• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.4 s.20
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• pp.288-294
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• 2005

Purpose: Superficially spreading (SS) early gastric cancer (EGC) is characterized by wide horizontal extension without deep vertical invasion. It is a relatively rare form of EGC, and it's clinicopathological (C-P) characteristics are not evident. This study aimed to clarify their C-P characteristics. Materials and Methods: We defined SS EGC as invading less than the submucosal layer that measured more than 60 mm in diameter or wider than $5{\times}5cm \;(25cm^2)$ in width. The C-P characteristics and prognosis were compared between 69 patients with SS EGC and 319 patients with the common type EGC (EGC except SS type). Results: For SS EGC lymph node metastases, Lauren's diffuse type, lymphatic invasion were significantly higher than in common type EGC. In patients with SS EGC, all of the metastatic lymph nodes were anatomically distributed within the paragastric region, with fewer along the left gastric artery and common hepatic artery. In 6 cases of SS EGC with resection marqins less than 10 mm, there was no death during the follow-up period (4 to 13 years after operation) if margins were not involved. Age (>58 yrs), tumor site (upper 1/3), lymph node metastasis, submucosal invasion were statistically significant poor prognostic factor in univariate survival analysis. In multivariate survival analysis, age and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors. However, tumor diameter or width was not a significant prognostic factor. Conclusion: Although SS EGC has histologically distinct properties, gastrectomy with free surgical margins and appropriate lymph node dissection $(D1+{\beta})$ could be a suitable treatment.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 1991

The amino acid constituents of Paragonimus westermani were very imperfectively known. Lee(1964) detected 9 amino acids in the tissue hydrolysates of P. westermani, and 13 amino acids were detected from the cyst content and body fluid constituents of P. ohirai, But, the quantity of amino acids in P. westermani is still unknown. In the present investigation 18 amino acids, the fundamental constituents of proteins, were quantitatively studied by high performance liquid chromatography. The results obtained were as follows : A total of 18 amino acids were recovered in protein hydrolysates of P. westermani obtained from cat. ; They were cystein, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine. glycine, histidine. arginine, threonine, alanine, proline, tyrosine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and lysin. Among them, glutamic acid was the most abundant form and tryptophan, cystein, methionine, and histidine constitute minor portion of hydrolysates. Compared to the normal P. westermani, the volume of hydrolysates obtained from the praziquantel(PZQ) treated worm-0.lug PZQ/ml saline for 6 hours incubation, and $3{\times}25$mg/kg bwt${\times}$2days in vivo treatment was generally increased except tryptophan. A total of 17 free amino acids were identified and the volume was 174.18 umol/1 gm wet weight P. westermaini. Among them, glycine and alanine constitute 28% of total volume. No significant differences were observed in the material obtained from worm treated with PZQ. However, slight increase of serine, arginine and the slight diminution of glutamic acid and proline was observed.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1969

To clarify the hematologic effects of the radioiodine ($^{131}I$) in therapeutic doses ($5{\sim}10$ mCi) on the various thyroid patients, authors studied the peripheral blood pictures of 396 goitrous patients before and after radioiodine ($^{131}I$) administrations in the Isotope Clinic of Seoul National University Hospital. Among these 396 cases of goiters, we gave 5 to 10 mCi of radioiodine ($^{131}I$) with single or fractionated administrations. The blood pictures of peripheral blood were repeated after 3 months in 40 cases of 65 cases who had been treated with $^{131}I$. The blood pictures of non-treated thyroid patients were compared with that of normal Korean values to clarify any difference between normal and goiter. The blood pictures of hyperthyroid patients treated with $^{131}I$ therapy were compared with the blood pictures of non-treated thyroid patients. The results were as following: 1) The incidence according to type: Toxic diffuse goiter: 35.4% Nontoxic nodular goiter: 29.7% Euthyroid: 13.8% Nontoxic diffuse goiter: 12.6% Hypothyroidism: 4.3% Thyroiditis($\bar{s}$ subacute form): 1.8% Toxic nodular goiter: 1.4% Malignancy: 1.0% 2) Age incidence: The range of distribution was 11 to 71 years. The peak incidence was found in the 4th decade of life. $80.6{\sim}82.6%$ of those 396 cases were found among the 3rd, 4th and the 5th decades of life. 3) Sex incidence: Sex ratio of male:female was 1:7.8. 4) The most outstanding findings in peripheral blood before treatment were decreased erythrocyte count and hemoglobin value in all types of thyroid diseases, especially in. the cases of hypothyroidism and thyroiditis. Hook worm-infested patients showed no significant difference in erythrocytes and hemoglobin values from those of other hook worm free patients. 5) Total leukocytes count was within normal range. Differential count of W.B.C. showed increased percentile of lymphocyte in diffuse toxic goiter and thyroiditis. 6) 39 cases of diffuse goiter treated with $^{131}I$ toxic showed amelioration in the anemia and restoration to normal range of lymphocyte count in association with increased percentile of neutrophiles 3 months after administration, except a case of toxic nodular goiter. One can observe anemia in slight degree, and increased lymphocytes count in hypothyroidism. Therapeutic dose of radioiodine ($^{131}I$) does not result any residual effect on the hematopoietic function. Radioiodine ($^{131}I$) therapy resulted in improvement of thyroid function in association of amelioration of pevious abnormal blood pictures. 7) Authors did not observe any myxedema resulted from radioiodine therapy during the 3 months period in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1142-1149
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• 2002

