽의 현장 거동을 분석하였다. 시공 단계별 토류벽의 수평 변천, 토류벽의 휨 모멘트, 토류벽의 연직 하중, 배면토의 침하와 앵커 하중을 계측하여 앵커 토류벽의 현장 거동을 분석하여 제시하였다. 사질토 지반에서의 토류벽의 거동 특성을 실측결과와 비교하여 분석하였다.