• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2002

Korean safflower seed has been known to have healing effects on both bone fracture and osteoporosis. On the base of such a notice, this experiment was carried out to explore the effects of safflower seed on bone formation and bone repair. The toxicity test and the effect of Korean safflower seed were evaluated with 60 rats, 3-month old. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats composed of 20 male and 20 female were underwent unilateral tibial defect and then fastened with unilateral fixators. The operated rats were divided into two groups depending on the composition of diet, such as positive control group fed normal diet(C-OP group) and safflower seed group fed 30% of safflower seed diet and 70% of normal diet(S-OP group). Another 20 rats without operation were maintained, each 10 rats were fed either normal diet or 30% of safflower seed diet and 70% of normal diet, and observed the toxicity of safflower seed by measuring weight and urine parameters. Postoperative radiography were taken once in 2 weeks to evaluate callus formation for operated groups and blood collection via heart puncture were carried out once in 3 weeks for 3 groups. The concentration of Ca and Pi in serum were measured using both auto Kit and $^{31}$ P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR). At present study, no toxic effect was observed from both weight increment and urine index after feeding the safflower seed diet. The comparison of the radiography between C-OP and S-OP group were showed that the safflower seed diet appeared to stimulate the formation of callus in the rat. The ratio of Ca/P in serum was low in S-OP group compared to C-OP group with the auto Kit, but there were no significant differences between two groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the variations of Pi values in NMR examination were also confirmed based on the result of auto Kit. In conclusion, this study implied that safflower seed might influence to bone formation and shorten the periods of remedy by stimulating the calcification of bone

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.552-557
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• 2018

Vitamin D plays a major role in bone metabolism, and its deficiency has an impact on fracture risk and healing. Low vitamin D levels are a cause of poor bone mineralization and have been associated with a significantly higher risk of physeal injury in children. This paper presents a case of a 13-year-old boy with a vitamin D deficiency, who sustained multiple sequential epiphyseal injuries at various areas. This report suggests that vitamin D deficiency is not only a significant cause of the clinical disease itself, but also an important factor affecting the successful recovery of injuries.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.292-296
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• 2022

Objectives: During Le Fort I osteotomy, the separation of the pterygomaxillary junction (PMJ) is a difficult procedure for most surgeons because it is invisible. In this process, damage to the posterior structures constituting the sinus or those adjacent to it, including the maxillary sinus posterior wall and pterygoid plate, may occur. We would like to investigate the effects of this on the inside of the maxillary sinus after surgery and whether there are complications. Materials and Methods: One-hundred patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy from 2013 to 2020 using cone-beam computed tomography images were classified into two groups (clean-cut type and fractured type) according to the PMJ cutting pattern. In addition, the mucosal thickness in the maxillary sinus was divided into preoperative, postoperative three months, one year, and the change over the course of surgery was evaluated retrospectively. Results: Of the total 100 cases, the clean-cut type numbered 28 cases and the fractured type totaled 72 cases. Among the fracture types, part of the sinus wall and the pterygoid plate were broken in 69 cases, and the maxillary sinus posterior wall was detached in three cases. There was no statistically significant difference in sinus mucosal thickening between the clean-cut type and fractured type of the PMJ, three months and one year after surgery between the two groups. However, there was a significant difference in sinus mucosal thickness at postoperative one year in the case where a partial detachment of the maxillary sinus posterior wall occurred compared to not. Conclusion: Even if there is some damage to the structures behind the PMJ, it may not be reasonable to spend some time on the PMJ separation process considering the overall postoperative complications, if there is no significant difference inside the sinus, or increased probability of postoperative complications.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.215-218
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• 2022

The rectum is the least frequently injured organ in trauma, with an incidence of about 1% to 3% in trauma cases involving civilians. Most rectal injuries are caused by gunshot wounds, blunt force trauma, and stab wounds. A 46-year-old male patient was crushed between two vehicles while he was working. He was hemodynamically unstable, and the Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma showed hemoperitoneum and hemoretroperitoneum; therefore, damage control surgery with pelvic packing was performed. A subsequent whole-body computed tomography scan showed a displaced pelvic bone and sacrum fracture. There was evidence of an anorectal full-thickness laceration and urethral laceration. In second-look surgery performed 48 hours later, the pelvis was stabilized with external fixators, and it was decided to proceed with loop sigmoid colostomy. A tractioned rectal probe with an internal balloon was positioned in order to approach the flaps of the rectal wall laceration. On postoperative day 13, a radiological examination with endoluminal contrast injected from the stoma after removal of the balloon was performed and showed no evidence of extraluminal leak. Rectosigmoidoscopy, rectal manometry, anal sphincter electromyography, and trans-stomic transit examinations showed normal findings, indicating that it was appropriate to proceed with the closure of the colostomy. The postoperative course was uneventful. The optimal management for extraperitoneal penetrating rectal injuries continues to evolve. Primary repair with fecal diversion is the mainstay of treatment, and a conservative approach to rectal lacerations with an internal balloon in a rectal probe could provide a possibility for healing with a lower risk of complications.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2023

