• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.21-40
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• 2023

Scooters are a popular way to get around on your own in many places, such as Taiwan, India, Thailand, etc., because they are easy to move around in, small, and cheaper to buy than cars. On the other hand, traditional scooters that run on fossil fuels put some pollution into the air and add to problems like global warming and air pollution. Switching from scooters that run on fossil fuels to electric scooters can help clean up the air in cities with much pollution. To promote the use of electric scooters, it's important to know how consumers feel about them. The current study investigates consumers' purchase intentions for electric scooters. Based on the questionnaire survey results (n = 567), we found that consumers' environmental concerns, price consciousness, and perceived subjective norms are associated with electric scooter purchase intention. Consumers with price consciousness may choose fossil-fuel-powered scooters because they consider electric-powered scooters more costly, although environmentally friendly. The study gives researchers and practitioners a glimpse into consumers' environmental concerns and subjective norms for a sustainable product.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.410-420
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• 2012

The heavy reliance on fossil fuels, especially oil and gas has triggered the global energy crisis. Continued use of petroleum fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of their depleting supplies and degradation to the environment. To become less dependent on fossil fuels, current world is shifting paradigm in energy by developing alternative energy sources mainly through the utilization of renewable energy sources. In particular, bioenergy recovery from wastes with the help of microorganism is viewed as one of the promising ways to mitigate the current global warming crisis as well as to supply global energy. It has been proved that microorganism can generate power by converting organic matter into electricity using microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFC is a bioelectrochemical device that employs microbes to generate electricity from bio-convertible substrate such as wastewaters including municipal solid waste, industrial, agriculture wastes, and sewage. Sustainability, carbon neutral and generation of renewable energy are some of the major features of MFCs. However, the MFC technology is confronted with a number of issues and challenges such as low power production, high electrode material cost and so on. This paper reviews the recent developments in MFC technology with due consideration of electrode materials used in MFCs. In addition, application of biocathodes in MFCs has been discussed.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.559-568
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• 2013

Increased worldwide concerns about fossil fuel costs and effects on the environment lead many governments and scientific societies to consider the hydrogen as the fuel of the future. Many researches have been made to assess the suitability of using the hydrogen gas as fuel for internal combustion engines and gas turbines; this suitability was assessed from several viewpoints including the combustion characteristics, the fuel production and storage and also the thermodynamic cycle changes with the application of hydrogen instead of ordinary fossil fuels. This paper introduces the basic environmental differences happening when changing the fuel of a marine gas turbine from marine diesel fuel to gaseous hydrogen for the same power output. Environmentally, the hydrogen is the best when the $CO_2$ emissions are considered, zero carbon dioxide emissions can be theoretically attained. But when the $NO_x$ emissions are considered, the hydrogen is not the best based on the unit heat input. The hydrogen produces 270% more $NO_x$ than the diesel case without any control measures. This is primarily due to the increased air flow rate bringing more nitrogen into the combustion chamber and the increased combustion temperature (10% more than the diesel case). Efficient and of course expensive $NO_x$ control measures are a must to control these emissions levels.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.1280-1285
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• 2011

Recently, due to the use of fossil fuels for electric power production, carbon emissions increased excessively. Thereby, in order to replace fossil fuels, many studies about fossil fuels such as solar and fuel cell energy source are progressing. Fuel cell system has high energy conversion efficiency. Also, fuel cell system is environmentally friendly system because the carbon emission is almost not occur. Therefore, the fuel cell system is considered as the core technology of in the fields of the future energy and environmental. Fuel cell system has an effect on distribution power system because another power source of other than large power plants. So, fuel cell system can be degradation reason of power quality in the power system. In this paper, we constructed the system for an assessment on harmonics effect. The system is composed with power source, harmonics generation and linear load, fuel cell system. we also performed assessment on harmonics effect in customer and the distributed power system during grid connection of residential fuel cell system. An assessment cases are divided into three. A Case 1 is state that residential load and fuel system are connected to grid, Case 2 is state that residential load and harmonics load are connected to grid, and Case 3 is state that all loads are connected to grid. As a output of fuel cell system is increase, analysis results based on assessment system showed that power quality became more aggravation as effect of harmonics.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2004

The purpose of this article is to introduce ocean energy and its application. In recent years, the energy consumption and requirement of fossil resources are increased due to the advanced life style. But, the amount of fossil fuels have limitation. Also, it is difficult to construct new large power plant facilities for the production of electric energy. Therefore, the necessities to study and to find out other energy resources are increased more and more. In the ocean, the efforts of using tide, wave, tidal current and thermal energy are should be attempt. To satisfy the needs, corporation is required among the government, research institute, university and company.

