• Title/Summary/Keyword: frequency counting

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섬진강 중.상류 수계에서 붕어 개체군의 생태학적 특성치 추정 (Estimation on Population Ecological Characteristics of Crucian Carp, Carassius auratus in the Mid-Upper System of the Seomjin River)

  • 장성현;류희성;이정호
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.318-326
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    • 2011
  • 섬진강 중 상류 수계에서 붕어의 자원량 및 자원관리의 기초로 사용되는 붕어의 개체군 생태학적 특성치를 추정하고자 하였다. 채집된 붕어의 전장은 95-288mm의 범위를 보였으며, 연령은 비늘의 윤문을 통해 결정하였다. 연령형질로서 비늘은 윤문이 뚜렷하게 구분되었으며, 이를 통해 확인된 최고 연령어는 5세로 나타났다. 전체 표본에서 2세 연령어가 가장 많은 양을 차지하였으며(n=38), 다음으로는 3세 연령어가 풍부하였다(n=22). 연변수지수 분석을 통해 매년 단일 윤문이 형성됨이 확인되었다. 체장과 체중 간의 관계식은 BW = $0.0038BL^{3.73}$($R^2$=0.96) (p<0.01)로 추정되었고, 인경과 체장 간의 관계식은 BL = 2.362R+2.76($R^2$=0.89)로 나타났다. 비선형 회귀분석을 통해 추정된 von Bertalanffy 성장 파라미터들은 이론적 최대체장 33.2cm이었으며, 이론적 최대체중 1,798.4g, 성장계수 0.20년$^{-1}$, 체장이 0일 때의 연령 -0.51년 등으로 추정되었다. von Bertalanffy에 의한 붕어의 성장식은 $L_t$ = 33.23($1-e-^{0.20(t+0.51)}$)($R^2$=0.98)로 확인되었다. 연간 생존율은 0.427년$^{-1}$로, 순간자연사망계수는 0.784년$^{-1}$로 추정되었으며, 순간어획사망계수는 0.067년$^{-1}$로 산출되었다. 생존율로부터 추정된 순간전사망계수는 0.851년$^{-1}$로 추정되었다.

전남지역 학교급식의 위생관리 실태 (Performance Status of Sanitary Management of School Food Service in the Jeonnam Area)

  • 고무석;정난희;이전옥
    • 한국가정과학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.51-67
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    • 2004
  • This study analyzed the effects of nutrition technicians' hygiene education on cooking workers' performance of hygiene management in order to ensure the security of school meals. The situation of cooking workers' disposition in subject schools was elementary school(51.1%) and middle school(48.9%) and the type of meals was rural area type(54.2%), urban type(36.5%). and island and isolated area type(9.3%). The methods of meals management were single cooking(88.2%) and joint cooking and management(11.8%). The type of distributing meals was distributing in a dining room(93.5%), in a classroom(3.7%), and in both dining room and classroom(2.8%). Nutrition technicians' employment form included regular(53.5%) and daily(88.2%). Their education was junior college graduate(50.2%), university graduate(44.8%). and graduate school students(5.0%). Cooking workers' employment form included daily(88.2%) and regular (11.1%). suggesting that most were regular. Most cooking workers(77.4%) had at least high school certificate. Regarding the situation of cooking workers' disposition in subject schools, the number of student per one cooking worker was found as 91-120(37.2%), 61-90(22.6%). 60 and under(21.l %). 121-15006.7%). and 151 and over(2.5%). Cooking workers' level of performance of hygiene management was post-working stage(66.37/75 marks), pre-working stage(64.22/75 marks). and working stage(20.34/25 marks), The counting of meals articles in a pre-working stage(20.34/25 marks). temperature and required time in a working stage(18.78/25 marks), and machinery equipment and hygiene in a pre-working stage(21.40/25 marks) showed lowest of performance, which suggest poor service of hygiene. Cooking workers' performance of hygiene management by working stage showed the significant difference with school class(p<.001), type of schools with meals(p<.05). state of cooking workers' employment(p<.001), and cooking worker's disposition(p<.05). A working stage showed the significant difference with type of schools with meals(p<.05). A post-working stage showed the significant difference according to type of schools with meals(p<.05), and the methods of meals management(p<.05), and cooking workers' disposition(p<.05). In the execution of hygiene education, individual hygiene was highest(94.8%), followed by the management of machinery equipment and tools(89.7%), food poisoning and microorganism(94.7%), and the method of food treatment(76.4%). A yearly plan of hygiene education included established(83.9%) and not established(l6.1%). Regular education included not executed(25.1%), 2-3 times a month(l6.1%), and more than 4 a month(4.0%) and occasional education was not executed(57.0%), 1-3 times a month(26.3%), and more than 4 a month(l5.7%). In the methods for hygiene education, oral education(95.7%) was used most, followed by demonstration(10.5%), poster/photo(10.5%), video/slide(3.7%), and computer(3.7%). Frequency of improvement and complement of hygiene education included once a month(56.3%), once a year(20.7%), by quarter(l1.5%), and every six months(1l.5%). Newspaper was used most in materials of hygiene education, followed by internet, TV, nutrition technician's reeducation, information exchange between members, educational office's training, and reference book, and educational office's material. and symposium. Cooking workers' assessment of the effect of hygiene education was conducted through observation(56.8%), check table(l5.2%), question(l4.0%), and examination(14.0%). The reason of cooking workers' low level of performance included habitual custom(53.9%), lack of understanding(20.4%), overwork(l4.6%), and lack of knowledge(l1.l%) and the reason of difficulty in hygiene education included lack of time(55.3%), lack of understanding(27.6%), lack of knowledge and information(8.7%), and lack of budget(48.0%).

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