• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.561-570
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• 2022

This study investigated the changes in planting environment and growing conditions of 'Arisoo' apple trees under shading net treatments. Apple tree canopies were fully covered with Blue (blue color net, mesh size: 4 mm × 5 mm), Black-A (black color net, mesh size: 4 mm × 5 mm), Black-B (black color net, mesh size: 5 mm × 6 mm), and uncovered trees were used as the control. Inside the tree canopies, the illuminance was observed as 100% (85.0 Klux) in the control, but it decreased to 75% (64.3 Klux) in the Blue, 73% (63.0 Klux) in the Black-A, and 77% (65.9 Klux) in the Black-B nets, respectively. The solar irradiance was observed as 755 w·m^-3 in the control, but it was decreased to 715 w·m^-3 in the Blue, 624 w·m^-3 in the Black-A, and 647 w·m^-3 in the Black-B nets, respectively. The average daily temperature was observed to be the highest in the Black-A net (31.8℃) while it was observed to be around 30.0℃ in the control, Blue, and Black-B nets. In addition, the average fruit surface temperature was observed to be the highest (39.4℃) in the control, but it was decreased to 38.1℃ in the Blue, 37.3℃ in the Black-A, and 39.0℃ in the Black-B nets. However, the average soil temperature, the shoot growth rate, and leaf SPAD values were not different in all the treatments. Fruit sunburn disorders were the highest in the control while it was observed to be lower in the fruits from trees covered with the shading nets. However, at harvest, the fruit quality parameters were not different in all the treatments. Overall, this study suggests that the apple trees covered with the shading nets reduced the illuminance, solar irradiance, fruit surface temperature, and fruit sunburn disorders. However, the shading nets did not affect tree growth and apple fruit quality.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.96-100
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• 2017

Shoot and the fruit growth characteristics of 'Campbell Early' grape cultivar were investigated after vine thinning using the main branch leader. Before vine thinning, branch diameter was 11.8 mm, but it decreased to 9.3 mm after vine thinning. The number of shoots per vine increased to 55.9-64.5 after vine thinning. The number of fruit clusters per shoot was higher (1.5-1.75) in the vine thinning plot than in the control (0.8). Consequently, the number of clusters per vine was 98.1-106.5 in the vine thinning plot, while that in the control was 24.4-28.0. However, soluble sugar content (SSC) and tartaric acidity showed no significant differences between the control and the vine thinning plot. The proportion of >351 g fruit cluster weight after vine thinning (81.0%) was significantly higher than that of the control (32.5%). These results imply that fruit quality based on the variation in cluster weight and fruit yield was enhanced by vine thinning using the main branch leader.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.37
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• pp.157-166
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• 2017

To select fruit trees for urban garden with Elaeagnus umbellata var. coreana, Malus domestica 'Alps Otome', Prunus mume, Ribes nigrum, Rubus fructicosus, and Vaccinium corymbosum 'Reka', growth characteristics of these 6 species were compared and effect of trickle irrigation and shading on the growth of these fruit trees were investigated that these treatments were carried out how much these trees are endurable exposed to improper conditions. After passing the winter, E. umbellata var. coreana, M. domestica 'Alps Otome', P. mume, and V. corymbosum 'Reka' showed the highest survival rate, in contrast to R. nigrum with the lowest of 56.0%. In 9 months after planting, the hight growth rate of 62.3% was shown in P. mume but that of E. umbellata var. coreana was stagnant during experimental period. Flowering rate over 80.0% were shown in E. umbellata var. coreana, M. domestica 'Alps Otome', R. fructicosus, and V. corymbosum 'Reka'. On the other hand, R. nigrum has not ever flowering branches. Other species except E. umbellata var. coreana and R. nigrum have about 10 days in flowering duration. After flowering, fruition rate has shown significant difference among 6 species. As a result of both treatment of trickle irrigation and shading, leaf area and leaf weight of E. umbellata var. coreana, M. domestica 'Alps Otome' significantly inceased with treatments that have not affected other species. Based on these result, it is possible to deploy suitable fruit trees to specific garden condition after selecting various fruit trees.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.214-224
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• 2024

In this study, the growth, physical characteristics of fruit and soil chemistry were investigated by grouping S. thea populations. The soil for each group was sandy loam or sandy loam, and it was analyzed to be slightly acidic to neutral, with a pH ranging from 5.6 to 7.0. Additionally, the leaf size was highest in the G7 group, and overall fruit growth was highest in the G1 group, confirming differences between the groups. The sweetness ranged from 16.8° Brix to 12.3° Brix, indicating a higher sweetness compared to Vaccinium oldhamill, blueberry, and blackberry. The correlation analysis between soil chemistry and S. thea growth characteristics revealed a significant negative correlation between calcium (Ca) and fruit growth characteristics. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between sodium (Na) and fruit acidity, as well as between cation exchange capacity (CEC) and fruit hardness.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: The vigorous shoot growth in upper part of apple tree canopy leads to poor fruit quality and flower bud formation in lower part of canopy. So, this study was conducted to develop the proper control method about the shoot growth in upper part of apple tree canopy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Trunks of 'Fuji'/M9 apple trees were cut (back pruned) to 2.5 m in tree height on 11 February (dormant) or 12 April (full bloom). Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was applied at 2.0% to cut surface when trunk was pruned. Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) was sprayed at 250 mg/L above 2.0 m in tree height at 23 April (petal fall). The NAA or Pro-Ca application after trunk was pruned at dormant (TR-2 and TR-3) significantly reduced shoot growth in upper part of canopy compared with the control (tree was only pruned at dormant, TR-1), but the percent of shoots showing the secondary growth of TR-3 was higher over 2 times than that of TR-2. The reduction of shoot growth in upper part of canopy by TR-2 and TR-3 increased the fruit red color from the lower part in the treating year and blooming of the lower part in the following year. CONCLUSION: Applying 2.0% NAA to cut surface of pruned apple trunk at dormant was the most effective way for stabilization of the tree vigor in upper part of the canopy in a high density apple orchard.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2013