• Solar Energy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 1991

The greenhouse gases from fossil fuels and the global warming are discussed. In addition, a total clean energy system is conceptualized including the nuclear and renewable energies into a fossil fuel conversion stream to maintain the clean global environment while the increased energy demand is fulfilled.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2015

Fast depletion of fossil fuels is urgently demanding a carry out work for research to find out the viable alternative fuels for meeting sustainable energy demand with minimum environmental impact. In the future, our energy systems will need to be renewable and sustainable, efficient and cost-effective, convenient and safe. Hydrogen is expected to be one of the most important fuels in the near future to meet the stringent emission norms. The use of the hydrogen as fuel in the internal combustion engine represents an alternative use to replace the hydrocarbons fuels, which produce polluting gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydro carbon (HC) during combustion. In this paper contemporary research on the hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engine can be given. First hydrogen-engine fundamentals were described by examining the engine-specific properties of hydrogen and then existing literature were surveyed.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.365-408
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to compare efficiencies, two stage efficiencies, and the reduction of economic growth due to the restraint of $CO_2$ and fossil fuel in two efficiency approach by pointing out the limit of traditional efficiency approach and introducing material balance approach. The efficiencies under the traditional approach and the material balance approach report significant gaps when they are analyzed in detail. Especially, in case not including fossil fuels, the low income countries show the bad performance of production efficiencies, but OECD and high-middle income countries reveal the better performance than that of the low countries. It fails to reflect the reality justly. Based on the material balance approach, the low income countries report the higher performance and the alleviated effect of environmental components for economic growth than OECD's.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.669-675
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• 2009

As the use of new and renewable energy is one of the ways by which the exhaustion of fossil fuels and the other existing environmental problems can be addressed, a policy of spreading information regarding it and of conducting R&D related to it is currently being implemented in advanced countries. In the construction field, the concept of "green building" was born, and the application of this concept has increased, with the end in view of achieving energy savings, resource savings, and recycling, and of conserving the natural environment. In this context, the government of Korea amended the "Law on the Development, Use, and Promotion of New and Recycled Energy" in 2004, which contains 11 provisions related to new and renewable energy and their sources, including solar and geothermal energy as well as sunlight, water, rainfall, and organisms. Since solar-energy should be used instead of fossil fuels by converting sunlight directly into electricity, many researches on this subject are in progress. There are few researches, however, employing the economic approach to the subject. Thus, in this study, an economic assessment of the solar-energy system was conducted using both life cycle cost (LCC) analysis and sensitivity analysis. The results of the LCC analysis show that the solar-energy system will become economically better than the fossil fuel system after 16 years, although the initial construction cost of the solar-energy system is higher than that of the fossil fuel system. The results of this study are expected to be used in selecting an eco-friendly and economical solar-energy system when the construction of a green building is planned.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2007

The increasing industrialization of the world has led to precipitous rise for the demand of petroleum-based fuels. The world is presently confronted with the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. The search for alternative fuels, which promise a harmonious correlation with sustainable development, energy conservation, efficiency and environmental preservation, has become highly pronounced in the present. Bioenergy is playing an increasingly important role as an alternative and renewable source of energy. Use of Bioenergy has several potential environmental advantages. The most important perhaps is reduction in life cycle greenhouse gases emissions relatives petroleum fuels, since bioenergy is derived from plants which convert Carbon dioxide ($CO_{2}$) into Carbohydrates in their growth. Bioenergy includes solid biomass, biomas and liquid bio-fuels which are fuels derived from crop plants, and include biomass that's directly burned. The two most important bio liquid fuels today are bioethanol from fermenting grain, grass, straw or wood, and biodiesel from plant seed oil.