• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.828-833
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• 2017

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different methionine (Met) sources on production performance, reproduction performance, egg quality and serum biochemical indices in broiler breeders. Methods: After receiving a basal diet (containing 0.25% Met) for a 2-wk pretreatment period, a total of 360 39-wk-old Lingnan yellow broiler breeders were randomly allocated to four treatments with six replicates each (15 birds per replicate). Breeders were fed with basal diets (control) or diets supplemented with DL-methionine (DLM), DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio butytric calcium (MHA-Ca) and coated DL-Met (CME) respectively. Results: The results showed that CME supplementation promoted laying rate and decreased feed-to-egg ratio (F/E) (p<0.05), DLM and MHA-Ca supplementation decreased F/E (p<0.05) when compared with control group. The rate of fertility, hatchability and birthrate were higher (p<0.05) in DLM, MHA-Ca, and CME groups than control group. Compared with control group, CME increased the eggshell thickness (p<0.05); MHA-Ca improved the eggshell thickness, shell ratio and eggshell strength (p<0.05). Results also showed that CME elevated the concentration of total protein in serum (p<0.05); MHA-Ca improved the concentration of calcium in serum (p<0.05). The concentration of serum uric acid in DLM, MHA-Ca, and CME groups was lower than that in control group (p<0.05). Besides, CME had higher concentrations of serum taurine, cysteine and cystanthionine (p<0.05) while MHA-Ca and DLM promoted the serum taurine concentration (p<0.05) compared with control group. Conclusion: Based on the results, it was concluded that Met supplementation could enhance the production and reproduction performance as well as the antioxidant status and egg quality of broiler breeders. In terms of improving the production performance, reproduction performance and antioxidant performance, CME was superior to DLM and MHA-Ca; but in regard to the enhancement of eggshell quality and serum Ca concentration, MHA-Ca was superior to DLM and CME.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1651-1659
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• 2017

Objective: Lao PDR's recent accession to the World Trade Organization necessitates a greater understanding of the patterns and risk of livestock production in order to better align national policy with the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. This eco-health study was conducted to improve understanding of the interrelations between market chains and zoonotic infection risks at two strategic cross border points between Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam. Methods: Information gained from smallholder farmer/trader interviews was integrated with serological surveys for pig-associated zoonoses-including hepatitis E virus (HEV), Taenia solium (T. solium) and trichinella-to identify potential linkages between disease risk and pig production and slaughter in low input systems common across the country. Results: Trichinella and HEV exposure was high in both humans and pigs in both study areas, significantly associated with pig slaughter and the subsequent consumption and handling of raw pork products. T. solium demonstrated a strong geographical and ethnic association with the northern study area bordering Vietnam. With the right knowledge and accessible, affordable inputs, the majority of smallholder farmers indicated a willingness to invest more in pig production, which could simultaneously improve livelihoods and decrease exposure to HEV, Trichinella, and T. solium through increased access to formal markets and an improved slaughter processes. Conclusion: The linkages identified when assessing disease risk in the context of potential economic and cultural drivers of transmission highlight the importance of a systems-based approach for the detection and control of zoonotic disease, and contributes to an improved understanding of the Lao PDR livestock sector.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권4호
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• pp.577-585
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• 1996

대기오염과 산성우 피해를 평가하는 기준을 마련하고자, 인공산성연무(pH 2.5, 3.5 및 4.5)와 지하수(pH 6.5)를 쥐똥나무, 박태기나무, 무궁화 및 회화나무의 유묘에 처리하고 엽록소 함량, 엽피해 특성, 엽표면의 친수성을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 6월 12일 측정에서 쥐똥나무와 무궁화는 pH 2.5처리구에서 엽록소 함량이 가장 높았고, 박태기나무와 회화나무는 상대적으로 낮았다. 9월 1일 측정에서 쥐똥나무는 pH 2.5처리구에서 엽록소 함량이 가장 높았고 박태기나무, 무궁화, 회화나무에서는 대조구에서 가장 높았다. 2. 산성연무 처리에 따른 엽록소 함량의 변화는 수종에 따라 상이한 결과를 보였다. 3. 수종별 산성연무 처리가 계속되면서 모든 수종에서 처리산성연무의 pH값이 작아질수록 엽피해-피해엽수, 엽피해율, 피해엽면적 - 가 증가하는 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 4. 산성연무에 의한 활엽수 엽조직의 피해는 표피의 wettability에 의해 결정되는 것으로 판단된다. 표피에 떨군 물방울의 직경측정은 털이 없고 평활한 표면을 갖는 박태기나 회화나무 등의 수종에서는 산성우나 산성연무의 피해를 측정하는 기준으로 이용가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 1984

