• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.212-222
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• 2015

Experiments were conducted on the immobilization of eight heavy metals (HMs) (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) during 20-day rotary drum composting of water hyacinth. The Tessier sequential extraction procedure was used to investigate the fractionation of HMs. The eco-toxicity risk of HMs was assessed by risk assessment code (RAC). In the results, the bioavailability factor (BAF) for different HMs presented in the following order: Mn > Zn = Fe > Cu > Cr > Cd = Pb > Ni. The total concentration of Pb was higher than that of Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd and Cr; however, its BAF was the lowest among these HMs. These results confirmed that the eco-toxicity of HMs depends on bioavailable fractions rather than on the total concentration. The greatest reduction in bioavailability and eco-toxicity risk of HMs occurred in lime 1% and 2% as compared to control and lime 3%. The eco-toxicity risk of Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr was reduced from low risk to zero risk by rotary drum composting. These studies demonstrated the high efficiency of the rotary drum for degrading compost materials and for reducing the bioavailability and eco-toxicity risk of HMs during the composting process.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.413-419
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• 1998

Acetaminophen 자화성 Pseudomonas sp.에 존재하는 aryl acylamidase[EC 3.5.1.13]는 ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sephacel anion exchange chromatography, Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B hydrophobic interaction chroamtography 및 Sephadex G-100 gel-permeation chromatography를 통해 순수 정제되었다. 정제된 효소는 SDS-PAGE상에서 분자량을 측정한 결과 56 kDa, Sephadex G-100 gel-permeation chromatography로 측정한 결과 57 kDa이었으며, 따라서 단일한 subunit로 구성된 효소이었다. 정제된 효소의 최대 활성을 위한 pH와 온도는 각각 pH 10.5와 4$0^{\circ}C$이였다. 5$0^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 처리시 34%의 잔존활성을 나타내었다. Acetaminophen과 4'-nitroacetanilide쉐 대한 Km값은 각각 0.10 mM과 0.11 mM 이었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2008

To evaluate the effective use of endoprotease from squid viscera as a food processing aid, various methods of fractionating endoprotease from viscera of the Argentina shortfin squid (Illex argentinus) were evaluated. The endoprotease-positive fractions of each fractionation were fraction II (30-40%, w/w) with cold acetone, fraction IV (50-60% saturation) with ammonium sulfate, fraction UF with anion exchange chromatography, and fraction II (15-24 kDa) with gel filtration. The specific activities (approximately 25 U/mg) of the fractions using ammonium sulfate and gel filtration were higher than the others. Total azocaseinolytic activity and recovery of the positive fraction using gel filtration were 806.95U and 37.82%, respectively, and were the highest among the positive fractions. Based on the results, gel filtration was the most efficient method for fractionating endoprotease from the viscera of Illex argentinus.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1994

The optimum cultural temperature and time for the pullulanase production by Bacillus cereus subsp. mycoides were 35$\circ $C and 48 hrs, respectively. The addition of egg albumin and casein to the basal medium increased the enzyme production. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. specific activity of the purified enzyme was 82.37 U/mg protein and yield of theenzyume activity was 62.1%. The purified enzuyme showed a single band on ployacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and its molecular weight was estimated to be 66.,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The isoelcular point for the purified enzyme was pH 5.0. The optimum temperature and pH were 50$\circ $C and pH 6.5, respectively. The purified enzyme was stable below 40$\circ $C and in the pH range of 6.5~10.0 The pullulanase activity was greatly inhited by Ag$^{+}$, Hg$^{2+}$ and EDTA, and its heat stability was increased by the addition of Ca$^{2+}$. The tydrolysis product with the enzyme on pullulan was maltotriose.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.269-272
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• 2002

Ethanol and butanol fractionation of E. senticosus showed strong anti-oxidant activity, and methanol and water extracts also had high anti-oxidant activity. The anti-oxidant activities in ethanol and butanol fractionation were higher than or similar to those of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. The cytotoxic effect of root extract of E. senticosus was evaluated on seven different human cancer cell lines, The extracts of leaf and stem of E. senticosus also had strong antioxidant activity, but the antioxidant activity in root extract was higher than those in leaf and stem extracts. Methanol, hexane, and aqueous fraction layer had much higher inhibitory activities on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes compared with ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. The effect of root extract of E. senticosus was evaluated on six human cancer cell lines. The values of 50% growth inhibition $(GI_{50})$ for the extracts were mostly below $30{\mu}g/ml$, and the extracts are considered as active inhibitory compounds on cancer cells.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1985

