• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.222-227
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• 2012

In this study, nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of Polygonum aviculare (P. aviculare) extract was prepared and skin permeability of the nano-emulsion was evaluated. Nano-emulsion was prepared using homogenizer and microfluidizer by the high-energy method. The droplet size and loading efficiency of nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare extract were determined. The mean droplet size was 238 nm and the loading efficiency was more than 98%. The size distribution of nano-emulsion was a monodispersed form and nano-emulsion was more stable than that of using typical emulsion without using the microfluidizer. The in vitro skin permeation study of nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare extract was carried out using Franz diffusion cells. Compared to 1,3-butylene glycol, nano-emulsion showed greater values of cumulative permeation of ethyl acetate fraction from P. aviculare extract. These results indicate that the stability and skin permeability of nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare exerting anti-oxidative and anti-aging activities were enhanced.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and optimize permeability of slim patch type as a transdermal delivery system of caffein. Slim patch type was formulated and tested in modified Franz diffusion cell across cellulose membrane and hairless mouse skin in pH 5.8 phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The effect of $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ and drug concentration on permeation at four model, 1,2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ with $0.12\;mg/cm^2$ caffein and 0.12, $1.2\;mg/cm^2$ caffein with 2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ through hairless mouse skin was studied in vitro. The release of caffein from slim patch with various loading was fitted by the Higuchi's diffusion equation. The result showed that chemical $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ produced a large and significant increase of permeation. The effect of 2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ on permeation of caffein was greater about 10-fold greater than 1% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ in first 60 minutes. The effect of drug concentration, however, was lower than that produced by chemical $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$. Within the tested system, the most efficient combination for caffein slim patch type was $0.12\;mg/cm^2$ caffein with 2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR},$ although $1.2\;mg/cm^2$ caffein with 2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ showed highest amounts permeation, because permeated percentages were significantly lower about $1/4{\sim}1/5$ times.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2009

in the cosmetics and medical supply field as a antioxidant material. The stable nano particle emulsion of skin toner type containing VEA was prepared. To evaluate the skin permeation, experiments on VEA permeation to the skin of the ICR outbred albino mice (12 weeks, about 50 g, female) and on differences of solubility as a function of receptor formulations was performed. The analysis of nano-emulsions containing VEA 0.07 % showed that the higher ethanol contents the larger emulsions were formed, while the higher surfactant contents the size became smaller.In this study, vitamin E acetate (VEA, tocopheryl acetate), a lipid-soluble vitamin which is widely used A certain contents of ethanol in receptor phase increased VEA solubility on the nano-emulsion. When the ethanol contents were 10.0 % and 20.0 %, the VEA solubility was higher than 5.0 % and 40.0 %, respectively. The type of surfactant in receptor solution influenced to VEA solubility. The comparison between three kind surfactants whose chemical structures and HLB values are different, showed that solubility of VEA was increased as order of sorbitan sesquioleate (Arlacel 83; HLB 3.7) > POE (10) hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-10; HLB 6.5) > sorbitan monostearate (Arlacel 60; HLB 4.7). VEA solubility was also shown to be different according to the type of antioxidant. In early time, the solubility of the sample including ascorbic acid was similar to those of other samples including other types of antioxidants. However, the solubility of the sample including ascorbic acid was 2 times higher than others after 24 h. Franz diffusion cell experiment using mouse skin was performed with four nano-emulsion samples which have different VEA contents. The emulsion of 10 wt% ethanol was shown to be the most permeable at the amount of 128.8 ${\mu}g/cm^2$. When the result of 10 % ethanol content was compared with initial input of 220.057 ${\mu}g/cm^2$, the permeated amount was 58.53 % and the permeated amount at 10 % ethanol was higher 45.0 % and 15.0 % than the other results which ethanol contents were 1.0 and 20.0 wt%, respectively. Emulsion particle size used 0.5 % surfactant (HCO-60) was 26.0 nm that is one twentieth time smaller than the size of 0.007 % surfactant (HCO-60) at the same ethanol content. Transepidermal permeation of VEA was 54.848 ${\mu}g/cm^2$ which is smaller than that of particlesize 590.7 nm. Skin permeation of nano-emulsion containing VEA and difference of VEA solubility as a function of receptor phase formulation were determined from the results. Using these results, optimal conditions of transepidermal permeation with VEA were considered to be set up.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.816-820
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• 2005

Polysaccharide-based dressings have increasingly become viable alternatives to somewhat less biocompatible and often problematic cotton or viscose gauzes traditionally used for wound dressings. Polysaccharide which is particularly abundunt in Agaricus blazei Murill is known as the bioactive materials. Polysaccharide extracted from Agaricus blazei Murill enhances the recovery of the damaged epidermal tissue and the production of epithelial cell growth factors which are necessary to heal the burn and wound on the epidermal tissue. In this study, the biopolymer delivery system of polysaccharide extracted from Agaricus blazei Murill into epidermal tissue was elucidated using the skin permeating enhancer in vitro. The enhancing effects of various penetration enhancers and some other enhancers on the permeation of ${\beta}-glucan$ were evaluated using Franz diffusion cell. Permeation of polysaccharide in nomal and burn skin was compared. Polysaccharide was studied for the burn and wound healing activity in the epidermal tissue on rats.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 2024