This study was designed to standardize recipe and analyze the nutrients of Aguyjjim (stewed angler), a kind of native local foods in Busan. The results of this study are summarized as follows. The form of angler and its way to catch for a bait were recorded in Jasanobo, but the recipe was not written. While angler was used as manure or feed once, it was boomed for Aguyjjim since 80's, accredited as high-quality fish and protein-rich food. The standard recipe of Aguyjjim was prepared (through 3 times experimental cooking), being based on the recipe of cookbooks and restaurants. Then standard recipe was subjected to sensory evaluation. All sensory properties (appearance, smell, texture etc.) of Aguyiiim were evaluated as “like slight S, moderately”in hedonic scale. Energy per 100 g of the Aguyjjim was 89 kcal. It contained protein (10.7 g), fat (1.3 g), fiber (2.6 g), Ca (45 mg), Fe (1.3 mg) and so on. Amino acid is mainly comprised glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Free amino acid contents such as asparagine, glutamic acid, taurine were high. Fatty acid primarily consisted of unsaturated fatty acid like oleic acid, linoleic acid. Traditional foods are based on that of local foods. However, there has been little study looking into the recipes and nutritional value of local foods. Aiming at development of traditional food, the present study offered the standard cuisine of Aguyiiim that is a kind of local foods in Busan. In addition, it presented the composition of nutrients, amino acids and fatty acids. This data would be helpful for houses, restaurants and food service facilities to revive the local foods.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2000

Members of the glycoprotein family, which includes CG, LH, FSH and TSH, comprise two noncovalently linked $\alpha$- and $\beta$-subunits. Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), known as PMSG, has a number of interesting and unique characteristics since it appears to be a single molecule that possesses both LH- and FSH-like activities in other species than the horse. This dual activity of eCG in heterologous species is of fundamental interest to the study of the structure-function relationships of gonadotropins and their receptors. CG and LH $\beta$ genes are different in primates. In horse, however, a single gene encodes both eCG and eLH $\beta$ -subunits. The subunit mRNA levels seem to be independently regulated and their imbalance may account for differences in the quantities of $\alpha$ - and $\beta$-subunits in the placenta and pituitary. The dual activities of eCG could be separated by removal of the N-linked oligosaccharide on the $\alpha$-subunit Asn 56 or CTP-associated O-linked oligosaccharides. The tethered-eCG was efficiently secreted and showed similar LH-like activity to the dimeric eCG. Interestingly, the FSH-like activity of the tethered-eCG was increased markedly in comparison with the native and wild type eCG. These results also suggest that this molecular can implay particular models of FSH-like activity not LH-like activity in the eCG/indicate that the constructs of tethered molecule will be useful in the study of mutants that affect subunit association and/or secretion. A single-chain analog can also be constructed to include additional hormone-specific bioactive generating potentially efficacious compounds that have only FSH-like activity. The LH/CG receptor (LH/CGR), a membrane glycoprotein that is present on testicular Leydig cells and ovarian theca, granulosa, luteal, and interstitial cells, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of gonadal development and function in males as well as in nonpregnant and pregnant females. The LH/CGR is a member of the family of G protein-coupled receptors and its structure is predicted to of a large extracellular domain connected to a bundle of seven membrane-spanning a-helices. The LH/CGR phosphorylation can be induced with a phorbol ester, but not with a calcium ionophore. The truncated form of LHR also was down-regulated normally in response to hCG stimulation. In contrast, the cell lines expressing LHR-t631 or LHR-628, the two phosphorylation-negative receptor mutant, showed a delay in the early phase of hCG-induced desensitization, a complete loss of PMA-induced desensitization, and an increase in the rate of hCG-induced receptor down-regulation. These results clearly show that residues 632~653 in the C-terminal tail of the LHR are involved in PMA-induced desensitization, hCG-induced desensitization, and hCG-induced down-regulation. Recently, constitutively activating mutations of the receptor have been identified that are associated with familial male-precocious puberty. Cells expressing LHR-D556Y bind hCG with normal affinity, exhibit a 25-fold increase in basal cAMP and respond to hCG with a normal increase in cAMP accumulation. This mutation enhances the internalization of the free and agoinst-occupied receptors ~2- and ~17- fold, respectively. We conclude that the state of activation of the LHR can modulate its basal and/or agonist-stimulated internalization. Since the internalization of hCG is involved in the termination of hCG actions, we suggest that the lack of responsiveness detected in cells expressing LHR-L435R is due to the fast rate of internalization of the bound hCG. This statement is supported by the finding that hCG responsiveness is restored when the cells are lysed and signal transduction is measured in a subcellular fraction (membranes) that cannot internalize the bound hormone.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.113-127
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• 2005

