• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1243-1249
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• 2016

Background: Expression of p53, cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1) and Ki-67 (MIB1) was evaluated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to test whether levels of these markers at invasive tumour fronts (ITFs) could predict the development of local recurrence. Materials and Methods: Archived paraffin-embedded specimens from 51 patients with T1/T2 tumours were stained immunohistochemically and analysed quantitatively. Local recurrence-free survival was tested with Kaplan-Meier survival plots (log-rank test) using median values to define low and high expression groups and with a Cox's proportional hazards model in which the expression scores were entered as continuous variables. Results: The assessment of expression of all markers was highly reliable, univariate analysis showing that patients with clear surgical margins, with low cyclin D1 and high p21 expression at the ITF had the best local recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analysis showed that these three parameters were independent prognostic factors but that neither p53 nor MIB1 expression were of prognostic value. Conclusions: Assessment of p53, cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1), and Ki-67 (MIB1) at the ITF could help to predict local recurrence in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma cases.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.439-447
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• 2020

This paper presents two sets of full three-dimensional thermoelastic finite element analyses of superimposed thermo-mechanically loaded Spar Wingskin Joints made with laminated Graphite Fiber Reinforced Plastic composites. The study emphasizes the influence of residual thermal stresses and material anisotropy on the inter-laminar delamination behavior of the joint structure. The delamination has been pre-embedded at the most likely location, i.e., in resin layer between the top and next ply of the fiber reinforced plastic laminated wingskin and near the spar overlap end. Multi-Point Constraint finite elements have been made use of at the vicinity of the delamination fronts. This helps in simulating the growth of the embedded delamination at both ends. The inter-laminar thermoelastic peel and shear stresses responsible for causing delamination damage due to a combined thermal and a static loading have been evaluated. Strain energy release rate components corresponding to the Mode I (opening), Mode II (sliding) and Mode III (tearing) of delamination are determined using the principle of Virtual Crack Closure Technique. These are seen to be different and non-self-similar at the two fronts of the embedded delamination. Residual stresses developed due to the thermoelastic anisotropy of the laminae are found to strongly influence the delamination onset and propagation characteristics, which have been reflected by the asymmetries in the nature of energy release rate plots and their significant variation along the delamination front.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.139-152
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• 2000

The regional characteristics of summer precipitation in Korea are analyzed with the data observed in 66 stations from 1973 to 1997, using the cluster analysis method. In the phenomena of summer precipitation, the rain-rich regions lie in the south coast region, the northern part of Kyonggi Province, and Yongdong region. The monthly precipitation is mostly influenced by Changma fronts and cyclons in June, Changma fronts in July, typhoons in August, and all of typhoons, Changma, and cyclons in September. The increasing and decreasing trends of the monthly precipitation are equally divided with regard to both regional groups and monthly distribution in the cluster analysis. Especially such trends are considerably clear in the rain-rich regions. The increasing tendency is predominant in the northern part of Kyonggi Province and Yongdong region, while the decreasing trend and the periodicity are noted in the south coast region and Cheju Island. The variation of the monthly precipitation is shown to be great in the rain-rich regions, while it is not much associated with the rain-scare regions. Also, the variation is the greatest in September, while the least variation is shown in July.

• International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Korean Journal of Geophysical Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 1993

The basic processes responsible for the generation of oceanic fronts were reviewed. In particular the process of a shelf sea front produced by tidal stirring was identified from the one dimensional model of the water column in the coastal area, which incorporates the microscale process for the formation of a tidal front. Also a new criterion to predict its location was suggested. The time evolutions of the distributions of density and turbulent kinetic energy calculated from the model show that the criterion for the formation of a thermocline can be predicted as $R{\delta}^4$~ constant for large $\delta$ ($\delta$＞0.5), but the dependence on $\delta$ decreases as $\delta$ goes to O, where $R=H^4Q/{K_b}^3$,{\;}{\delta}=1-Do/H$, Q is the buoyancy flux at the surface, $K_b$ is the eddy diffusivity maintained at the bottom and Do is the depth of a thermocline in the absence of bottom mixing. The depth of a thermocline was found to decrease as the bottom mixing increases for a given value of Do. The results were interpreted in comparison with the previous studies.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1069-1078
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• 2022

This study investigated the weather conditions, fine particle concentration, and ion components in PM_2.5 when two cold fronts passed through Busan in succession on February 1 and 2, 2021. A analysis of the surface weather chart, AWS, and backward trajectory revealed that the first cold front passed through the Busan at 0900 LST on February 1, 2021, with the second cold front arriving at 0100 LST on February 2, 2021. According to the PM₁₀ concentration of the KMA, the timing of the cold front passage had a close relationship with the occurrence of the highest concentration of fine particles. The transport time of the cold front from Baengnyeongdo to Mt. Gudeok was approximately 11 hours . The PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations in Busan started to increase after the first cold front had passed, and the maximum concentration occurred two hours after the second cold front passed. The SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, and NH₄⁺ concentration in PM_2.5 started to increase from 1100 to 1200 LST on February 1, after the first cold front passed, and peaked at 0100 LST to 0300 LST on February 2. However, the highest Ca²⁺ concentration was recorded 2-3 hours after the second cold front had passed.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.101-104
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• 2006

