• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.94-99
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• 2011

Micro-scale surface pattern has an benefit of tribological application under lubricated sliding contact. Therefore, a special pattern, that has to reduce the coulomb friction under contact, is considered to be necessary for improved efficiency of machines. The current study investigated the friction property of angle effect for micro-scale grooved crosshatch pattern on bearing steel surface using pin-on-disk type. The samples fabricated by photolithography process and then these are carry out the electrochemical etching process. We discuss the friction property due to the influence of hatched-angle on contact surface. We could be explained the lubrication mechanism for a Stribeck curve. It was found that the friction coefficient depend on an angle of the crosshatch on contact surface. It was thus verified that micro-scale crosshatch grooved pattern could affect the friction reduction.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.339-344
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• 2002

Whenever moving surfaces of machine driving elements interact in air and lubricating oil, oxidization film on the surfaces are generated. It is effect to prevent friction and wear on contact area. Since the electronic current progress the oxidization of metal, if the electronic flow be regulated, the thickness of oxidization film can be regulated and friction characteristics can be improved. But the electronic current can deteriorate friction characteristics, so various characteristics must be investigated on transforming of electronic current. Therefor, using the Norton equation in this study, short current were transformed between frictional materials using ball on disk type tester. It was studied on effect of electronic current for friction characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.247-254
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• 1999

The effect of manufacturing parameters such as molding and curing conditions on friction characteristics of friction materials were studied using a pad-on-disk type friction tester. The optimal manufacturing rendition for the best friction characteristics were investigated using friction materials containing 15 ingredients employing Taguchi robust design experiment. The friction characteristics were strongly affected by pressing time, pressing temperature, pressing pressure, curing time, curing temperature.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 1996

This study is to analyze the rotordynamic effect of surface-friction- factor characteristics on an annular seal. The honeycomb geometry which shows friction-factor-jump phenomena is used in this study. A rotordynamic analysis for a contered annular seal has been developed by incorporating empirical friction-factor model for honeycomb stator surfaces. The results of the analysis for the honeycomb seal showing the friction-factor jump is compared to the non- friction-factor-jump case. The results yield that the friction-factor-jump decreasesdirect stiffness and cross coupled stiffness coefficients, and increases damping coefficient to stabilize rotating machinery in a rotordynamic point of view. The analysis of the honeyeomb seal for the friction-factor-jump case shows reasonably good compared to experimental results, especially, for cross coupled and damping coeffcients.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.410-415
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• 2009

Experimental and numerical studies were performed to examine the effect of material temperature and reduction ratio on friction coefficient during hot flat rolling. We carried out a single pass pilot hot flat rolling test at the temperatures range of $900{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$ and measured the spread of deformed material while reduction ratio varied from 20% to 40%. Materials used in this study were a high carbon steel and two alloy steels. The dimension of specimen used in hot rolling experiment was $50mm{\times}50mm{\times}300mm$. We performed a series of finite element simulation of the hot rolling process to compute the friction coefficient change in terms of steel grade and reduction ratio. Results showed that temperature dependency of friction coefficient is not noteworthy but the effect of reduction ratio on friction coefficient is quite large. For high carbon steel, friction coefficient at reduction ratio of 30% is lower than that at that of 20%. Meanwhile friction coefficient at reduction ratio of 40% was one and half times large compared with that at that of 20%. The effect of steel grade on friction coefficient was significant when reduction ration was large, e.g., 40%.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.195-211
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• 2015

Flat plate friction lines have been used in the process to estimate speed performance of full-scale ships in model tests. The results of the previous studies showed considerable differences in determining form factors depending on changes in plate friction lines and Reynolds numbers. These differences had a great influence on estimation of speed performance of full-scale ships. This study was conducted in two parts. In the first part, the scale effect of the form factor depending on change in the Reynolds number was studied based on CFD, in connection with three kinds of friction resistance curves: the ITTC-1957, the curve proposed by Grigson (1993; 1996), and the curve developed by Katsui et al. (2005). In the second part, change in the form factor by three kinds of friction resistance curves was investtigated based on model tests, and then the brake power and the revolution that were finally determined by expansion processes of full-scale ships. When three kinds of friction resistance curves were applied to each kind of ships, these were investigated: differences between resistance and self-propulsion components induced in the expansion processes of full-scale ships, correlation of effects between these components, and tendency of each kind of ships. Finally, what friction resistance curve was well consistent with results of test operation was examined per each kind of ships.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.813-820
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• 2003

The shear friction tests using large direct shear test units were performed to evaluate the friction properties of fiber-mixed soil. The used materials and test conditions were flowing. Soils : SM and ML; mixing fibers : three types of polypropylene fibers(net type 38mm and 60mm, and line type 60mm), reinforcement : geogrid; mixing ratio：0.2% and 0.3%; degree of compaction : 85% and 95%. In the test results, the reinforcing effect of fiber mixed soil was confirmed.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.24 no.B
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• pp.207-214
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• 2004

An active stick which supplies force feedback to the operator is developed in this study. A mathematical model of the active stick is derived, and compared with the experimental result. It turns out that the frictional torque due to the mechanical contacts of several parts of the stick is one of the major barriers to achieve high precision operation of the stick. The frictional effect of the stick is cancelled out by using a friction observer. The efficacy of the friction observer is verified through the numerical simulation. Because of the observer dynamics, there are some limitations in exact recovering the static friction and Stribeck effect. However, the friction observer follows the real friction on the average. It's anticipated that the application of the friction observer to the closed loop control of the active stick improves the performance of the displacement versus force characteristics, which will be proved experimentally in the further study.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.417-426
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• 2001

The effect of silver particle introduction on the rolling friction of AISI 52100 steel pairs has been investigated. Experiments ware performed in dry conditions using a thrust bearing-type rolling test rig at a load range of 12-960 N and a sliding velocity range of 8-785 mm/sec with pure (99.99%) silver particles. Results showed that introduced silver particles formed transfer layers, which protected the virgin bearing surfaces and resulted in the low lolling friction. By changing the quantity of silver particles, transitions in the rolling friction were found. Results also showed that the variations in normal load and rolling speed also affected the rolling friction behavior. Analyses of SEM and EPMA showed that the formation the transfer layer was mainly governed by the silver particle quantity, normal load and rolling speed, and this resulted in the different behavior of rolling friction. In this study, it was found that the low and stable rolling friction was resulted from the, shakedown phenomena occurred at the silver transfer layer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.105-113
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• 2001

The effect of silver particle introduction on the rolling friction of AISI 52100 steel pairs has been investigated. Experiments were performed in dry conditions using a thrust bearing-type rolling test rig at a load range of 12 - 960 N and a sliding velocity range of 8 - 785 mm/sec with pure(99.99%) silver particles. Results showed that the introduced silver particles formed transfer layer, which protected virgin bearing surfaces and resulted in low rolling friction. By changing the quantity of silver particles, transitions in the rolling friction wear found. Results also showed that the variations in normal load and rolling speed also affected the rolling friction behavior. Analyses using SEM and EPMA showed that tile formation of transfer layer was mainly governed by the silver particle quantity, normal load and rolling speed, and this resulted in the different behavior of rolling friction. In this study, it was found that the low and stable rolling friction was resulted from the shakedown phenomena occurred at the silver transfer layer.