현대사회(現代社會)는 국민경제(國民經濟)의 고도성장(高度成長)에 수반(隨伴)되는 산업활동(産業活動)의 고도화(高度化), 도시집밀화사회(都市集密化社會)의 형성(形成), 생활수준(生活水準)의 향상(向上)에 따르는 여가선용(餘暇善用) 있어서, 삼림(森林)에 대(對)한 공익기능(公益機能)의 발휘(發揮)를 최대한(最大限)으로 요청(要請)하고 있다. 즉(卽), 삼림(森林)이 잠재적(潛在的)으로 보유(保有)하고 있는 야외(野外) recreation 자원(資源), 수자원(水資源), 야생조수(野生鳥獸), 어류(魚類), 목재(木材), 목초(牧草) 등(等)의 천연자원(天然資源)은 공익적(公益的), 경제적(經濟的) 양기능면(兩機能面)에서 복합적(複合的)으로 이용(利用)할 수 있게 하여야 한다. 특(特)히, 삼림(森林)의 공익기능(公益機能)의 수량화(數量化)가 필수부가결(必須不可缺)의 위치(位置)를 점(占)하게 됨으로 이에 대(對)한 연구개발(硏究開發)이 활성화(活性化)되어야 한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제101권1호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 산림수확계획 수립에 있어 벌채지 선정에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있는 수확분배시뮬레이션 모델의 도입을 위한 사례연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 Gustafson과 Crow가 개발한 HARVEST를 산림수확 공간분배 모델로 선정하고 국립산림과학원의 광릉시험림을 대상으로 벌채구획의 면적제한, 벌채지 선정방법, 및 벌채지 연접제한과 같은 기본적인 산림수확 경영방침을 적용하여 모델의 적용성을 검토하였다. 연구결과 벌채 구획의 면적제한 조건의 경우 허용벌채면적이 커질수록 벌채구획의 수는 적어지고 벌채구획간의 거리는 멀어지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 임의산개형, 군상형 군상택벌형 및 영급순 등 벌채임분의 선정방법을 달리하여 수확 시뮬레이션에 적용한 경우 군상택벌형을 제외하고 벌채구획의 크기와 개소 수는 비슷한 경향을 나타내었으나 벌채지간 거리에서 차이를 나타내었다. 벌채지의 연접제한은 이미 벌채된 임분 주변에서의 벌채를 제한하므로 벌채구획의 수를 증가시키는 효과를 나타냈다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합한 결과 HARVEST는 산림수확을 수행하는데 있어 다양한 경영목표에 따라 벌채구획의 수와 공간분포의 정도를 조절할 수 있는 효과적인 도구로 평가되었다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2021

