• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.141-152
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• 2001

The waterway tunnel zone (length 1,484m) in the Hyeonseo-myeon area that is a part of Yeongcheon dam waterway tunnel has been studied to characterize the relationship between groundwater inflow into the waterway tunnel and hydrogeologic characteristics. The effects of sandstone thickness in the tunnel section. fracture density, fracture aperture and spacing, fault zone width and hydraulic conductivity on the early inflow (inflow prior to the lining and grouting) are investigated. The relationship between fracture density and hydraulic conductivity is also considered. The result of the study suggests that fault zone width has the greatest effect on groundwater inflow into the tunnel, and sandstone thickness, hydraulic conductivity and fracture density in order shows an influence on the inflow.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 1987

The effect of applied stress, current density and heat-treatment after welding on the time to fracture, fracture behavior was investigated by the method of constant load tensile testing under catholic charging with hydrogen in E.B. welded 250,300 Grade 18% Ni Maraging steel sheet. The main results obtained are as follows: 1. All specimen showed the characteristic delayed failure and the time to fracture showed decreasing tendency with the increase in current density and applied stress. 2. Hydrogen embitterment susceptibility of notched specimen after solution-treatment and aging after welding was more increased than that of aged smooth specimen and as welded specimen. 3. Fracture surface showed a typical intergranular fracture on the border, a dimple pattern in the center of specimen and some quasi-cleavage fracture between the intergranular and the dimple.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.147-152
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• 1999

Distribution of fracture system is an important factor to analyse instability of jointed rock slope. In the most case of rock slopes, joint distribution properties are related to potential, shape, size and locality of slope failure. The purpose of this paper is to present an application of fracture characterization related to rock slope failure. Fracture data used in this study are collected by scanline survey. Two aspects of fracture characterization for rock slope are handled in this study First, In order to determine the potential and shape of slope failure, trace length of joints is considered as the weighting factor about collected orientation data. Second, Relationship between trace length and spacing is analysed to estimate failure location and size. The distribution of fracture system is directly influenced on wedge failure. It is effective to analyse the orientation of fractures by using weighting factors associated with the trace length of fractures rather than to analyse only that of fractures. It gives a conclusion that the wedge failure occurred along the peak of fracture density(or intensity) cycles.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2002

The femoral fracture is the most serious problem of old ages haying osteoporotic fractures. First of all, prevention to reduce the incidence of hip fracture and to identify the risk factor is essential subject. The purpose of this study is to investigate which geometric parameters of proximal femur are related to the hip fracture risk in old ages. Author analyzed the bone density and bone content of over 60 years old women who had suffered hip fracture (n=60) and non fracture groups (n=60). Author concluded that geometric measurements of proximal femoral part made on dual energy x-ray absorptiometry can predict hip fracture independently of bone mineral density.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.73-85
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• 1999

Yield and fracture are separated in the tensile failure of paper. Failure in the machine direction of photocopy paper is contrasted with failure in the cross-machine direction . The ratios of distortion (shape change) to dilatation (volume change) for individual elements at yield and fracture are described. The ratios of distortion to dilatation are measured and compared to predicted values of the strain energy density theory. To evaluate the effect of the angle from the principal material direction on the strain energy density theory. To evaluate the effect of the angle from the principal material direction on the strain energy density factor, samples are prepared from machine direction to cross-machine direction in 15 degree intervals. the strain energy density of individual elements are obtained by the integration of stress from finite element analysis with elastic plus plastic strain energy density theory. Poison's ratio and the angle from the principal material direction have a great effect ion the ratio fo distortion to dilatation in paper. During the yield condition, distortion prevails over dilatation . At fracture, dilatation is at a maximum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.284-287
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• 2005

The flow of groundwater in fractured medium is related to the geometric characteristics of the fracture system. And a fracture aperture and a fracture density are considered as important factor concerning the permeability. Data acquisition of the properties of fracture such as aperture and density is so difficult and has uncertainty. We also cannot know the fracture characteristics through the in-situ tests. We usually obtain the fracture information from a ultrasonic scan logging or borehole television indirectly. Using the deduced results, we can make the fracture system and simulate the groundwater flow and solute transport in the crystalline rock. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the properties of fracture and hydraulic conductivities obtained at the same interval. The properties of fracture are examined by acoustic televiwer and hydraulic conductivities are obtained by constant Pressure injection test. The distributioin of fracture width and fracture frequency shows the log-normal probability plot. And, Results of correlation analysis explain that opened type fractures have proper relation with hydraulic conductivity. But, as though there are semi-opened type fractures or closed type fractures, those have the permeable structure.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.450-461
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• 2015