In the Korean seas, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Thermal Fronts (TF) were analyzed temporally and spatially during 8 years from 1993 to 2000 using NOAA/AVHRR MCSST. As the result of EOF method applying SST, the variance of the 1st mode was 97.6%. It is suitable to explain SST conditions in the whole Korean seas. Time coefficients were shown annual variations and spatial distributions were shown the closer to the continent the higher SST variations like as annual amplitudes. The 2nd mode presented higher time coefficients of 1993, 94, and 95 than those of other years. Although the influence is a little, that can explain ElNINO effect to the Korean seas. TF were detected by Sobel Edge Detection Method using gradient of SST. Consequently, TF were divided into 4 fronts; the Subpola. Front (SPF) dividing into the north and south part of the East sea, the Kuroshio Front (KF) in the East China Sea (ESC), the South Sea Coastal Front (SSCF) in the South sea, and the Tidal Front in the West sea. TF located in steep slope of submarine topography. The distributions of 1st mode in SST were bounded in the same place, and these results should be considered to influence of seasonal variations. To discover temporal and spatial variations of TF,SST gradient values were analyzed by EOF. The time coefficients fo the 1st mode (variance : 64.55%) showed distinctive annual variations and SPF, KF, and SSCF was significantly appeared in March. the spatial distributions of the 2nd mode showed contrast distribution, as SPF and SSCF had strong '-' value, where KF had strong '+' value. The time of '+' and '-' value was May and October, respectively. Time coefficients of the 3rd mode had 2 peaks per year and showed definite seasonal variations. SPF represented striking '+' value which time was March and October That was result reflected time of the 1st and 2nd mode. We can suggest specific temporal and spatial variations of TF using EOF.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.397-402
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• 2005

In the Korean seas, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Thermal Fronts (TF) were analyzed temporally and spatially during 8 years from 1993 to 2000 using NOAA/AVHRR MCSST As the result of EOF method applying SST, the variance of the 1st mode was 97.6%. It is suitable to explain SST conditions in the whole Korean seas. Time coefficients were shown annual variations and spatial distributions were shown the closer to the continent the higher SST variations like as annual amplitudes. The 2nd mode presented higher time coefficients of 1993, 94, and 95 than those of other years. Although the influence is a little, that tan explain EININO effort to the Korean seas. TF were detected by Sobel Edge Detection Method using gradient of SST. Consequently, TF were divided into 4 fronts; the Subpolar Front (SPF) dividing into the north and south part of the East sea , the Kuroshio Front (KF) in the East China Sea (ESC), the South Sea Coastal Front (SSCF) in the South sea, and the Tidal Front in the West sea. TF located in steep slope of submarine topography. The distributions of 1st mode in SST were bounded in the same place, and these results should be considered to influence of seasonal variations. To discover temporal and spatial variations of TF, SST gradient values were analyzed by EOF. The time coefficients fo the 1st mode (variance : 64.55%) showed distinctive annual variations and SPF, KF, and SSCF was significantly appeared in March. the spatial distributions of the 2nd mode showed contrast distribution, as SPF and SSCF had strong'-'value, where KF had strong'+'value. The time of'+'and'-'value was May and October, respectively. Time coefficients of the 3rd mode had 2 peaks per year and showed definite seasonal variations. SPF represented striking'+'value which time was March and October. That was result reflected time of the 1st and 2nd mode. We can suggest specific temporal and spatial variations of TF using EOF.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Increasing knowledge on the link between diet and human health has generated a lot of interest in the development of functional foods. However, several challenges, including discovering of beneficial compounds, establishing optimal intake levels, and developing adequate food delivering matrix and product formulations, need to be addressed. A number of new processes and materials derived from nanotechnology have the potential to provide new solutions in many of these fronts. Nanotechnology is concerned with the manipulation of materials at the atomic and molecular scales to create structures that are less than 100 nm in size in one dimension. By carefully choosing the molecular components, it seems possible to design particles with different surface properties. Several food-based nanodelivery vehicles, such as protein-polysaccharide coacervates, multiple emulsions, liposomes and cochleates have been developed on a laboratory scale, but there have been very limited applications in real food systems. There are also public concerns about potential negative effects of nanotechnology-based delivery systems on human health. This paper provides an overview of the new opportunities and challenges for nanotechnology-based systems in future functional food development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2013

계면은 하나의 성격(상(相, phase), 문화, 시대 등)이 다른 성격과 만나는 전선이라고 할 수 있다. 포괄적으로 말한다면 계면은 주어진 상황이 새로운 상황(현실)에 직면할 때 부딪히는 경험하는 경계 현상이라고 할 수 있는 것이다. 이러한 계면의 이슈는 소재들이 사용되는 환경과 불가분의 관계에 있기 때문에 재료공학의 주요 대상일 수밖에 없다. 하지만 소재의 종류가 매우 다양하고 노출되는 환경 역시 다양하기 때문에 계면 혹은 계면현상을 한마디로 설명하기는 매우 어렵다. 본 강연에서는 재료공학 연구부문에 종사하여 온 연구자가 나름대로 이해하여온 계면(계면현상 자체를 연구하는 연구자는 아니라는 의미)에 관한 지식을 실용적인 관점에서 설명하고 터득한 지식을 연구에 활용해 온 사례들에 관하여 소개하고자 한다. 계면을 움직이는 구동력, 재료연구를 통하여 관찰한 계면현상들, 계면현상의 관점에서 본 나노기술 등을 설명하고자 한다.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

A common feature in the three-dimensional numerical model experiments of coastal discharge with simplifed model and idealized external forcings is investigated. The velocity fields due to the buoyancy and flow flux, are spreaded radiately and the surface velocites are much greater than homegeneous discharges. The coastal dischargd due to the Coriolis force and flow flux are shaped a anticyclical gyre (clockwise) and determined the scale of the gyre in the coastal zone, respectively. The bottom topography restricts a outward extention of the coastal fronts and it accelerates a southward flow.