• Title/Summary/Keyword: fuel distribution

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A Study on the Droplet Size Distribution of Ultra High Pressure Diesel Spray on Electronic Hydraulic Fuel Injection System (전자유압식 분사계에 의한 초고압 디젤분무의 입경분포에 관한 연구)

  • Jang, S.H.;Ahn, S.K.
    • Journal of Power System Engineering
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.25-30
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    • 1998
  • In order to investigate the droplet size distribution and Sauter Mean Diameter in a ultra high pressure diesel spray, fuel was injected with ultra high pressure into the environments of high pressure and room temperature by an Electronic Hydraulic Fuel Injection System. Droplet size was measured with the immersion liquid sampling technique. The immersion liquid was used a mixture of water-methycellulose solution and ethanol. The Sauter Mean Diameter decreased with increasing injection pressure, with a decrease environmental pressure (back pressure) and nozzle diameter. Increasing the injection pressure makes the fuel density distribution of the spray more homogeneous. An empirical correlation was developed among injection pressure, air density, nozzle diameter and the Sauter Mean Diameter of spray droplets.

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Bio-Jet Fuel Production Technologies for GHG Reduction in Aviation Sector (항공분야 온실가스 감축을 위한 바이오항공유 제조기술)

  • KIM, JAE-KON;PARK, JO YONG;YIM, EUI SOON;MIN, KONG-IL;PARK, CHEON-KYU;HA, JONG-HAN
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.609-628
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    • 2015
  • Thie study presents the biomass-derived jet (bio-jet) fuel production technologies for greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction in aviation sector. The aviation sector is responsible for the 2% of the world anthropogenic $CO_2$ emissions and the 10% of the fuel consumption: airlines' costs for fuel reach 30% of operating costs. In addition, the aviation traffic is expected to double within 15 years from 2012, while fuel consumption and $CO_2$ emissions should double in 25 years. Biojet fuels have been claimed to be one of the most promising and strategic solutions to mitigate aviation emissions. This jet fuel, additionally, must meet ASTM International specifications and potentially be a100% drop-in replacement for current petroleum jet fuel. In this study, the current technologies for producing renewable jet fuels, categorized by alcohols-to-jet, oil-to-jet, syngas-to-jet, and sugar-to-jet pathways are reviewed for process, economic analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA) on conversion pathways to bio-jet fuel.

A feasibility study on Introducing the Reference Fuel(Gasoline) for Testing Vehicles in South Korea (국내 표준연료(휘발유) 도입 필요성 검토 연구)

  • Kang, Hyungkyu;Seong, Sangrae;Song, Hoyoung;Hwang, Inha;Ha, Jonghan;Na, Byungki
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.824-835
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    • 2016
  • Although the number of registered cars in South Korea is above 21million and one family has about 1.07 cars, there is no national standard for automobile reference fuel in South Korea. Reference fuel is the fuel used for certificating vehicle performance, emissions and fuel economy. Now, domestic market fuels are used as reference fuel. However, the quality of domestic market fuel is constantly changing by seasonal and fuel manufacturers. It may effect vehicle performance, emissions and fuel efficiency test result. On this study, market fuel quality was monitored and reference fuel standard(draft) was set by reflecting market fuel monitoring result. Reference fuel standard(draft) was applied to GDI and MPI engine. As a result, the difference of fuel economy between fuels meeting the reference fuel standards(draft) was reduced to 1.1% while the difference of fuel economy between market fuels was 3.8%.

FUEL ECONOMY IMPROVEMENT FOR FUEL CELL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES USING FUZZY LOGIC-BASED POWER DISTRIBUTION CONTROL

  • Ahn, H.S.;Lee, N.S.;Moon, C.W.;Jeong, G.M.
    • International Journal of Automotive Technology
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.651-658
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    • 2007
  • This paper presents a new type of fuzzy logic-based power control strategy for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles designed to improve their fuel economy while maintaining the battery's state of charge. Since fuel cell systems have inherent limitations, such as a slow response time and low fuel efficiency, especially in the low power region, a battery system is typically used to assist them. To maximize the advantages of this hybrid type of configuration, a power distribution control strategy is required for the two power sources: the fuel cell system and the battery system. The required fuel cell power is procured using fuzzy rules based on the vehicle driving status and the battery status. In order to show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed power control strategy, simulations are performed using a mid-size vehicle for three types of standard drive cycle. First, the fuzzy logic-based power control strategy is shown to improves the fuel economy compared with the static power control strategy. Second, the robustness of the proposed power control strategy is verified against several variations in system parameters.