Extensive numerical experiments have been carried out to investigate effect of block size and fracture geometry on hydraulic characteristics of fractured rock masses based on connected pipe flow in DFN systems. Using two fracture sets, a total of 72 2-D fracture configurations were generated with different combinations of fracture size distribution and deterministic fracture density. The directional block conductivity including the theoretical block conductivity, principal conductivity tensor and average block conductivity for each generated fracture network system were calculated using the 2-D equivalent pipe network method. There exist significant effects of block size, orientation, density and size of fractures in a fractured rock mass on its hydraulic behavior. We have been further verified that it is more difficult to reach the REV size for the fluid flow network with decreasing intersection angle of two fracture sets, fracture plane density and fracture size distribution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.186-186
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• 2009

The characterization strategy of fracture networks are classified into a deterministic or statistical characterization according to the type of required information. A deterministic characterization is most efficient for a sparsely fractured system, while the statistics are sufficient for densely fractured rock. In this study, the ensemble mean and variability of the effective connectivity is systematically analyzed with various density values for different network structures of a power law size distribution. The results of high resolution Monte Carlo analyses show that statistical characteristics can be a necessary information to determine the transport properties of a fracture system when fracture density is greater than a percolation threshold. When the percolation probability (II) approaches unity with increasing fracture density, the effective connectivity of the network can be safely estimated using statistics only (sufficient condition). It is inferred from conditional simulations that deterministic information for main pathways can reduce the uncertainty in estimation of system properties when the network becomes denser. Overall results imply that most pathways need to be identified when II < 0.5 statistics are sufficient when II $\rightarrow$ 1 and statistics are necessary and the identification of main pathways can significantly reduce the uncertainty in estimation of transport properties when 0.5$\ll$1. It is suggested that the proper estimation of the percolation probability of a fracture network is a prerequisite for an appropriate conceptualization and further characterization.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.2304-2311
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• 2021

The dislocation density in strain-hardened Alloy 690 was analyzed using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to study the relationship between the local plastic strain and susceptibility to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in nuclear power plants. The test material was cold-rolled at various thickness reduction ratios from 10% to 40% to simulate the strain-hardening condition of plant components. The dislocation densities were measured at grain boundaries (GB) and in grain interiors of strain-hardened specimens from STEM images. The dislocation density in the grain interior monotonically increased as the strain-hardening proceeded, while the dislocation density at the GB increased with strain-hardening up to 20% but slightly decreases upon further deformation to 40%. The decreased dislocation density at the GB was attributed to the formation of deformation twins. After the PWSCC growth test of strain-hardened Alloy 690, the fraction of intergranular (IG) fracture was obtained from fractography. In contrast to the change in the dislocation density with strain-hardening, the fraction of IG fracture increased remarkably when strain-hardened over 20%. From the results, it was suggested that the PWSCC growth behavior of strain-hardened Alloy 690 not only depends on the dislocation density, but also on the microstructural defects at the GB.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.365-372
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• 2010

This paper was to evaluate the influence of kiln process parameter(kiln angle, kiln rotating speed) of lightweight aggregate using waste glass and bottom ash with industrial by-products on thermal conductivity, density, water absorption, fracture load and porosity by response surface analysis. In the results of surface plot and contour plot, it has verified that kiln residence time of lightweight aggregate increase as kiln angle and rotating speed decreases. For this reason, pore size and quantity tend to increase by active reaction of forming agent. It seems to be that increase in pore size and quantity have caused decreasing density, fracture load and thermal conductivity, and increasing water absorption. In conclusion, optimization of kiln process parameter on thermal conductivity, density, water absorption, fracture load and porosity by response surface analysis are kiln angle 2.4646%, kiln rotating speed 40.7089 rpm.