• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2013

Organosolv ethanolamine pulping for oil palm empty fruit bunches(EFB) were evaluated in this study. The screen yield by the ethanolamine pulping were higher than that by the soda pulping at the same operation conditions. The higher concentration of ethanolamine solvent resulted in the higher yield and the lower contents of residual lignin. The EFB pulp fibers were the narrower in fiber width but the higher in coarseness than those of the hardwood pulp fiber, while the fiber length of the EFB pulp fiber were similar to that of the hardwood fiber. The intrinsic zero span tensile testing showed the EFB pulp fiber by the 80% ethanolamine pulping were the stronger than the fiber by the soda pulping. The results of this study supported that the ethanolamine pulping could be used as an alternative pulping method for the EFB.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2000

만가닥버섯의 재배기간 단축 및 수량성을 높이고 새로운 재배법을 확립하기 위해 배지조성, 후숙기간, 발이방법 등에 대한 시험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 첨가제는 미장+밀기울(5%+15%) 처리구에서 생육이 양호하였고, 병당수량이 133.8 g으로 대조 114.1 g보다 증수되었다. 2. 배양일수는 무처리보다 패화석분 1, 2, 3%에서 $2{\sim}3$일 단축되는 효과가 있었으며, 초발이 개체수도 패화석분과 해초분처리에서 대조보다 증가하였다. 유효경수가 많았던 패화석분 $2{\sim}3%$ 처리구에서 수량도 증가하여 병당 155.5 g을 나타냈다. 3. 굴곡비닐피복과 역상발이시 발이율은 100%, 발이개체수도 역상발이에서 병당 1,121개로 대조 146개 보다 많고 고르게 발이되었고, 발이일수도 1일 단축되었다. 4. 유효경수도 역상발이시 병당 27.2개로 다발형성이 잘 되었고 버섯 크기 및 생육상태가 균일하였다. 5. 후숙기간은 15일, 30일 처리에서 초발이 소요일수가 10일로 단축되었으나 발이개체수는 후숙 30, 45일 처리에서 많았고 버섯의 생육이 양호하여 수량이 병당 148.2 g으로 높았다. 6. 만가닥버섯의 최대 수량을 낼 수 있는 적정 적산온도는 $1600^{\circ}C{\sim}2000^{\circ}C$이었고, 재배기간은 85일이 소요되어 관행대비 19일 단축되었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.280-291
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• 2018

Torrefaction is one of the methods to increase combustion calorific value and hydrophobicity of biomass. In this study, the effects of torrefaction on devolatilization, char reactivity and biomass structure were analyzed. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) and Kenaf biomass were used as fuels to be torrefied in the N2 environment at 200, 250 and $290^{\circ}C$. Devolatilization and char kinetics were analyzed by using TGA and biomass structure was investigated through petrography image. The reactivity showed different trends depending on the torrefaction temperature and biomass structure. The herbaceous biomass, Kenaf, was shown as high reactivity and thin wall structure. On the contrary, the woody biomass, EFB, had relatively low reactivity and thick wall structure.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2017

Co-firing of renewable fuel in coal fired boilers is an attractive option to mitigate $CO_2$ emissions, since it is a relatively low cost option for efficiently converting renewable fuel to electricity by adding biomass as partial substitute of coal. However, it would cause reducing plant efficiency and operational flexibility, and increasing operation and capital cost associated with handling and firing equipment of renewable fuels. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of biomass co-firing on $CO_2$ emission and capital/operating cost. Wood pellet, PKS (palm kernel shell), EFB (empty fruit bunch) and sludge are considered as renewable fuels for co-firing with coal. Several approaches by the co-firing ratio are chosen from previous plant demonstrations and commercial co-firing operation, and they are evaluated and discussed for $CO_2$ reduction and cost estimation.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

Biomass, a carbon-neutral fuel, has great advantages because it can replace fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, due to its low density, high water content, and hydrophilicity, biomass has disadvantages for transportation and storage. To improve these properties, a pretreatment process of biomass is required. One of the various pre-treatment technologies, torrefacion, makes biomass similar to coal through low-temperature pyrolysis. In this study, torrefacion treatment was carried out at 200, 230, 250, 280, and $300^{\circ}C$ for wood pellet, empty fruit bunch (EFB) and kenaf, and the feasibility of replacing coal with fuel was examined. Hygroscopicity tests were conducted to analyze the hydrophobicity of biomass, and its chemical structure changes were investigated using Infrared spectrum analysis. It was confirmed that the hygroscopicity was decreased gradually as the torrefacion temperature increased according to the hygroscopicity tests. The hydrophilicity was reduced according to the pyrolysis of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin of biomass.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.367-372
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• 2001

