• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.80-84
• /
• 2009

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is an effective method to achieve low power design. In our work, we present an analytical DVFS method which judiciously exploits correlation information in runtime distribution while satisfying deadline constraints. The proposed method overcomes the previous distribution-aware DVFS method [2] which has pessimistic assumption on which runtime distributions are independent. Experimental results show the correlation-aware DVFS offers 13.3% energy reduction compared to existing distribution-aware DVFS [2].

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.623-633
• /
• 2020

Objectives: Since scaling has been covered by insurance, the number of patients undergoing scaling has increased. Simultaneously, legal disputes around scaling have increased. Therefore, this study was aimed at comparing the differences between the perceptions of dental hygienists and patients regarding the scaling procedure and providing dental hygienists with basic data to find ways to reduce disputes arising from these differences. Methods: A survey was conducted on 119 dental hygienists working in Busan and the South Gyeongsang Province and 110 patients who visited hospitals for scaling. Frequency analyses were performed for dental hygienists' scaling behavior and patient discomfort during scaling. The independent t-test and chi-square test were performed to compare the perceptions of dental hygienists and patients regarding the scaling procedure. Results: Polishing after scaling was performed according to 70.1% of dental hygienists but only 29.9% of patients. Oral health education was provided according to 20.4% of dental hygienists, while 79.6% of patients said that they received oral health education at the Dentiform. The scaling time was reported to be shorter by patients than by dental hygienists. Both dental hygienists and patients said that legal action was required if problems occurred during scaling, and the refund standard was that patients needed it more than dental hygienists. Conclusions: There are differences between the perceptions of dental hygienists and patients regarding scaling. Dental hygienists should identify these differences and try to prevent conflicts or disputes with patients around scaling.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.222-229
• /
• 2020

Recent multi-core processors for smart devices use per-core dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) that enables independent voltage and frequency control of cores. However, because the conventional task scheduler was originally designed for per-core DVFS disabled processors, it cannot effectively utilize the per-core DVFS and simply allocates tasks evenly across all cores to core utilization with the same CPU frequency. Hence, we propose a novel task scheduler to effectively utilize percore DVFS, which enables each core to have the appropriate frequency, thereby improving performance and decreasing energy consumption. The proposed scheduler classifies applications into two types, based on performance-sensitivity and allows a performance-sensitive application to have a dedicated core, which maximizes core utilization. The experimental evaluations with a real off-the-shelf smart device showed that the proposed task scheduler reduced 13.6% of CPU energy (up to 28.3%) and 3.4% of execution time (up to 24.5%) on average, as compared to the conventional task scheduler.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제57권3호
• /
• pp.421-428
• /
• 2008

The DVS(Dynamic Voltage Scaling) technique is the method to reduce the dynamic energy consumption. As using slack times, it extends the execution time of the big load operations by changing the frequency and the voltage of variable voltage processors. Researches, that controlling the energy consumption of the processors and the data transmission among processors by controlling the bandwidth to reduce the energy consumption of the entire system, have been going on. Since operations in multiprocessor systems have the data dependency between processors, however, the DVS techniques devised for single processors are not suitable to improve the energy efficiency of multiprocessor systems. We propose the new scheduling algorithm based on DVS for increasing energy efficiency of multiprocessor systems. The proposed DVS algorithm can improve the energy efficiency of the entire system because it controls frequency and voltages having the data dependency among processors.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.373-385
• /
• 1987

스케일된 웨이브 디지털 필터는 동적범위의 관점에서 최적화되어야 한다. 변압기 스케일링법은 웨이브 디지털 필터의 각 절점에서 이득을 같게 함으로 동적범위를 최대화하는데 목적이 있다. 본 논문에서는 회로망의 구성법과 샘플링 주파수의 영향을 연구하기 위하여 쌍대인 회로망과 상이한 주파수를 사용하였다. 스케일링 안한 WDF와 비교하면 변압기 스케일링법으로 스케일된 웨이브 디지털 필터에서 SNR이 7~35[dB]정도 개선되었다. 또한 샘플링 주파수가 증가함에 다라서 SNR은 연속적인 강하를 나타냈으나, 스케일링 영향으로 SNR이 강하하는 비율은 감소하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제57권9호
• /
• pp.1618-1623
• /
• 2008

