• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 1998

The total amount of dry matter for the green manure crops was great wheat> rye> barley> Italian ryegrass in that order. The green manure crope were verified to have the reducing effect of injury of successive croppingin peper, mainly reducing the occurance of the most important pepper disease, Phytophthora capsisi, and enhancing the pepper quality in the fruit length and diameter. The direct seeding using current commercial pepper variety was proved as not economical one. In the first year of compost application, the growth and yield of red pepper were rather somewhat decreasing compared with those of check plot applied with organic fertilizers. compst application increased the content of organic matter in soil, which suggested compost could be applied for the sustainable purposes. In preference analysis about taking the new technique, the smaller farmer's cultivation area the more they wanted to accept the LISA farming, compared with the conventional one, could be possible to save 12% in the inorganic fertilizer expenses but wasted 412% ant 163% in both organic fertilizer and operator labor expenses, respectively. At the same time, the LISA decreased 15% in production cost but increased 225% and 139% in organic fertilizer quantity and operator labor hours. Since there was a great deal of difference in technological and economic factors from two farming methods, LISA multi-goal decision modeling is further required.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.488-494
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• 1999

The changes in firmness, mineral compositions and pectic substances of Mume(Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc) fruits during maturation were determined. An average weight of the fruits in 92days after full bloom was increased during maturation proceeded up to the range of 212∼232%, as compared with that of 64days. The rate of weight increase of 'Ohshuku' fruits was 257%, and it was highest among four varieties. The ratio of stone to flesh weight was decreased, but the diameter of the flesh of fruits was increased during maturation. The firmness of 'Koume' fruits was rapidly decreased from 78days after full bloom. Three varieties, except 'Koume' fruits, showed similar changes in firmness. Potassium content of fruits was 85%. Calcium and Mg were decreased as the flesh of fruits became plump. The ratios of hydrochloric acid-soluble pectin(HSP) , water-soluble pectin(WSP), sodium hexamethaphosphate-soluble pectin(PSP), and sodium hydroxode-soluble pectin(SSP) contents to the total pectin content of the fruits were 66∼76, 8.4∼19.7, 5.4∼7.5 and 7.1∼8.3%, respectively. The total pectin content was increased up to 71days after full bloom, but it was decreased thereafter. Also, a significant increase of WSP and a decrease of HSP were observed during the softening process of fruits.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.338-341
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• 2018

This study investigated the possibility of using pine tree sawdust in thinning-out tree as a substitute for poplar and douglas-fir tree sawdust in oyster mushroom cultivation. Mycelial growth was 10.8 cm in medium supplemented with 70% pine sawdust after 18 days of culture and 10.2 cm in control medium. Mycelial density showed high density with no significant difference between treatments. Fresh weight and diameter of fruiting bodies were slightly lower in medium supplemented with pine tree sawdust. The hardness of pine tree sawdust was slightly higher in the medium supplemented with 20% and 30% of pine tree sawdust. The L value showed a tendency to be higher in the pine added medium, but the a and b values d id not show any significant difference between the treatments. The yields of fruiting body were 157 g / 850 ml for the control and 170 g / 850 ml for the 40% added pine tree sawdust.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.339-343
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• 2020

This study aimed to optimize total nitrogen (TN) content in the medium and the growth temperature to improve the shelf life of Pleurotus eryngii Keneutari No. 2. We investigated the growth characteristics and changes in the O2/CO2 content in polypropylene film and performed sensory evaluations during cold storage under 1.5%, 1.8%, 2.1%, and 2.4% TN and at temperatures of 9℃, 12℃, and 15℃. The diameter and weight of the fruit bodies tended to increase with increasing nitrogen content, regardless of the growth temperature, and the highest weight per bottle (149.5 g) was obtained at 12℃ and 2.4% TN. Regardless of the nitrogen content, leaf color deepened with decreasing temperature. The gas concentration in the film, which changes depending on storage time, was maintained for the longest period at 9℃ and 2.1% TN. The sensory evaluation revealed no difference between the different nitrogen conditions tested, and the odor, discoloration, and decay were similar at 15℃ and 9℃ until day 28 of storage.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2013