Background and objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a forest healing program in terms of depression, neuropsychological and physiological benefits for the elderly. Methods: For this purpose, we developed a forest therapy program for the elderly who are vulnerable to dementia and conducted a total of 11 sessions of forest therapy activities in a forest once a week. We measured the changes in depression, resting-state Electroencephalography(EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) before and after the program. There were 60 subjects aged over 65 yesrs old. 30 subjects participated in the forest therapy program, and the other were in the control group. The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to measure the level of depression, neuroNicle FX2 (Laxtha, Korea) was used to measure the resting-state EEG, and photoplethymogram (ubpulse T1, Laxtha, Korea) was used to measure the HRV. Results: The results showed that the depression index of the experimental group improved with statistical significance after the program (experiment group = 3.267 decrease of the mean). In the EEG measurement, the alpha-peak frequency at rest (experimental group = 0.227 Hz increase of the mean) was improved (mean increase = 0.23 in the experimental group, p < .05). The high frequency of HRV, which represents the parasympathetic nerve activity of the body's autonomous response, was also significantly improved (mean increase = 0.396 in the experimental group, p < .05). Conclusion: The results suggest that the forest therapy program can reduce the cognitive, psychological and physical risk factors of dementia for the elderly at risk of cognitive decline. Therefore, forest therapy activities may be suitable for the prevention of dementia in the elderly.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-35
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• 2024

The assumption of homoscedasticity is one of the most crucial assumptions for many parametric tests used in the biological sciences. The aim of this paper is to compare the empirical probability of type I error and the power of ten parametric and two non-parametric tests for homoscedasticity with simulations under different types of distributions, number of groups, number of samples per group, variance ratio and significance levels, as well as through empirical data from an agricultural experiment. According to the findings of the simulation study, when there is no violation of the assumption of normality and the groups have equal variances and equal number of samples, the Bhandary-Dai, Cochran's C, Hartley's Fmax, Levene (trimmed mean) and Bartlett tests are considered robust. The Levene (absolute and square deviations) tests show a high probability of type I error in a small number of samples, which increases as the number of groups rises. When data groups display a nonnormal distribution, researchers should utilize the Levene (trimmed mean), O'Brien and Brown-Forsythe tests. On the other hand, if the assumption of normality is not violated but diagnostic plots indicate unequal variances between groups, researchers are advised to use the Bartlett, Z-variance, Bhandary-Dai and Levene (trimmed mean) tests. Assessing the tests being considered, the test that stands out as the most well-rounded choice is the Levene's test (trimmed mean), which provides satisfactory type I error control and relatively high power. According to the findings of the study and for the scenarios considered, the two non-parametric tests are not recommended. In conclusion, it is suggested to initially check for normality and consider the number of samples per group before choosing the most appropriate test for homoscedasticity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1167-1179
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to fathom the underlying mechanisms of nutrition intervention and redox sensitive transcription factors regulated by Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product (FAC) dietary supplementation in broiler chickens. Methods: Four hundreds d-old broilers (41±0.5 g/bird) assigned to 5 groups were examined after consuming control diet, or control diet replaced with 5% wheat bran (WB), 10% WB, 5% FAC, and 10% FAC. Liver mRNA expression of antioxidant, inflammatory and lipid metabolism pathways were analyzed. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) concentration in each group were tested in the chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) of 35-d old broilers to represent the stress level of the chickens. Furthermore, these cells were stimulated with 2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the cell stress tolerance by measuring cell viability and oxidative species. Results: Heme oxygenase-1, glutathione S-transferase, glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit, and superoxide dismutase, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) that regulates the above antioxidant genes were all up-regulated significantly in FAC groups. Reactive oxygen species modulator protein 1 and NADPH oxygenase 1 were both rather down-regulated in 10% FAC group as comparison with two WB groups. Despite expressing higher level than control group, birds receiving diet containing FAC had significantly lower expression level in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and other genes (inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-richcontaining family, pyrin domain-containing-3, and cyclooxygenase 2) involving in inflammatory pathways. Additionally, except for 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase that showed relatively higher in both groups, the WB, lipoprotein lipase, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid binding protein, fatty acid desaturase 2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha genes were expressed at higher levels in 10% FAC group. In support of above results, promoted Nrf2 and inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation in chicken liver were found in FAC containing groups. H₂O₂ and NO levels induced by LPS and AAPH in cPBMCs were compromised in FAC containing diet. In 35-d-old birds, PGE₂ production in cPBMCs was also suppressed by the FAC diet. Conclusion: FAC may promote Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and positively regulate lipid metabolism, both are potential inhibitor of NF-κB inflammatory pathway.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권2호
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• pp.170-175
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• 2013