From the ancient times, incense was used for various usages including a means of beauty expression with flavor, a medicine for disease treatment and a device for religious event or ritual. The period of T'ang was the times when cultural and material exchanges with foreign countries were very actively made under the political openness of the Chinese nation. Here the exchanges were made mainly through inland trade, called Silk Road(絲綢之路) and marine trade routes, Incense Road(香料之路). This indicates that incense was one of the main items actively traded at that time. In addition, literatures of the T'ang period show that in the Chinese nation, a wide range of classes from the imperial family to the public used incense for many different purposes. This suggests that the culture of incense was deeply prevailed and very socially significant in T'ang. This study investigated social factors that promoted the incense culture of T'ang and the applications and types of incense widely used in the period of T'ang. First, influential religions and the openness of sex culture were main social factors that made incense culture flourish in the period of T'ang. Above all, two main religions of the Chinese nation, Buddhism and Taoism became secularized under political protection by the imperial family. As Buddhism was popularized, the Buddhist ritual of incense burning made a contribution to making public incense culture. Providing its doctrines of eternal youth and eternal life, Taoism necessarily used incense to form a Taoistic climate. The flourishment of the foresaid religion in T'ang added more fuel to that of incense culture in the Chinese nation. The openness of sex culture brought about the Inauguration of the empress, improvement in female position and free relationships between man and woman. It was accelerated by sexology as a method of eternal youth provided by Taoism. The opened culture also developed the culture of kibang where female entertainers called kinyeo consumed lots of incense for decoration and sexual desire stimulation. These open climates of T'ang society made a great contribution to making incense culture, especially for decoration, prevailed throughout the Chinese nation. Second, types of incense prevailed and widely used in the period of T'ang included olive incense, germander(廣藿香), olibnum(乳香), myrrh Resinoid(沒藥), jia Xiang(甲香), clove(丁香) and Shen xian(沈香), all of which were imported from foreign nations and had various applications. Specifically, olive incense, germander(廣藿香), olibnum(乳香) and myrrh Resinoid(沒藥) were used for religious purposes while, jia Xiang(甲香), clove(丁香) and Shen xian(沈香) for the purposes of religion and decoration. In conclusion, a number of social factors including political, religious and medical purposes and the openness of sex culture set fundamentals on which the culture of incense was extensively developed and established as a social trend in T'ang. In the Chinese nation, incense culture was not just an option for taste, but a part of life style social members needed to know. People of T'ang not only enjoyed incense mainly for purposes of religion, pleasure and make-up, but also had the wisdom to know various effects of incense, curiosity about such new things and the will to imitate and pursue alien culture, resultantly flourishing incense culture. Thus the culture of incense represented many social aspects of T'ang.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2005

Bioslurping combines the three remedial approaches of bioventing, vacuum-enhanced free-product recovery, and soil vapor extraction. Bioslurping is less effective in tight (low-permeability) soils. The greatest limitation to air permeability is excessive soil moisture. Optimum soil moisture is very soil-specific. Too much moisture can reduce air permeability of the soil and decrease its oxygen transfer capability. Too little moisture will inhibit microbial activity. So Modified Fenton reaction as chemical treatment which can overcome the weakness of Bioslurping was experimented for simultaneous treatment. Although the diesel removal efficiency of SVE process increased in proportion to applied vacuum pressure, SVE process was difficulty to remediation quickly semi- or non-volatile compounds absorbed soil strongly. And SVE process had variation of efficiency with distance from the extraction well and depth a air flow form of hemisphere centering around the well. Below 0.1 % hydrogen peroxide shows the potential of using hydrogen peroxide as oxygen source but the co-oxidation of chemical and biological treatment was impossible because of the low efficiency of Modified Fenton reaction at 0.1 % (wt) hydrogen peroxide. NTA was more efficiency than EDTA as chelating agent and diesel removal efficiency of Modified Fenton reaction increased in proportion to hydrogen peroxide concentration. Hexadecane as typical aliphatic compound was removed less than Toluene as aromatic compound because of its structural stability in Modified Fenton reaction. What minimum 10% hydrogen peroxide concentration has good remediation efficiency of diesel contaminated groundwater may show the potential use of Modified Fenton reaction after bioslurping treatment.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2008