In this paper, a new design method for IMC-PID that adds a phase scaling factor of system identifications to the standard IMC-PID controller as a control parameter is proposed. Based on analytically derived frequency properties such as gain and phase margins, this tuning rule is an optimal control method determining the optimum values of controlling factors to minimize the cost function, integral error criterion of the step response in time domain, in the constraints of design parameters to guarantee qualified frequency design specifications. The proposed controller improves existing single-parameter design methods of IMC-PID in the inflexibility problem to be able to consider various design specifications. Its effectiveness is examined by a simulation example, where a comparison of the performances obtained with the proposed tuning rule and with other common tuning rules is shown.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.801-805
• /
• 2009

하드웨어 기반 동적 전압 및 주파수 제어 시스템은 전역 비동기 지역 동기 시스템 설계 방식을 이용하여 동종의 멀티 코어 혹은 이종의 멀티 코어 시스템을 저전력으로 설계하기 위한 핵심 기술 중의 하나이다. 본 논문에서 하드웨어 기반 동적 주파수 제어 시스템의 FPGA 프로토타입 설계를 위해서 동적 주파수 제어기를 제안하고, 이를 FIFO 기반 멀티코어를 이용한 소프트웨어 정의 무선 설계와 네트워크 온 칩 기반의 하드웨어 HPEG2 인코더 설계에 적용하였다. 기존의 단일 주파수 시스템에 비해서 소프트웨어 정의 무선 설계의 경우 성능이 5.9% 하락하였지만, 전력소모는 78% 감소하였다. MPEG2 인코더 설계의 경우에 성능은 0.36% 하락하고 전력소모는 29.1% 감소하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 2008

휴대용 기기의 다양한 기능으로 인해 에너지 절약은 더욱 중요한 문제가 되고 있다. Dynamic Voltage Scaling(DVS)는 임베디드 기기에서 대표적으로 사용되는 에너지 절약 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 응용프로그램의 작업량 변화에 따라 프로세서의 동작 전압과 속도를 조절할 수 있는 DVS 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 DVS 알고리즘은 커널의 DVS 모듈과 응용프로기램의 작업량 변화를 관찰하는 함수로 구성되어 있으며 작업량이 급격히 증가 하거나 감소하는 경우 이에 알맞은 프로세서의 동작 수준을 결정함으로서 작업의 데드라인을 넘기지 않으면서도 전력 소비를 줄일 수 있도록 하였다. 제안된 DVS 알고리즘은 Linux 2.6 커널과 PXA270프로세서를 이용한 임베디드 시스템에서 구현되었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.977-985
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate Korean scaling fear (KSF)-1.1 and related factors in scaling patients. Methods : The subjects were 314 scaling patients in 7 dental clinics in Daegu from April to June, 2013. Data were analyzed for simple frequency rate, t-test and ANOVA(Sheffes's post hoc) for the identification of the differences between KSF-1.1 and variables. Multiple regression was analyzed for the impact of independent variable on the score of KSF-1.1. Results : Mean score of KSF-1.1 in 314 scaling patients was 2.60. Female patients (2.71) had a higher score than male (2.47) (p<0.01). Those who didn't get a regular dental check up(2.87) tended to have higher fear level than those who had regular checkup (2.46) (p<0.001). Those who experienced dental pain (2.90) had significantly higher score than those who had not (2.46) (p<0.001). There was a significant difference between three groups (yes 3.03, ordinary 2.79, and no 2.42) in scaling (p<0.001) and financial burden (p<0.001). Variables associated with score of KSF-1.1 were gender(${\beta}$=0.21, p<0.05), waiting time for scaling(${\beta}$=0.24, p<0.01) and financial burden (${\beta}$=0.22, p<0.02) by multiple regression analysis. Conclusions : The influencing factors of scaling were gender, financial burden, waiting time for scaling that may effect on a score of KSF-1.1.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.713-725
• /
• 2022

Mostly, artificial intelligence does not show any definite change in emotions. For this reason, it is hard to demonstrate empathy in communication with humans. If frequency modification is applied to neutral emotions, or if a different emotional frequency is added to them, it is possible to develop artificial intelligence with emotions. This study proposes the emotion conversion using the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) based voice frequency synthesis. The proposed method extracts a frequency from speech data of twenty-four actors and actresses. In other words, it extracts voice features of their different emotions, preserves linguistic features, and converts emotions only. After that, it generates a frequency in variational auto-encoding Wasserstein generative adversarial network (VAW-GAN) in order to make prosody and preserve linguistic information. That makes it possible to learn speech features in parallel. Finally, it corrects a frequency by employing Amplitude Scaling. With the use of the spectral conversion of logarithmic scale, it is converted into a frequency in consideration of human hearing features. Accordingly, the proposed technique provides the emotion conversion of speeches in order to express emotions in line with artificially generated voices or speeches.