This study was evaluated that seasonal change of the hesperidin content was in relation to the skin color and weight of fruit in outer or inner side of the canopy, for determine the optimum time and the index of most abundant hesperidin content in lemon fruits juice. The hesperidin content was different with fruit growth and on fruit bearing site of the tree. The fruits of the either side contained the highest hesperidin value at 162 and 176 days after anthesis just after de-greening and the value was highest in the fruits of outer side of the canopy. This time also corresponded to the time just before the cessation of fruit growth. These results suggested that the optimum harvesting period for more hesperidin content was the stage just after de-greening and just before fruit growth cessation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.125-129
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• 2004

This study was conducted to identify the growth characteristics of melon cultivated with mixture medium of scoria and perlite in capillary system. The growth and fruit characteristics of all cultivars cultivated under the nutrient solution capillary supplying system were comprehensively favorable. Fresh fruit weight of the three cultivars was similar to weight criterion (1.8 - 2.0 kg/fruit) of melon. In melon of non-net type ‘Aris’ there were no differences in fruit characteristics between nutrient solution supply methods, but total soluble solid (TSS) was higher in drip and capillary systems showing $15.6^{\circ}$Brix and 15.5$^{\circ}$Brix, respectively, than that of mist spray system showing $14.4^{\circ}$Brix. In melon of net type, ‘Earl's elite’, drip and capillary systems showed better fruit characteristics and higher values of TSS compared to mist spray system. The change in pH in the medium before and after melon cropping was not significant between systems, but the pH of upper layer within medium in all system was higher than that of lower layer. The mineral content within lower layer showed higher value than that of the upper layer in drip system, but reversed in capillary system.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 1997

This study was carried out to clarify the effects of number of branches per pot on the growth and yield in long term bag-culture of sweet pepper. Two plants were grown in pot with four, six, and eight branches. The results are summarized as the followings : 1. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, and stem dry weight did not significantly differ among treatments, while the number of leaves and leaf area were the greatest In the treatment with eight branches per pot. 2. Although fruit length was not influenced by the number of branches per pot, fruit diameter and fruit weight were greater with four branches per pot. The yield of the four branches was 124.5ton/ha, which was not significantly different from the yield of the eight branches, 113.4ton/ha. Considering the average fruit weight, fruit quality, and labor saving, four branches per pot appears to be appropriate. 3. Although the yield of eight branches per pot during the first five months was higher, however, four branches per pot should be recommended for the long term bag- culture of sweet pepper because the yield of the four branches from April, which is the middle stage of growth to the final harvest was higher than the yields of the others.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.523-530
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• 2013

This study investigated the influence of seasonal incidence and defoliation degree caused by Marssonina blotch (Diplocarpon mali Harada et Sawamura) on shoot growth and fruit quality of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple tree. The occurrence of marssonina blotch in Gunwi region was observed from the mid of July 2009, and percentage of defoliation was about 10% in the end of October. In 2010, that started in the early of June. By the end of September, percentage of defoliation was 20% and it reached 50% in late October. Secondary growth of terminal shoot in 2010 was three times as much as that in 2009. In 2009, the soluble solid contents and the red color (hunter a value) during fruit maturation increased to $13.8^{\circ}Brix$ and 16.2, respectively. In 2010, the soluble solid content during fruit maturation remained in the $12.1-12.6^{\circ}Brix$ range after early October, and the red color began to increase after the end of September when the percentage of defoliation was 20%. As for fruit quality by defoliation degree, the red color decreased when defoliation percentage of bourse shoot at the end of October was more than 30%. Fruit weight and soluble solids also decreased when defoliation percentage was more than 50%. Fruit length and diameter of over 30% defoliation treatments begun to decrease after the middle of August, compared with those of under 30% defoliation treatment. Photosynthetic rate of the leaves that was located at the secondary growth of bourse shoot was similar to that of leaves which was located at the middle of bourse shoot. However, the size and the soluble solid content of fruit were not affected by photosynthesis activities of bourse shoot leaves which was develop in the secondary shoot growth.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2004

Objective of this research was to investigate the effect of fertigation setting point such as -5, -10, -20, and -30 ㎪ on the growth and fruit quality of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in greenhouse culture. The net $CO_2$ assimilation and transpiration rate were the lowest in the treatment of -30㎪. The pH and EC in soil solution were not severly affected by irrigation setting point and no statistical differences were observed among treatments of irrigation setting point tested. The N content of above ground plant tissue was the lowest in the treatment of -30 ㎪ and those of K, Ca, and Mg were the highest in the treatment of -10 ㎪. But that of P did not show statistical differences among treatments tested. As the fertigation setting point was getting low, the growth decreased at 60th day after planting, while there were no differences among treatments at 210th day after planting. The fruit quality except sugar contents did not show differences among treatments, but sugar contents was the highest in the treatment of -30 ㎪ with $8.0^{\circ}$Brix. Above results indicated that fertigation setting point should be in the range from -10 ㎪ to -20 ㎪ to ensure good crop growth and fruit quality in sweet pepper production.