제한효소 Acc I을 정제하고 그 효소적 특성을 연구하였다. 300g(wet weight)의 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 로부터 얻은 crude extract를 sample로 하여 ammonium sulfate fractionation을 거쳐 Heparin-agarose, DEAE-se-phades, Affi,-gel Blue, phosphoceIIulose, hydroxylapatite의 순서로 chromatography를 수행한 결고 0 .28mg의 AccI 제한효소를 얻었다. 효소의 specific activity는 mg당 $1.1{\times}10^{s}$ unit 이었다. 정제된 Acc [제한효소는 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis에서 한개의 band로 나타났으며 그 분자량은 45,000~1,000이었다. 이 효소는 $MgCl_2$ 존재하에, pH 8.0에서 11.0사이에서 최대의 활성을 보였다. NaCl은 이 효소의 활성에는 필요하지 않았으나 150mN이상에서는 급격한 효소 활성의 감소가 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1386-1391
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• 1999

치자(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) 열매의 methanol추출물은 Gram양성 세균, Gram음성 세균, 효모 등의 미생물에 대하여 항미생물 활성을 보여, solvent fractionation, silica gel adsorption column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, ODS column chromatography, HPLC등에 의해 얻어진 활성 물질을 MS, GC-MS, $^{1}H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR$ 그리고 2D-NMR 등의 기기 분석에 의해 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid는 동정하였다. 치자 열매에서 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid가 항미생물 활성물질로 분리 동정된 것은 처음으로 생각된다. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid는 건조 치자열매에 g당 $32.7\;{\mu}g$ 정도 함유되어 있었다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2005

Although 2D-PAGE has been widely used as the primary method for protein separation, difficulties in displaying proteins with an extreme values of isoelectric paint (pI), molecular size and hydrophobicity limit the technique. In addition, time consuming steps involving protein transfer and extraction from the gel-pieces can result in sample loss. Here, we describe a novel protein separation technique with capillary size-exclusion chromatography (CSEC) for rapid protein identification from human plasma. The method includes protein fractionation along with molecular size followed by in-solution tryptic digestion and peptide analysis through reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) coupled to nanoflow electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Tryptic peptides are applied an a $100\;{\mu}m\;i.d.{\times}10mm$ length pre-column and then separated on a $75\;{\mu}m{\times}200mm$ analytical column at -100 nL/min flaw rate. Proteins were identified over the wide ranges of pI (3.7-12.3) when this technique was applied to the analysis of $1-2\;{\mu}L$ of human plasma. This gel-free system provides fast fractionation and may be considered a complementary technique to SDS-PAGE in proteomics.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-95
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• 1996

In the course of searching for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from crude drugs, it was found that total MeOH extract of Corydalis Tuber showed significant inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase. To isolate acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Corydalis Tuber, total MeOH extract of the the crude drug was subjected to activity guided fractionation. The MeOH extract was suspended in water and fractionated with methylene chloride and subjected to acid-base fractionation. Silica gel column chromatography of the basic fraction which showed significant inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase was carried out and 5 subfractions (1-5) were obtained. From subtraction 4, compound I was isolated. The structure of isolated compound I was identified by spectroscopic parameters of $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$, EI-MS and FAB-MS. The compound I was identified as berberine. It was found from the Lineweaver-Burk plot that berberine was a reversible and specific inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase having 90% inhibitory effect at the concentration of $2.5{\mu}M$.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2018

Arsenic (As) usually is bound to amorphous iron oxides in the soils, and it can be removed via dissolution of iron oxides. Inorganic acid and chelating agent are widely used to extract As in the soil washing. However, the overall performance is highly dependent on the state of As fractionation. In this study, oxalic acid and inorganic acids (HCl, $H_2SO_4$, and $H_3PO_4$) were applied to enhance the dissolution of iron oxides for remediation of As-contaminated soils. Oxalic acid was most effective to extract As from soils and removal of As was two times greater than other inorganic acids. Additionally, 75% of As bound to amorphous iron oxides was removed by 0.2 M oxalic acid. Arsenic removal by oxalic acid was directly proportional to the sum of labile fractions of As instead of the total concentration of As. Therefore, the oxalic acid could extract most As bound to amorphous iron oxides.