This study was carried out to improve standardization of agricultural products and investigate quality changes during preservation at various treatments. The standardization does much to improve merchantable quality, distribution efficiency and fair dealings by shipping of the standard agricultural products. Mushrooms notified as the standard are five; Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Agaricus bisporus and Ganoderma lucidum. But many farmers are suffering from strict standards. Therefore, modification of these standards is required to fit farmhouse situations. Fruit-body weight of A, B and C grades of the marketed Agaricus bisporus was 19.3g, 12.2g and 10.4, respectively. Average pileus diameter of A grades was 43.3mm but B and C grades did not show significant difference. Average stipe length of A, B and C grades was 9.8mm, 13.1mm and 11.6mm, and stipes thick was the highest in A grades. The weight loss rate of stipe cutting of Agaricus bisporus was 12.6% in harvested mushrooms and the rate of stipe cutting length was 60.8%. The diameter of Agaricus bisporus stored for 5 days was 3.5~4.5cm but decreased rapidly in 15 days. The weight loss rate of the high temperature samples lowered rapidly than that of the low temperature samples. Conversely, the L value of the low temperature samples was higher than that of the high temperature samples.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.581-586
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• 2009

Bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum cv. Plenty) were grown under low night temperatures (LNT: day/night temperature of $28/13^{\circ}C$) and optimum night temperatures (ONT: day/night temperature of $28/20^{\circ}C$) in growth chambers. Pollen grains were collected from plants in the growth chamber and incubated at 10, 15, 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$. After 24 hr incubation, in both ONT and LNT, the highest percent pollen germinations were observed at $25^{\circ}C$ followed by germinations at $30^{\circ}C$. Percent pollen germination at $25^{\circ}C$ was 42% in ONT - two times higher than in LNT at 21%. Pollen tube length was much longer at ONT than at LNT, regardless of incubation temperature. Compared with other treatments, earlier and quicker pollen tube elongation was observed in ONT pollen grains incubated at $25^{\circ}C$. To find pollen viability in plant growing conditions, pollen grains were incubated in LNT ($28/13^{\circ}C$) and ONT ($28/20^{\circ}C$) growth chambers for 24 hr. Petri-dishes with pollen grains were put in the growth chambers at the beginning of the night condition. Pollen grains in the LNT growth chamber did not germinate at night ($13^{\circ}C$), but began to germinate when the day condition ($28^{\circ}C$) started. Pollen grains in the ONT condition, however, started germinating from the early night ($20^{\circ}C$) and germination continued during the day ($28^{\circ}C$). Plants in LNT showed increased flower stalk length, ovary diameter, stamen length, flower weight, and fruit length. LNT conditions did not impair seed set. There were no differences in seed sets between fruits at LNT and ONT. Normal seed sets in LNT show that fertilization may be completed during daytime. However, further investigation is needed to find what extent of temperature stress causes malformed and/or parthenocarpic fruits in this bell pepper.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 2008

This work was carried out to investigate the effect of waterlogging on the growth and nutrient contents of 'Campbell Early' and 'Kyoho' grapevines under the vinyl house condition from June 14 to July 20, 2005. For the trial, seedlings of two-year-old grapevine were transplanted to 40 L pot with a sandy loam soil. Irrigation point of non-waterlogging(control) treatment was controlled at -40 kPa of soil water tension using tensiometer and waterlogging treatments were imposed for 35 days at the water levels of above 10 cm from the soil surface using tap water. The growth of aerial(shoot length, leaf number and stem diameter) and underground(root) parts of 'Campbell Early' and 'Kyoho' grapevines tended to be wholly reduced by waterlogging, while the growth of aerial parts were more severely impaired in 'Kyoho' than in 'Campbell Early' cultivar. The different responses for waterlogging between two grapevines seem to be related with the capacity for absorbing mineral nutrients, because nitrogen content of 'Campbell Early' cultivar leaves was significantly higher than that of 'Kyoho' cultivar although the contents of phosphorus and potassium in leaves of two grapevine cultivars were similarly declined. There was no significant different of fruit quality, such as contents of soluble solid, titratable acidity and weight of berry in 'Campbell Early' between waterlogging and control. In 'Kyoho' cultivar, however, berry weight and titratable acidity were decreased and soluble solid content was increased by waterlogging. It was assumed that waterlogging stress for grapevines promotes maturation and coloring processes of berries by stimulating maturation hormone such as ethylene. In conclusion, 'Campbell Early' cultivar seems to be more tolerable than 'Kyoho' cultivar when comparing the growth responses and nutrient contents between two grapevine cultivars under waterlogging.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.219-226
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• 2015