Effects of Distribution of Axle Load and Inflation Pressure of Tires on Fuel Efficiency of Tractor Operations (차축의 중량 분포와 타이어의 공기압이 트랙터 작업의 연료 효율에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jin-Woong;Kim, Kyeong-Uk;Gim, Dong-Hyeon;Choi, Kyu-Jeong
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.303-313
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of axle weight distribution and inflation pressure of tire on the fuel economy of tractors as well as operational range of tractor engine in terms of engine speed and power when a 4WD tractor of 38.2 kW rated power at 2500 rpm is used for plowing and flooded-field rotavating in paddy fields. (1) Plowing operation required an average engine power of 9.6~13.5 kW which equals 25~35% of rated PTO power. Engine speed ranged from 1,320.4 to 1,737.4 rpm, work velocity from 3.4 to 4.8 km/h, and fuel consumption from 3.2 to 4.2 L/h, respectively. (2) Flooded-field rotavating required an average engine power of 11.5~18.5 kW which equals 30~48.4% of rated PTO power. Out of this 6.2~12.2 kW was used for PTO power. Engine speed ranged from 1,557 to 2,067 rpm, work velocity from 2.5~5.4 km/h and fuel consumption from 3.2~5.5 L/h, respectively. (3) Axle weight distribution, inflation pressure of tire and moisture content of soil did not affect significantly the specific volumetric fuel consumption but affected significantly the fuel consumption per unit area of operation. Fuel savings amounted to 65% in plowing operation and 20% in flooded-field rotavating when the axle weight distribution and inflation pressure of tire were optimally adjusted. (4) Optimal adjustment of axle weight distribution and inflation pressure of tire are expected to save fuel consumption by 10~65% per unit area of operation in plowing and 10~20% in flooded-field rotavating.

The Stress Distribution Analysis of PEMFC GDL using FEM (유한요소법을 이용한 고분자전해질연료전지 기체확산층의 응력분포 연구)

  • Kim, Chulhyun;Sohn, Youngjun;Park, Gugon;Kim, Minjin;Lee, Jonguk;Kim, Changsoo;Choi, Yusong;Cho, Sungbaek
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.468-475
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    • 2012
  • A proper stacking force and assembly are important to the performance of fuel cell. Improper assembly pressure may lead to leakage of fuels and high interfacial contact resistance, excessive assembly pressure may result in damage to the gas diffusion layer and other components. The pressure distribution of gas diffusion layer is important to make interfacial contact resistance less for stack performance. To analyze the influence of design parameter factors for pressure distribution, and to optimize stack design, DOE (Design of Experiment) was used for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack pressure test. As commonly known, the higher clamping force improves the fuel cell stack performance. However, non-uniformity of stress distribution is also increased. It shows that optimization between clamping force and stress distribution is needed for well designed structure of fuel cell stack. In this study, stack design optimization method is suggested by using FEM (Finite Element Methode) and DOE for light-weighted fuel cell stack.

Pressure Distribution Simulation on Geometrical Manifolds Structure for Fabrication of a Planar-type Fuel-Cell Stack (평판형 연료전지 스택의 제조를 위한 매니폴드 형상별 압력분포 시뮬레이션)

  • Park, Se-Joon;Choi, Young-Sung;Lee, Kyung-Sup
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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    • v.58 no.4
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    • pp.609-614
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    • 2009
  • A fuel-cell power system among various alternative power sources has many advantages such as comparatively independable circumstances, high-efficient, and heat-recyclable, thus it is now able to be up to hundreds MWh-scaled through improving feasibility and longevity of it. During the last few decades, numerous research results has been investigated to expand interest in fuel-cell technology. This study presents pressure distribution on the geometrical manifold structures, which are U-type and Z-type, of a planar-type fuel-cell stack by simulated with computational fluid dynamics(CFD). Then, electrical performance of a 200W fuel-cell stack, which is U-type, was diagnosed after pre-conditioning operation. The stack has electrical characteristics ; 22V, 10A, 220W, and current density $200mA/cm^2$.