소나무재선충병 방제법 중 임업적 방제법을 개발하기 위한 일환으로 숲가꾸기 시 발생하는 어린 소나무림(수고 1~2 m)과 장령 소나무림(수고 9~10 m)의 건전한 벌근(伐根)이 소나무 재선충의 매개충인 솔수염하늘소의 서식에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 야외 그물망 케이지(1 m ${\times}$ 1 m ${\times}$ 1 m)내에 어린 소나무림과 장령 소나무림별로 4가지 종류의 처리를 하였다(2010년 2월, 2011년 2월, 4월, 6월). 2010년 6월 하순에 각 케이지 마다 4~5쌍의 솔수염하늘소 성충을 방사한 후 2011년 8월말까지 후식(maturation feeding)시켰다. 2011년 10월말에 각 시료목에 출연하는 유충의 침입공과 서식여부를 조사하였다. 그 결과 솔수염하늘소의 우화 당년도인 2011년 2월, 4월, 6월에 숲가꾸기한 어린 소나무림과 장령 소나무림의 건전한 벌근에서는 솔수염하늘소 유충이 서식하였으나 솔수염하늘소 방사 16개월전인 2010년 2월에 숲가꾸기한 건전한 벌근에서는 솔수염하늘소의 유충이 출현하지 않았다. 어린 소나무의 벌근에 서식하는 유충은 장령 소나무의 벌근에 서식하는 유충에 비하여 몸통 크기가 작게 나타났으며, 장령 소나무림벌근의 경우 수피의 요(凹)형 부위(할목 부위)에서 유충이 서식하는 경향이었으며, 출현한 유충 모두가 수피부나 수피부와 목질부 사이에 서식하고 있었으나 목질부에서는 출연하지 않았다. 따라서 숲가꾸기한 건전목의 벌근처리에 대한 방제 지침을 마련을 위하여 건전목의 벌근 높이에 따른 매개충의 산란 및 유충 서식여부에 대한 조사가 요구된다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.469-481
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• 2019

Background: As South Korea is becoming an aged society very rapidly, the increase in osteoarthritis prevalence raises various public health issues in this country. This study aimed to explore the socio-demographic factors associated with osteoarthritis in the current Korean elderlies. Methods: Using the National Survey of Korean Elderly data (2014, 2017), we analyzed 20,326 elderlies (males, 8,248; females, 12,078) and conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses by sex. The dependent variable is whether a participant was diagnosed with osteoarthritis or not. Independent variables of interest is socio-demographic factors such as age, marital status, household type, residential area, household income, religion, the longest job, the number of close relatives, the number of close friends, and survey year. Control variables are various health behavioral factors and disease-related factors. Results: Prevalence of osteoarthritis was 19.2% in male elderlies and 47.0% in female elderlies. According to the results of the multivariate logistic regression adjusted for all studied control variables, the odds ratio (OR) for having osteoarthritis of under-elementary school graduates (their counterpart was college graduate group) was 1.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-2.52) in males and 1.67 (95% CI, 1.12-2.47) in females. The OR of those having a job in agriculture & forestry fishery as their longest job (their counterpart was those who had never participated in labor force during their lifetime) was 5.07 (95% CI, 1.46-17.58) in males and 1.49 (95% CI, 1.27-1.74) in females. In males, the second-low quartile group in household yearly income (their counterpart was the highest quartile group) had the OR of 1.22 (95% CI, 0.98-1.53). In females, the OR of those having a religion of Buddhism (their counterpart was those having no religion) was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.07-1.35) and the OR of those who had no relatives (their counterpart was those having more than 3 close relatives) was 1.31 (95% CI, 1.10-1.56). Conclusion: This study found that in Korean elderlies, education, the longest job, household income, religion, and the number of close relatives are associated with their suffering from osteoarthritis. Further study and designing appropriate interventions are needed to alleviate current and future individual and socioeconomic burdens of osteoarthritis in an aged society like South Korea.