The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of various root media on the growth of mother and daughter plants during propagation and early yield after transplanting of 'Seolhyang' strawberry. To achieve this, daughter plants were fixed to connected small pots that contained expanded rice-hull (ERH), a strawberry-specialized commercial medium (SSCM), soil mother materials (SMM), or loamy sand (LS). Then, growth of daughter plants in above- and below-ground tissue as well as early yield after transplanting to plastic house soil were investigated. The growth of daughter plants in terms of plant height, leaf area and fresh weight were the highest in the SSCM treatment. Root growth in terms of the amount of primary roots and root dry weight were the highest in the treatments of ERH and SMM and the lowest in that of SSCM, among treatments tested. The ERH treatment also showed the highest values among treatments in root length, surface area and volume when roots with 0 to 0.4 mm in diameter were investigated. The flower bud differentiation of daughter plants began on Sept. 3 in the ERH treatments, earlier than the SMM (Sept. 5) and in SSCM (Sept. 7) treatments. The tissue N contents of daughter plants were in the range of 1.41 to 1.55% in all treatments, and no significant differences were observed among treatments. This indicates that the low moisture retention capacity of ERH and water stress, rather than tissue N contents, promote the flower differentiation of daughter plants. In the evaluation of early yield after transplant, the ERH treatment of showed the highest yield in the period from November to December, reaching 667 g fruit weight per 10 plants. The yields per 10 plants in the other treatments were 581 g in SMM, 475 g in SSCM and 295 g in LS. Above results imply that the various root media have different effects on the growth of daughter plants as well as flower bud differentiation. Therefore, improvement in early yield after transplant can be achieved through selection of proper root medium for daughter plant propagation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.537-548
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of 9 kinds of medicinal plants against crown gall in grapevine. The medicinal plants extracted with several solvent systems were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method. The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from magic lily flowers, tachys roots, asian plantain flowers and seeds, sweet wormwood leaves, stems and flowers, immature bitter melon fruits, cockscomb flowers, and peach tree resin showed in vitro antimicrobial activities against Rhizobium vitis with growth inhibition zones ranging from 10 to 27 mm in diameter. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of extracts against R.vitis ranged from 10,000 in Asian plantain flower and 50,000 fold diluted extracts in sweet wormwood flowers, stems, leaves, cockscomb leaves and immature bitter melon fruits. The active fractions of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from the medicinal plants were partially separated through silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The active fractions were separated at Rf 0.36, 0.69, 0.75, 0.84, and 0.94 in sweet wormwood extracts, Rf 0.96 and 0.99 in cockscomb flower extracts, Rf 0.92 and 0.97 in cockscomb leaf extracts, and Rf 0.85 in immature bitter melon fruit extracts in TLC analysis developed with hexane:ethyl acetate (20:80, v/v) and methanol:chloroform (20:80, v/v). Among extracts from plants with in vitro antimicrobial activities, sweet wormwood, cockscomb leaves, and immature bitter melon fruits showed in vivo antimicrobial activities with inhibition activity of 100, 67, and 83.3%, respectively, in 'Kyoho' grapevine inoculated with R. vitis compared with the untreated control. These findings indicate that extracts of medicinal plants could be used as sustainable candidates to control crown gall disease caused by R. vitis in grapevines.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.4 s.83
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• pp.311-319
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• 1997

These studies were carried out to develop an artificial cultivation method. The diameter and thickness of pileus ranged $1.5{\sim}7.0\;cm$ and $0.8{\sim}3.0\;cm$, respectively. The diameters of stipe were $1.2{\sim}2.5\;cm$ and the lengthes were $4.5{\sim}9.0\;cm$. The spore fingerprint was white. The sizes were spore $10.8{\sim}12.2{\times}4.35{\sim}5.65\;{\mu}m$, basidia $50.0{\sim}59.2{\times}7.4{\sim}7.8\;{\mu}m$, nalsistidia $21.75{\sim}28.7{\times}4.8{\sim}6.1\;{\mu}m$, pileus hymenium cell $50.6{\sim}66.0{\times}4.4{\sim}6.7\;{\mu}m$, and stipe hymenium cell $28.6{\sim}33.0{\times}5.5{\sim}6.6\;{\mu}m$. The thirty percent mixture of rice and wheat bran into sawdust gives the high density of mycelia and the good development of fruiting structure. The optimum water contents of sawdust substrates were $60{\sim}65%$ in which condition the mycelium grows well and gives high density. In PP bottle cultivation, the first fruiting period was $6{\sim}8$ days earlier in nonscratching samples than scratching ones, but the quantity of fruiting body was higher in scratching samples than nonscratching ones. In the case of PP bag cultivation, the first fruiting was 10 days faster, and the quantity of fruiting bodies was 30% higher in samples with 30% wheat bran than those with rice bran. The fleshiness of stipe was $2{\sim}3$ times harder than that of pileus.