Study of Alternative Fuel Suitability for Special Antarctic Blend Diesel (남극유 대체연료 적합성 연구)

  • Lim, Young-Kwan;Kim, Ji-Yeon;Kim, Jong-Ryeol;Ha, Jong-Han
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.460-466
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    • 2017
  • The common petroleum can make precipitation such as a wax in a polar region due to severely cold weather condition, which can cause problems to fuel supply system. The petroleum product used in the polar region has thus been manufactured and sold suitable for the cold environment. However it is difficult to supply such petroleum products on time since these were mainly supplied abroad. In this article, the original fuel properties were first analyzed in order to find alternative fuel products for polar region. Jet fuel which is excellent cold characteristics was chosen and the fuel properties was tested by adding a constant concentration of lubricant additives to the jet fuel. As a result, the lubricant additive R621 showed the best lubricity, and adding 1000 mg/L of R621 content to the jet fuel was sufficient to enhance the lubricity. We envision that the jet fuel added 1000 mg/L of R621A can be suitable for alternative special antarctic blend diesel (SAB) in an severe polar environment.

Effect of Piston Cavity Geometry on Formation and Behavior of Fuel Mxture in a DI Gasoline Engine (직분식 가솔린엔진에서 피스톤 형상이 연료 혼합기의 형성과 거동에 미치는 영향 .)

  • Kim Dongwook;Kang Jeongjung;Choi Gyungmin;Kim Duckjool
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.82-89
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    • 2005
  • This study was performed to investigate the behavior and spatial distribution of fuel mixtures with different wall angle and diameter of piston cavity in a DI gasoline engine. The spatial distribution of fuel mixtures after impingement of the spray against a piston cavity is one of the most important. factors for the stratification of fuel mixture. Thus, it is informative to understand in detail the behavior and spatial distribution of fuel mixtures after impingement in the cavity. Two dimensional spray fluorescence images of liquid and vapor phase were acquired to analyze the behavior and distribution of fuel mixtures inside cylinder by exciplex fluorescence method. The exciplex system of fluorobenzene/DEMA in non-fluorescing base fuel of hexane was employed. Cavity wall angle was defined as an exterior angle of piston cavity. Wall angles of the piston cavity were set to 30, 60 and 90 degrees, respectively. The spray impinges on the cavity and diffuses along the cavity wall by its momentum. In the case of 30 degrees, the rolling-up moved from the impinging location to the round and fuel-rich mixture distributed at periphery of cylinder. In the case of 60 and 90 degrees, the rolling-up recircurated in the cavity and fuel mixtures concentrated at center region. High concentrated fuel vapor phase was observed in the cavity with 90 degrees. From. present study, it was found that the desirable cavity wall angle with cavity diameter for stratification in a Dl gasoline engine was demonstrated.

Improving the Neutronic Characteristics of a Boiling Water Reactor by Using Uranium Zirconium Hydride Fuel Instead of Uranium Dioxide Fuel

  • Galahom, Ahmed Abdelghafar
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.48 no.3
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    • pp.751-757
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    • 2016
  • The present work discusses two different models of boiling water reactor (BWR) bundle to compare the neutronic characteristics of uranium dioxide ($UO_2$) and uranium zirconium hydride ($UZrH_{1.6}$) fuel. Each bundle consists of four assemblies. The BWR assembly fueled with $UO_2$ contains $8{\times}8$ fuel rods while that fueled with $UZrH_{1.6}$ contains $9{\times}9$ fuel rods. The Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport code, based on the Mont Carlo method, is used to design three dimensional models for BWR fuel bundles at typical operating temperatures and pressure conditions. These models are used to determine the multiplication factor, pin-by-pin power distribution, axial power distribution, thermal neutron flux distribution, and axial thermal neutron flux. The moderator and coolant (water) are permitted to boil within the BWR core forming steam bubbles, so it is important to calculate the reactivity effect of voiding at different values. It is found that the hydride fuel bundle design can be simplified by eliminating water rods and replacing the control blade with control rods. $UZrH_{1.6}$ fuel improves the performance of the BWR in different ways such as increasing the energy extracted per fuel assembly, reducing the uranium ore, and reducing the plutonium accumulated in the BWR through burnup.