• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.258-262
• /
• 2014

We aim to elucidate suitable mixed color of light during development of fruit body in Pleurotus ostreatus. The four mixed color of LED(Light Emitting Diode), blue and white, green and white, blue and green and green and red LED, were irradiated for formation of fruit-body. First, as effect of mixed color of LED, the properties of fruit body of P. ostreatus in blue and white LED irradiation were showed higher commercial yields than those in control(fluorescent lamp). And the ergothioneine was the highest at the blue and white LED. Second, we could obtain higher commercial yields than those at the $1{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ of light intensity by blue and white LED in P. ostreatus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 1993

In order to improve qualities of kochujang, various fruit juices such as apple, orange, pineapple and grape were added to the raw material of kochujang instead of the part of water. It was apparent in the kochujang with pineapple juice that organic acids originated from fruit juices increased titrable acidity and decreased pH. Free sugars and organic acids in the kochujang that was fermented during three months were degraded or might be used by microorganism after ten months of fermentation. Kochujang with grape juice showed relatively dark color, which had a good agreement with the changes of Hunter a-value. Sensory evaluation test about tastes, flavor and color showed that the kochujang with pineapple juice was preferred to others.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.300-313
• /
• 2017

'Unicon' cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most highly perishable horticultural crops due to its high water content and respiration rate. This study was carried out to assess the effect of continuous application of $CO_2$ (control [air], 3%, and 5%) on the quality and shelf life of cherry tomato fruits stored at $10^{\circ}C$ and $85{\pm}5%$ relative humidity (RH) at two maturity stages (pink and red). Continuous application of $CO_2$ did not affect the soluble solids content (SSC) or titratable acidity (TA) of the fruit at either maturity stage during storage. However, there was a significant difference among treatments in terms of flesh firmness, cell wall thickness, pectin content, vitamin C content, skin color, lycopene content, weight loss, ethylene production rate, respiration rate, and acetaldehyde and ethanol production. Fruits treated with 5% $CO_2$ maintained their high quality with regards to vitamin C, skin color ($a^*$), lycopene content, weight loss, physiological parameters (ethylene production rate, respiration rate, and volatile compounds), flesh firmness, cell wall thickness, and pectin content at both maturity stages compared with 3% $CO_2$ treatment and the control. Continuous application of $CO_2$ (5%) reduced the ethylene production rate and the production of volatile compounds during storage. Therefore, cherry tomato 'Unicon' fruit can be stored for two weeks without losing fruit quality at both maturity stages under continuous application of 5% $CO_2$ as a postharvest treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
• /
• v.7 no.1_2
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2002

The pumpkin fruit fly [Bactrocera (paradacus) depressa Shiraki] was first trapped on June 1st with ground and Mcphail traps in Jinan and Iksan drea, Chonbuk Province and was found to have single generation during the grow-ing season in 2002. Not much difference existed in the number of B. (paradacus) depressa flies attracted to various colors but Bactrocera (zugodacus) scurellatus Hendal came to yellow and green more than to blue color. In a study of the effect of diets on the degree of attraction by the flies, it turned out that B. (paradacus) depressa came more to yeast hydrolysate (YH) and in June i.e, the early period of adult emergence of the year. However, more individuals of B. (zugodacus) scutellatus are attracted to the extract of young pumpkin fruits. More B. (paradacus) depressa was caught with McPhail traps while more B. (zugodacus) scurellatus was caught with sticky traps and accordingly, species specific traps are recommended when yearly population trends of fruit flies are studied.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.372-378
• /
• 2017

For comparison of the transcription profiles in apple (Malus domestica L.) cultivars differing in flesh color expression, two cDNA libraries were constructed. Differences in gene expression between red flesh apple cultivar, 'Redfield' and white flesh apple cultivar, 'Granny Smith' were investigated by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Expressed sequence tag (EST) of clones from the red flesh apple cultivar and white flesh apple cultivar were selected for nucleotide sequence determination and homology searches. High resolution melting (HRM) technique measures temperature induced strand separation of short PCR amplicons, and is able to detect variation as small as one base difference between red flesh apple cultivars and white flesh apple cultivars. We applied high resolution melting (HRM) analysis to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) based on the predicted SNP information derived from the apple EST database. All 103 pairs of SNPs were discriminated, and the HRM profiles of amplicons were established. Putative SNPs were screened from the apple EST contigs by HRM analysis displayed specific difference between 10 red flesh apple cultivars and 11 white flesh apple cultivars. In this study, we report an efficient method to develop SNP markers from an EST database with HRM analysis in apple. These SNP markers could be useful for apple marker assisted breeding and provide a good reference for relevant research on molecular mechanisms of color variation in apple cultivars.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.164-167
• /
• 2006

Potential factors favoring black stains during fruit development in Pyrus serotina was investigated. Black stain occurred from young fruit till harvest. The color of the affected fruits in early stage was black or light reddish brown, but turned to light brown over time. Fruit bags with lower light transmission and inner bags with poor aeration stimulated the symptoms, and high water permeability of the bags increased the black stain. Much rain and/or poor light transmission and aeration within the canopies also favored the occurrence of black stain. Diminution of pathogenic fungi density by lime sulfur was more effective than the canopy spray of fungicide for the prevention of black stain.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.41 no.7
• /
• pp.529-536
• /
• 2008

Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, which is responsible for synthesizing a variety of secondary metabolites that participate in development and adaptation. In this study, we isolated a full-length cDNA of the C4H gene from the Korean black raspberry (Rubus sp.) and found that this gene existed as a single gene. By comparing the deduced amino acid sequence of Rubus sp. C4H with other sequences reported previously we determined that this sequence was highly conserved among widely divergent plant species. In addition, quantitative real time PCR studies indicated that the C4H gene had a differential expression pattern during fruit development, where gene expression was first detected in green fruit and was then remarkably reduced in yellow fruit, followed by an increase in red and black fruit. To investigate the two peaks in expression observed during fruit development and ripening, we measured the flavonoid content. The content of the major flavanol of Korean black raspberry fruits was determined to be highest at the beginning of fruit development, followed by a gradually decrease according to the developmental stages. In contrast, the content of anthocyanins during the progress of ripening was dramatically increased. Our results suggest that the C4H gene in Korean black raspberry plays a role during color development at the late stages of fruit ripening, whereas the expression of C4H gene during the early stages may be related to the accumulation of flavanols.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2016

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation (amount, interval) on tree growth, fruit quality, and cracking of organic 'Campbell Early' grapevine in 2012 and 2013. Three irrigation treatments were applied using a sprinkler system from mid-June to mid-August in 2012 and 2013, as follows: 10 mm was applied daily (10 mm-IR), 20 mm was applied every two days (20 mm-IR), and 30 mm was applied every five days (30 mm-IR). Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature were found to be greatest in the 10 mm-IR treatment in both years. Soil moisture content ranged between 20-40% in the 10 mm-IR, between 20-60% in the 20 mm-IR, and between 20-70% in the 30 mm-IR treatment plots. The total number of leaves per shoot and shoot growth were found to be greatest in the 20 mm-IR and 30 mm-IR treatments, respectively. Cluster and berry weights, and cluster and berry sizes were not consistently affected by the treatments. The 10 mm-IR treatment resulted in an increase in fruit SSC, SSC/acidity ratio, and berry skin pigmentation ($b^*$; blue). Approximately 5% of fruit cracking was observed on average over both years in the 10 mm-IR-treated fruit, while the 30 mm-IR treatment resulted in nearly 18% of cracking in 2012. Average marketable fruit yield per year over two years was greatest for the 10 mm-IR treatment ($24.4t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) followed by the 30 mm-IR treatment ($22.7t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) and lastly the 20 mm-IR treatment ($22.2t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$). Thus, the 10 mm-IR treatment represents a suitable irrigation regimen for controlling leaf and shoot growth of vines grown under a rain-shelter system in sandy loam soils, while improving fruit sugar contents and skin color and limiting fruit cracking.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.543-546
• /
• 2009

Intermediate parent "Wonkyo Ga-Dangwagi 1" (Malus domestica Borkh.) was released from Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Korea in 2008. It was derived from the cross between "Starkrimson" and columnar type "McIntosh Wijcik" in 1992 after selection tests from 2000 to 2008. Trees are moderately vigorous and have spreading branching habit. It bears abundant flower buds on one-year-old branches and fruits mainly on spurs or short branches. Harvesting time of this variety is late September, 7 days later than that of "Hongro" in Suwon. The fruit is conical to narrow conical in shape and bright red in skin color. Fruit size is small with weight of 200~240g on an average and fruits have $14^{\circ}Bx$ soluble solid and medium acidity. It is moderately susceptible to alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria alternata). "Wonkyo Ga-Dangwagi 1" is a promising apple cultivar and will appeal to young people with good sugar-acid balance.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND: Recently, the need for a method to cultivate 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin has been increasing. However, there is limited information available as this is a new Satsuma mandarin cultivar, which was bred by the RDA in 2004. Many farmers who cultivate this cultivar follow the cultivation method similar to that used for 'Miyagawa' Satsuma mandarin, and suffer low production of optimum-sized fruits. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was conducted to find out the optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit for the stable production of high quality 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin fruits in a non-heated plastic film house. Seven-year-old 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin trees were used in the study. Before the treatment, the leaf-to-fruit ratio ranged from 5.7 to 17.9. The treatments included 10, 20, 30, and 40 leaves per fruit. The fruits were removed if over fruiting was observed at day 60 after full bloom. We investigated the fruit size and quality on the day of harvest. Flowering and fruiting patterns in each treatment were recorded for the following year. In the experiments, the flower-to-leaf ratio was 1.12 to 1.74. As the leaf-to-fruit ratio decreased, the fruit size and weight also decreased. Contrarily, the higher the ratio of leaf-to-fruit, the higher fruit size and weight were. It was noted that the ratio of 20:1 was ideal to produce the M grade optimum-sized Satsuma mandarin fruits on the day of harvest. However, higher ratio might result in fruits weighting above 100 g. There was no difference among the treatments in terms of fruit quality, such as total soluble solid contents, titratable acid, and color. In the subsequent years, flowering and fruiting in the treatments were lowered when the leaf number per fruit was 10, but they were improved when the leaf number per fruit was above 20. CONCLUSION: Based on the above results, the optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit was found to be 20:1 for flowering and fruiting of 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin. It is important that optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit is set as a standard to produce good grade and quality of 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin fruits.