Fractures in the horse industry are challenging and a common cause of death in racehorses. To accelerate fracture healing, tissue engineering (TE) provides promising ways to regenerate bone tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the osteogenic effects of biphasic calcium phosphate collagen (BCPC) graft, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatments in horses. Four thoroughbred horses were included in the study, and, in each horse, three cortical defects with a diameter of 5 mm and depth of 10 mm were formed in the third metacarpal bones (MC) and metatarsal bones (MT). The defects were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups (saline, BCPC, BMP2, MSC, PRP, and control). Injections of saline, BMP2, PRP, or MSCs were made at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after defect surgery. Bone regeneration effects were assessed by radiography, quantitative computed tomography (QCT), micro-computed tomography (μCT), histopathological, and histomorphometric evaluation. The new bone ratio (%) in the histomorphometric evaluation was higher in the BMP2 group than in the control and saline groups. Radiographic and QCT values were significantly higher in the BCPC groups than in the other groups. QCT values of the BMP2 group were significantly higher than in the control and saline groups. The present study demonstrated that BCPC grafts were biologically safe and showed osteoconductivity in horses and the repeated injections of BMP2 without a carrier can be simple and promising TE factors for treating horses with bone fractures.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.280-288
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• 2013

Hua-Tuo(145-208) created five "WuQinXi" exercise by imitating the movements of a tiger, a deer, a bear, a monkey and a bird. The "WuQinXi" exercise, one of the medical Qi-gongs, is an exercise maximizing human's self healing power and has been effective significantly at several modern researches. There are many exercise therapies in western medcine, such as Willamss flexion exercise, Mckenzie's extension exercise, vertebral stabilization exercise and so on. However, there isn't a special exercise therapy which can be applied for medical practice in oriental medicine. So We selected some motions from "WuQinXi" exercise, which are suitable for lumbar spinal disease, and analyzed them. After that, We assorted them by kinds of lumbar spinal disease. First, We selected 22 motions which are related with lumbar movements from 3 type "WuQinXi" exercises ; 10 mode, 15 mode, 18 mode. And then, We classified them according to lumbar movements as flexion, extention, lateral bending and rotation, and also functions as stabilization and rubbing. Next, with these classifications, We assorted those motions by kinds of lumbar spinal disease as HIVD(herniation of intervertebral disc), spinal stenosis, spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, facet joint syndrome, compression fracture and spondylosis. We expect that trying "WuQinXi" exercise at clinic in this way, the particular exercise therapy of oriental medicine, "WuQinXi" exercise will become more popular. And Oriental medical doctors will be able to teach patients "WuQinXi" exercise's motions easily at clinic, depending on kinds of lumbar spinal disease each patient suffers from. We plan to study more about 20 mode, 30 mode, 40 mode and the effect of "WuQinXi" exercise by comparing patients who do the "WuQinXi" exercise with the patients who do the western medical exercise therapy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.291-299
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• 2006

During long bone lengthening, there are many disadvantages including axial deviation, malalignment and re-fracture which are commonly encountered inspite of its proven abilities. To study the effects of intramedullary K-wire application on the lengthening of long bone, ten skeletally mature mongrel dogs were separated into two groups(Group I, II). Right femurs of group I(5 dogs) were fixed with only monolateral external fixator after subperiosteal osteotomy. Right femurs of group II(5 dogs) were fixed with mono lateral external fixator and intramedullary K-wire after subperiosteal osteotomy. Lengthening was started at 7 days after the surgery with the rate of 0.5 mm per day for 5 weeks and the dogs were sacrificed after 15 weeks postoperatively to examine histologic differences and evaluate bone mineral density. Radiographic examination at an interval of two weeks was done to evaluate the type of callus formed and to analyze complications including instability of external skeletal fixation and axial deviation. Bone mineral density at the lengthened area and contralateral nonlengthened area were measured using quantitative computerized tomography. Histological examination of regenerated bone was performed using Masson's trichrome stain method. The radiographs demonstrated poor callus formation, higher incidence of axial deviation and screw loosening in the group I compared to the group II. The bone mineral density at the lengthened area in the group II was higher than that of the group I(P<0.05). Histological examination showed that the new bone trabeculae in the group II were greater than that of the group I. In conclusion, the combination of monolateral external fixator and intramedullary K-wire can prevent pin loosening, axial deviation and reduce healing period in dogs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2005