포도 거봉(Vitis labruscana L 'Kyoho')은 연 2회 생산할 수 있는 2기작 재배가 가능하다. 그러나 2기작 재배에서 2차 생산을 위한 과실의 성숙기가 단일조건과 저온기에 해당하므로 고품질의 과실 생산에 제약이 되고 있다. 거봉 수체의 생장을 촉진하고 과실의 품질을 향상시키기 위하여 근권제한 재배용 베드에 온수파이프를 설치한 후 지중 가온에 의한 근권온도 상승 및 플라스틱 온실 내 $CO_2$ 시용에 따른 생장과 과실의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 신초 절간장, 엽면적 및 엽 건물중은 $CO_2$ 시용에 관계없이 근권온도 상승구에서 양호하였다. 과방중, 과립중, 산함량, 착색도 및 화진은 처리간 차이가 없었으나, 당 함량은 근권온도 상승 처리구와 근권온도 상승＋$CO_2$ 공급구에서 유의하게 높았다. $CO_2$ 농도가 $300{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$에서 $800{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$로 증가함에 따라 광합성 속도가 계속 증가하였으나, $800{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ 이상의 농도에서 광합성 속도의 변화는 크지 않았다. 흐린 날에는 $CO_2$ 시용에도 불구하고 온실 내의 낮은 광량과 저온으로 인하여 광합성 속도가 증가하지 않았다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2019

차광도포제 처리는 시설하우스 내부의 고온 제어를 위한 유용한 관리 방법 중 하나로 이용되고 있다. 우리나라 포도과원에 설치된 비가림 시설은 강우를 방지하여 병 발생을 예방하는 독특한 시설로 여름철 고온 피해를 받을 가능성이 높다. 본 시험에서는 포도 비가림 시설 아래의 과도한 고온을 회피하기 위해 차광도포제의 농도를 달리하여 비가림 비닐 외부에 처리하였다. 그 결과 35% 차광도포제 처리는 비가림 비닐 아래의 PPFD (광합성 광양자 자속 밀도)의 45%를 감소시켰다. 또한 35% 차광도포제 처리는 무처리 대비 과방부위 온도를 $2^{\circ}C$를 낮추는 결과를 나타냈다. 차광도포제 처리는 포도비가림 시설에서 유의하게 온도를 낮추는 효과가 확인되었지만 주변 온도보다 낮은 온도로 제어 할 수는 없었다. 자연적으로 제거되는 35% 차광도포제 처리는 우리나라의 포도 비가림 시설내의 여름철 과도한 열 손상과 과일 품질 저하를 방지하는 방법으로 활용할 수 있다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

The applicability of oil palm biomass, EFB(Empty Fruit Bunch) as raw materials for environmental friendly packaging material, pulp mold, was evaluated in this study. The changes in the water absorption properties of pulp mold by the addition of EFB and the surface treatments with PVA and AKD were analyzed by measuring the changes in the water absorption rate and the water contact angle. The each pulp mold sample was prepared by using laboratory wet pulp molder. And the water absorption rate of each samples were evaluated by measuring times for the absorption of a 0.1 ml water drop on the pulp mold sample surface. The addition of EFB to the pulp mold made of OCC resulted in the decrease of water absorption rate and the increase in the water contact angle. The surface treatments with PVA and AKD on the OCC pulp mold showed the significant reduction in the water absorption rate. However, in case of ONP pulp mold, the addition of EFB and the surface treatments with PVA and AKD showed no big changes in water absorption times. Those might be come from the finer surface structure of ONP pulp mold which were made of more finer and flexible fibers and more hydrophilic fibers. The results of this study showed the functional properties such as water absorption rate, could be controlled by the application of EFB and the treatments with AKD or PVA, especially in case of the OCC pulp mold.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

In this study, oil palm biomass such as empty fruit bunch (EFP) and palm kernel shell (PKS) was used as raw materials for making pellets. EFB and PKS are valuable lignocellulosic biomass that can be used for various purposes. If EFB and PKS are used as alternative raw materials for making pellets instead of wood, wood could be saved for making pulps or other value-added products. In order to explore their combustion characteristics, EFB and PKS were analyzed using thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) with ultimate and proximate analyses. From the TGA results, thermal decomposition of EFB and PKS occurred in the range of 280 to $400^{\circ}C$ through devolatilization and combustion of fixed carbon. After $400^{\circ}C$, their combustion were stabilized with combustion of residual lignin and char. PKS contained more fixed carbons and less ash contents than EFB, which indicated that PKS could be more active in combustion than EFB.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2013

In this study, oil palm biomass such as empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS) was used as raw materials for making pellets. Hardwood sawdusts were also mixed with EFB and PKS for making pellets. For improving a bad forming behavior in a pelletizer, 1 to 3 per cent of corn starch based on oven-dried weight biomass was added. The starch contributed to the decrease of dust generation in addition to the improvement of forming capability during pellet forming. Heating values of every pellets made of EFB and PKS were higher than 4,300 kcal/kg for the first grade pellet, irrespective of addition of sawdusts. However, the pellets made of EFB and PKS had ash contents over 3 per cent, which made it impossible to be applied for home use. Instead, they could be applied for industrial use. For studying their combustion characteristics, the pellets from the mixtures of EFB, PKS and sawdusts were analyzed using thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). From the TGA results, thermal decomposition of EFB and PKS occurred following three including endothermic reaction and dehydration, devolatilization of the major chemical components, and finally combustion of residual lignin and char.