Hydrophytes such as Spirodela polyrhiza form dormant turions to withstand cold winters. The turion is an anatomically distinct structure from which a vegetative frond arises later during germination. The turions sink to the bottom of the pond when temperatures drop and remain there throughout the winter. In the spring, they float to the surface and germinate into a new frond from the turion primordium. Unlike fronds, turions are known to possess small aerenchyma, starch grains, and relatively dense cytoplasm. These features allow the turions to survive the cold winter season at the bottom of the pond. Spirodela polyrhiza has been investigated previously to a great extent, especially in its physiological, biochemical and ecological attributes. However, a little is known about the structural features of the frond and turion during turion development. Thus, the aim of the present study was to reveal the structural characteristics of the frond and turion with regard to tissue differentiation, aerenchyma development, starch distribution, and ultrastructure, with the use of electron microscopy. A moderate degree of mesophyll tissue differentiation was found in the frond, whereas the turion did not exhibit such differentiation. Within the frond tissue, approximately $37{\sim}45%$ of the cellular volume was occupied by a large aerenchyma, but only $9{\sim}15%$ was taken up by the aerenchyma in the turion. The turion cells, especially those of the turion primordium, were derived from frond cells, and contained cytoplasm. Their cytoplasm was densely packed with plastids, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and microtubules. Plasmodesmata were also well developed within these cells. The most striking feature observed was the distribution of starch grains within the plastids of turion cells. Before the turion sank to the bottom of the pond, a considerable amount of starch accumulated in the plastid stroma. The starch grains dissolved when temperatures rose in the spring, and this promptly provided the nutrients which the primordium needed for turion germination. The turion therefore, was an appropriate dormant structure for free-floating, reduced hydrophytes like Spirodela polyhriza due to its small aerenchyma and large starch grains that aided in the purpose of sinking below the surface of the water to survive cold winters. The new fronds that arose from such turions grew rapidly in the spring, beginning the new life cycle.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.254-262
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• 1980

A series of experiment were carried out to separate the factor accelerating the lysis of cell wall of $Saccharomyces\;sak{\acute{e}}$ from the preparation of crude zymolyase obtained from Arthrobacter luteus. An attempt was also made to purify the enzyme which is essential for the study on the separation of the factor. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Crude zymolyase was fractionated 5 peaks $(A{\sim}E)$ containing three peaks $(A{\sim}C)$ passed through the column by the chromatography on Biogel CM-30. 2. Among the five peaks, peak E (protease fraction) was found to contain the factor accelerating the lytic activity of the zymolyase. 3. L-c fraction purified in almost free form from the nonlytic ${\beta}-1$, 3-glucanase, protease and inert protein by the affinity adsorption chromatography with Sephadex G-75 gel was obtained from zymolyase fraction (peak D). When it was subjected to polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis, only one clear protein band was observed at pH 4. 5, but still detected two or more band at pH 8. 3.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.27-47
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• 2018

In this study, we examine how land use zoning affects the land price controlling other variables such as road-facing condition of the land, land form, land age after its development and land size. We employ geographically weighted regression analysis which reflects spatial dependency as methodology with a data sample of land transaction price data of Jangyu, a new town, in Korea. The results of our empirical analysis show that the respective coefficients of traditional regression and geographically weighted regression are not significantly different. However, after calculating Moran's Index with residuals of both OLS and GWR models, we find that Moran's Index of GWR decreases around 26% compared to that of OLS model, thus improving the problem of spatial autoregression of residuals considerably. Unlike our expectation, though, in both traditional regression and geographically weighted regression where residential exclusive area is used as a reference variable, the dummy variable of the residential land for both housing and shops shows a negative sign. This may be because the residential land for both housing and shops is usually located in the level area while the residential exclusive area is located at the foot of a mountain or on a gentle hill where the residents can have good quality air and scenery. Although the utility of the residential land for both housing and shops is higher than its counterpart's since it has higher floor area ratio, amenity which can be explained as high quality of air and scenery in this study seems to have higher impact in purchase of land for housing. On the other hand, land for neighbourhood living facility seems to be valued higher than any other land zonings used in this research since it has much higher floor area ratio than the two land zonings above and can have a building with up to 5 stories constructed on it. With regard to road-facing condition, land buyers seem to prefer land which faces a medium-width road as expected. Land facing a wide-width road may have some disadvantage in that it can be exposed to noise and exhaust gas from cars and that entrance may not be easy due to the high speed traffic of the road. In contrast, land facing a narrow road can be free of noise or fume from cars and have privacy protected while it has some inconvenience in that entrance may be blocked by cars parked in both sides of the narrow road. Finally, land age variable shows a negative sign, which means that the price of land declines over time. This may be because decline of the land price of Jangyu was bigger than that of other regions in Gimhae where Jangyu, a new town, also belong, during the global financial crisis of 2008.