Chemotactic migration of bone forming cell, osteoblast, is an important event during bone formation, bone remodeling, and fracture healing. Migration of cells is mediated by adhesion receptors, such as integrins, that link the cell to extracellular matrix ligands, type I collagen, fibronectin, laminin and depend on interaction between integrin and extracellular ligand. Our study was designed to investigate the effect of extracellular matrix like fibronectin, laminin, type I collagen on migration of osteoblast. Migration distance and speed of MC3T3-E1 cell on extracellular matrix-coated glass were measured for 24 hours using 0.01% type I collagen, 0.01% fibronectin, 100 microliter/ml laminin. The migration distance and speed of MC3T3-E1 cell was compared using a video-microscopy system. To determine migration speed, cells were viewed with a 4 phase- contrast lens and video recorded. Images were captured using a color CCD camera and saved in 8-bit full-color mode. The migration distance on 0.01% type I collagen or 0.01% fibronectin was longer than that on $100{\mu}l/ml$ laminin-coated glass. The migration speed on fibronectin-coated glass was 68 micrometer/hour which was fastest. The migration speed on type I collagen-coated glass was similar with that on fibronectin-coated glass. The latter two migration speeds were faster than that on no-coated glass. On the other hand, the average migration speed on laminin-coated glass was 37micrometer/hour and not different from that of control group. In conclusion, the extracelluar matrix ligands such as type I collagen and fibronectin seem to play an important role in cell migration. The type I collagen or fibronectin coated scaffold is more effective for migration of osteoblast in tissue engineering process.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.259-269
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• 2003

The ideal goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue repair of function. Although is very difficult to attain the goal, recent advances in periodontal wound healing concepts encourage hope reaching it. Recently many efforts are concentrated on the regeneration potential of material used in traditional Korean medicine. Phlomidis Radix has been used for the treatment of blood stasis, bone fracture and osteoporosis in traditional Korean medicine. The purpose of this study is to examine effects of dichloromethane fraction Phlomidis Radix on Bone Formation in Human Fetal Osteoblasts. Human fetal osteoblastic cell line(hFOB1 1.19 ;American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA) were used and cells were cultured containing DMEM and dichloromethane fraction Phlomidis Radix(100 ng/ml , 1 ${\mu}$/ml, 10 ${\mu}$/ml) at 34$^{\circ}C$ with 5% $CO_2$ in 100% humidity. MTT was performed to examine the viability of the cell, and alkaline phosphatase activity was analyzed to examine the mineralization. Also bone calcification nodules were evaluated. The cellular activity of hFOB1 was increased in 100 ng/ml, 1 ${\mu}$/ml , 10 ${\mu}$/ml of dichloromethane fraction of Phlomidis Radix and especially significant increation was showed in 100 ng/ml of dichloromethane fraction of Phlomidis Radix at 6days (p <0.05). ALP level of hFOB1 was significantly increased in 100 ng/ml , 1 ${\mu}$/ml, 10 ${\mu}$/ml of dichloromethane fraction of Phlomidis Radix and especially more increation was showed in 10 ${\mu}$/ml of dichloromethane fraction of Phlomidis Radix (p <0,05). Calcification nodules of hFOB1 significantly increased in 10 ${\mu]$/ml of dichloromethane fraction of Phlomidis Radix at 21 days of incubation(p<0.05). The results indicate that dicholoromethane fraction of Phlomidis Radix has excellent effects on mineralization of hFOB1.

• Composites Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.219-224
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• 2014

Nancomposites manufacture has been developed rapidly, because of reinforcing effects of CNT in terms of mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. In this study, 10 wt% CNT paste was fabricated with good dispersion state and easy processability. Damage sensing and reinforcing effect of CNT paste were investigated in nanocomposites. 10 wt% CNT paste exhibited better tensile and flexural properties than those of general 1 wt% CNT nanocomposites. To observe the healing effect of CNT paste, a crack was made artificially with 30wt% CF30wt%/PP composites, and the CNT paste was filled inside the crack. The damage sensing of CNT paste in CF30wt%/PP composites was investigated by electrical resistance measurement and mechanical tests. CNT paste exhibited good reinforcing effect in mechanical properties of CF30wt%/PP composites, and this reinforcing effect was getting better with larger cracks. The reason was because CNT paste had good interfacial adhesion with CF30wt%/PP composites to resist crack propagation. In electrical resistance measurement, there was a jump in electrical resistance signal at the adhesion interface. The jumping signal could be used to predict fracture of CF/PP composites. CNT nanocomposites for damage sensing had crack reducing effect and damage detection using electrical resistance method.