• 지질공학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2007

강우에 의한 지질 매질 내에서의 침투수 거동 및 함수비 특성은 매질이 가지는 고유 유전율 반응 특성으로부터 파악 할 수 있다. 침투수에 의한 침윤선은 매질의 유효공극을 통해 중력방향으로 불투수층 상단부까지 침투가 진행되면서 최종적으로 사면 변위를 발생시킨다. 본 연구는 침윤선 거동 특성을 파악하기 위해 물의 비중과 동일하게 제작된 에탄올 혼합 추적자를 이용하여 연직침투시험을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 유전율 혼합모델과 추적자모델을 제안하였으며, 이들 모델을 적용하여 침윤선의 거동을 지배하는 매질의 유효공극률을 산정하였다. 유효공극률은 매질의 공극을 통해 추적자의 침투 특성을 나타내는 침윤선 및 체적함수비의 변화를 실시간 유전율 변화 양상으로부터 파악하였다. 유전율 측정법을 적용해 강우에 의해 발생되는 침투수 거동에 의한 침윤선 및 체적함수비 변화로부터 사면의 안정성 평가를 위한 실시간 모니터링 기법으로의 활용에 있어 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.997-1009
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• 2011

In order to estimate volume transport by upwelling for single artificial seamount, same shape and size of artificial seamount already deployed was applied to numerical experiment. The result showed that strong upwelling appeared at front while took place downwelling at rear. The strongest upwelling existed at the top of the artificial seamount. Volume transport by upwelling was computed as 785 m3/s. Column arrangement was applied to two artificial seamount in three cases; case 1) no clearance, case 2) sixty-five meters of clearance as half of artificial seamount's length, and case 3) hundred-thirty meters of clearance as an artificial seamount's length. All cases of column arrangements showed more upwelling volume transport than that of single seamount. Particularly, the case of no clearance calculated as 106% and appeared the most upwelling effect comparing to two other cases. Row arrangement was also applied to two artificial seamount in three cases; case 4) no clearance, case 5) forty meters of clearance as an artificial seamount's width, and case 6) eighty meters of clearance as twice of artificial seamount's width. Upwelling volume transport in case 4 increased 48% than the case of single seamount. Other two cases of 5 and 6 were estimated as 97% increased and more effective than case 4. According to the case experiments, column arrangements show more upwelling volume transport than that of row arrangements. In cases of column arrangements, with decreasing clearance between two seamount, the effect increases while showing maximum value at clearance zero. In cases of row arrangements, on the contrary, with decreasing clearance between two seamount, the effect decreases while showing minimum value at clearance zero. Since simple barotropic condition was considered for this study, further study is necessary by considering baroclinic condition to get close to reality. In conclusion, in deploying artificial seamount, optimal arrangement should be well designed to enhance primary and secondary productivity and to increase the diversity of species as well as reducing time and space.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.92-95
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• 2006

This study is to find out how column with hole is behaved, compared to the normal one without hole. There might be existing buildings to make holes in the reinforced concrete column. Columns are made with commercially used compressive strength $240kg/cm^{2}$, air amount 5.0%, using re-bar of diameter D13 and D10 having yielding stress $4,000kg/cm^{2}$. The specimen were cured with temperature of $21{\pm}3^{\circ}C$. All specimens of five variables and all holes are geometrically considered and configurated. D3, D5 mean diameter 3cm and 5cm respectively. H1, H2 are the number of holes. Compressive pressure was forced in accordance with KS, following $0.6{\pm}0.4N/mm^{2}$ speed. Main re-bar's were strained with almost same shape through all the specimens. Hole diameter 5cm-having specimen showed cracking around hole. strains of back and front gauges of the specimen were showed similarly. Specimen having two holes in left and right from longitudinally axis resisted 7% less than the one having hole centrically from longitudinal axis. One hole having specimen with diameter 5cm resisted only 3% less than in case of 3cm diameter hole. Hole having in left and right from longitudinal axis will be less resistant than the case longitudinally arranged. Diameter 3cm hole showed less 10% capacity than normal one without hole. Capacity loss difference between diameter 3cm and 5cm showed almost none in case that they are arranged longitudinally.

• 천문학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 1994

The 4.8GHz formaldehyde absorption line in the dark clouds in M17 and NGC 2024 regions has been mapped. In both nebulae, we detected two $H_2CO$ line components. In M17, the 24km $S^{-1}$ cloud is closely associated with the HII region located in front of the radio continuum source, and the 19km $S^{-1}$ cloud is associated with the visual dark clouds with a larger extent which are closer to us. The 19km $S^{-1}$ cloud has a mass motion approaching to the HII region. In both clouds, a velocity gradient from the north-east to the south-west directions is observed. The linewidth has no variation indicating no collapsing motion. In NGC 2024, the 9km $S^{-1}$ feature is extended along the dark bar in front of the bright nebula and a weak second component at 13km $S^{-1}$ is confined to the immediate vicinity of the radio source. Indications are that the 9km $S^{-1}$ cloud is physically associated with the dark bar and the 13km $S^{-1}$ cloud is located behind the radio source. The angular extent, the column density, and the total mass of the clouds are derived. The radial velocities of other molecular lines observed in these clouds are compared.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2009