Collagen, as an indicator of skin health, has been developed and used for various purposes. The development of an optimized collagen product suitable for use has become an important research field as the consumption of collagen increases. In particular, various efforts are being made to increase its absorption rate. In this study, the transdermal and oral epithelial cell permeabilities of various molecular weight collagen products sold in Korea were compared using a Franz diffusion cell system. The collagen absorption rate of oral mucosal tissue compared to skin epidermis/dermis tissue was significantly higher than that of collagen at M.W. 500 and 1,000 (approximately 10 times and 2 times higher, respectively). Additionally, collagen with a molecular weight of 500 Da increased the absorption rates by 2-3 times compared with products with a molecular weight of 1,000. Collagen with a molecular weight of 500 Da showed the highest Cmax and AUCt values, and all parameters in the oral mucosal cell test group were higher than those in the skin epidermis/dermis cells. Our findings suggest an increased absorption rate through oral mucosal cells rather than skin absorption, confirming that low molecular weight collagen is a major factor increasing the absorption rate.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.347-355
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• 2013

In this study, the porous cellulose hydrogel as a carrier to enhance the skin delivery of quercetin and its glycoside, rutin known as flavonoid antioxidants was prepared and its properties were investigated. The optimum cellulose hydrogel for quercetin and rutin was made by the reaction of 2 wt% cellulose with 12% ECH. In the release test of the hydrogel containing the flavonoids, the release of quercetin was diffusion-controlled at $10{\sim}500{\mu}M$, but rutin was released by the erosion of hydrogel system at $10{\sim}50{\mu}M$. Both the encapsulation efficiency and release amount of rutin in hydrogel were higher than quercetin. However, in skin permeation experiment using Franz diffusion cell, quercetin showed higher skin permeation capacity than rutin. The hydrogel containing flavonoids showed remarkable transdermal permeation than the control group. These results suggest that porous cellulose hydrogel is potential drug delivery system to enhance transdermal permeation of water-insoluble flavonoid antioxidants.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.296.1-296.1
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• 2003

Purpose. External gel formulations of prostaglandin E1 ethyl ester (PGE1-EE), a prod rug of PGE1 as a therapeutic agent for erectile dysfunction, were tried and evaluated by in vitro skin penetration characteristics and in vivo pharmacodynamic effects in cat. Method. The in vitro skin penetration was performed with Franz diffusion cell and examined in aspects of alcohol/polyol ratios and various enhancers. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.236.2-236.2
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• 2003

For the purpose to treatment of skin disease genipoiside and hydrolyzed product of Gardeniae Fructus were studied on skin permeation and crosslinking of a biologied tissue. Geniposide was hydrolyzed to genipin by ${\beta}$-glucosidase and the rate of hydrolysis was rapid on the condition of high temperature of medium and high concentration of ${\beta}$-glucosidase. The permeation enhancing effects of geniposide and genipin under cream and gel preparations were tested using Franz type diffusion cell and the skin of hairless mouse. (omitted)

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.320-326
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• 2013

In a previous study, we investigated the antioxidative and cellular protective effects of Parthenocissus tricuspidata stem extracts. In this study, we prepared nano-emulsion containing P. tricuspidata stem extract to improve skin permeation. The particle size of the nano-emulsion using the microfluidizer was 302 nm. Its loading efficiency was over 86%. The size distribution of the nano-emulsion took a monodispersed form and the nano-emulsion was more stable than typical emulsion without using microfluidizer during a 2 week period. In vitro skin permeation study of nano-emulsion containing P. tricuspidata stem extracts was carried out using Franz diffusion cell. The 1,3-butylene glycol used as a control group had 32.59% skin permeation efficiency. The skin permeation efficiency of the nano-emulsion was 42.47%. Also, we observed the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction on skin flora for prospective applications as a natural antimicrobial. The ethyl acetate fraction had antibacterial activities higher than methyl paraben on Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. These results indicate that nano-emulsion containing P. tricuspidata stem extracts could possess valued applications in cosmetic formulations for improving skin permeation. Also, based on the antibacterial activities on skin flora, antioxidative and cellular protective effects shown in our previous study, we suggest that P. tricuspidata stem extracts could be used as functional cosmetic materials.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.133-145
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• 2020

This study utilized nano-liposomes for the purpose of stabilizing and increasing the solubility of biotin, a water-soluble active material with low solubility. The particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index were confirmed with a nano zetasizer. It was possible to manufacture nano liposomes at 100 to 250 nm of particle size and -80 to -30 mV of zeta potential. Dialysis membrane method (DMM) was used to measure the capsulation efficiency of biotin in biotin nano-liposomes, and results showed that pH increased biotin nano-liposomes had higher capsulation efficiency than normal biotin nano-liposome. Through this experiment, it was confirmed that the pH has a great influence on the stability of biotin nano-liposomes. In vitro franz diffusion cell method was used to measure in vitro skin absorption rate of biotin nano-liposomes. The shape of the formulation and biotin solubility in nano-liposome was observed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Through this study, we confirmed that biotin, which is introduced as closely related to hair health, can be incorporated into a nano-liposome drug delivery system, to make biotin nano-liposome with improved solubility and precipitation problems.