Retail space itself could be one of the marketing strategies, through creating space, and communicating brand identity. Especially for innovative products, such as mobile technology products, store is not just to sell products but to provide experiences so that users can fudge usefulness of products and reduce uncertainties to adopt the products. The purpose of this study is to investigate how environmental features and physical artifacts contribute to promote experiences of innovative products in stores and how physical environment help to establish brand identity. For this study, site visits, observation, and literature review were conducted. For case studies, three retail spaces (Apple, Iriver, Sony) and one service space(TTL) were selected. Compared to the service space, three retail spaces have more transparent and open store front design characteristics. For the experiences of shoppers, products displayed in a radial shape, round shape, column shape, and around peripherals of the stores. A service oriented space, TTL zone is differentiated from three retail spaces in terms of layout, store front design, and experience areas. Compared to the traditional stores selling innovative products, the case stores showed more warm atmosphere using various shape, wood materials, lighting fixtures and furniture.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.552-555
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• 2005

The influence of whole yeast cells $(0{\sim}15%\;w/v)$ on the protein adsorption performance in dye-ligand chromatography was explored. The adsorption of a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), was selected to demonstrate this approach. The UpFront adsorbent $(p=1.5\;g/cm^3)$ derivatised with Cibacron Blue 3GA and a commercially available expanded bed column (20 mm i.d.) from UpFront Chromatography, Denmark, were employed in the batch binding and expanded bed operation. The BSA binding capacity was demonstrated to not be adversely affected by the presence of yeast cells. The dynamic binding capacity of BSA at a $C/C_0=0.1$ biomass concentration of 5, 10, 15% w/v were 9, 8, and 7.5mg/mL of settled adsorbent, respectively.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.47-64
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to examine the foundation and subsequent reconstruction years of Unsoo-sa Daeoong-jeon in Busan, especially based on the five records of this building. Moreover, this paper aims to analyze the possibility of the architectural type changes by comparison with nearby Buddhist buildings. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, Unsoo-sa Daeoong-jeon was built in 1655. Afterward, it had been repaired through five times, but most members of it's wood-framework were found to had been prepared and constructed in 1655. Second, such as the gongpo type, roof type, module system, intercolumnar distance and proportion of intercolumnar distance and column-height, the architectural type of this building is similar to nearby Sinhung-sa Daekwang-jeon. This was because the identical monk-craftsmen carried out the many constructions of nearby temples with their architectural skills at the same period. Third, in particular, the style and created-time of the front gongpos are different from those of the rear gongpos. That is why the front gongpos were replaced when Unsoo-sa Daeoong-jeon was reconstructed in 1771.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.681-687
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• 2008

It is well known that the water infiltration rate depends on soil properties such as soil water content, water head, capillary suction, density, hydraulic conductivity, and porosity. However, most of proposed infiltration models assume that the air phase is continuous and in equilibrium with the atmosphere or air compression and air entrapment on infiltration was not considered. This study presents experimental results on unsaturated water infiltration to relate air entrapment and hydraulic conductivity function based on soil air properties. The objectives of this study were to measure change of soil air pressure ahead of wetting front under air drain and air confined condition to find the confined air effect on infiltration rate, to reduce the entrapped air volume related with soil air pressure to increase the soil permeability, and to make a basis of infiltration process model for the purpose of improvement of infiltration rate in the homogeneous soil column. The results of the work show that soil air pressure increases according to increasement of the saturated soil depth rather than the wetting front depth during infiltration process.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

하계에 연안혼합역과 외해성층역 사이에서 강력한 표층수온전선이 형성되는 한국 서해 중부의 태안반도 인근해역에서 1994년 7월, 1995년 5원 및 1996년 6월 등 3회에 걸쳐 취득한 해수물성자료를 분석하였다. 수직혼합역은 최저 15 m에서 최고 60 m 이상까지의 다양한 수심의 지형으로 이루어졌으며, 수심에 관계없이 표층과 저층의 수온차가 $1^{\circ}C$ 이내였다. 관측시기에 관계없이 혼합역 내의 수평적인 표층수온차는 작으면서도 수심에 반비례하는 특정을 보이고 표층수온이 가장 낮은 해역은 태안반도 서단에서 남서방향으로 형성되어있는 수심이 50 m 이상인 깊은 수로를 중심으로 관측되었다. 또한 6월에 관측한 표층수온전선이 태양복사열이 더 강한 7월에 관측한 표층수온전선에 비해 더 강한 특성을 보였다. 이러한 관측결과는 연구해역의 표층수온전선역은 수층의 수직혼합에 의해 형성되지만, 수온전선의 강도는 수직혼합역의 수성 및 외해성층역의 수온의 수직구조 등에 의해 결정되는 것으로 해석된다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.280-283
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• 2005

The adsorption of a model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) in expanded bed chromatography was undertaken by exploiting a commercially available expanded bed column (20 mm i.d.) from UpFront Chromatography and Streamline DEAE $(\rho=1.2g/cm^3)$ from Amersham Pharmacia Biotechnology. The influence of whole yeast cells on the adsorption capacity of column was explored by employing yeast cells in a concentration ranged of 0 to $15\%(w/v)$. Equilibrium isotherms for adsorption of BSA on Streamline DEAE were correlated by using Langmuir equation. The presence of yeast cells resulted in decreased of BSA binding capacity in both batch binding and expanded bed chromatography. Results indicated that the yeast cells act as competitor for proteins to bind to the sites on adsorbents.