• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the difference in facilities of natural recreation forests developed by public and private body to answer the research that what is the difference in development of natural recreation forest between public and private developer\ulcorner After reviewing the literatures, developer's decision-making and motivation of investment, and the planning process of natural recreation forest, we had constructed th conceptual framework and have found the hypothesis of this research. Using data on development status of natural recreation forests and questionnaire surveying of 625 visitors from 9 among 72 natural recreation forests in Korea, We analyzed the data through the comparison of quantity of facilities per 1000 visitors and logistic regression method for quality of facilities. We have found that 1) the six facilities have been turned out to be statistically significant in determining the difference of public and private recreation forests. i.e., infrastructure including roads, maintenance and information and lodging and evacuation, indoor education, outdoor education, and shopping, 2) public recreation forests are well equipped such basic facility as roads, maintenance and information, lodging and evacuation while private recreation forests are well equipped such facility as indoor education, outdoor education, and shopping, and 3) the importance of such facility as roads, maintenance and information, lodging and evacuation, outdoor education, and shopping have been turned out to have 1.99, 2.26, 1.99, 3.01 and 2.24 times more important than that of indoor education, respectively. We can conclude that public recreation forest seems to be equipped with the facilities for sound recreational opportunities for general public, and private recreation forest turned out to have more facilities for pursuit of profits, installed basic facilities for user convenience and service, and special facilities for attracting user and raising revenue. Using the results of this research, we can make a guideline for a market positioning, and standards and provisions of natural recreation forests. We suggest that the relationship between user-satisfaction and recreation facility is needed to be examined in the future research.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2004

This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation in granite forest roads cut-slope. From two to sixteen year elapsed forest roads in four regional areas of Gangwon-do, sample plots were selected, and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil moisture content, and bulk density in the decomposed granite soils were below 1.32%, 0.08%, 10.0%, and above 1.24g/$cm^3$, respectively. The result indicated that the soil was not good for plant growth. The environmental factors affecting distribution of species in the granite forest roads were the elapsed year, cut-slope, elevation, and cut-slope aspect. Species with high frequency in the granite forest road cut-slope ordered Lespedeza bicolor, Rubus crataegifolius, Pinus densiflora, Lysimachia clethroides, Amorpha fruticosa, Dactylis glomerata, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Festuca arundinacea, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Artemisia stolonifera, and Weigela subsessilis. Herbs seeded in earth stage such as Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, and Festuca arundinacea had changed into perennial herbs such as Carex lanceolata, Poa sphondylodes, Patrinia villosa, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Melica onoei, Artemisia keiskeana, Artemisia stolonifera, Astilbe chinensis var. davidii, Spodiopogon sibiricus, and those had changed into shrubs such as Rubus crataegifolius and Weigela subsessilis, and those had changed into trees such as Salix hulteni, Salix koreensis, and Fraxinus rhyncholhylla according to elapsed year of forest roads. Legumes such as Lespedeza sp., Pueraria thunbergiana, Amorpha fruticosa, etc., herbs such as Artemisia keiskeana, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Artemisia stolonifera, Astilbe chinensis var. davidii, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., and woody plants such as Pinus densiflora, Rubus crataegifolius, Weigela subsessilis, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Rhododendron mucronulatum, etc., with foreign herbs were considered as proper species for replantation in granite forest road cut-slope.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2004

This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation in granite forest roads cut-slope. From one to fourteen year elapsed forest roads in eight regional areas of Gyeongsang-do and Jeolla-do, sample plots were selected, and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil moisture content, and bulk density in the granite weathering soils were below 0.4%, 0.03%, 12.4%, and above 1.2g/$cm^3$, respectively. The result indicated that the soil was not good for plant growth. The environmental factors affecting distribution of species in the granite forest roads were the elapsed year, elevation, and cut-slope aspect. Invaded species with high frequency in the forest road cut-slope ordered Pinus densiflora, Lespedeza bicolor, Rubus crataegifolius, Alnus hirsuta, Youngia denticulata, Patrinia villosa, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, and Dactylis glomerata. Herbs seeded in earth stage such as Dactylis glomerata, Eragrostis curvula, Festuca arundinacea, Lespedeza sp., and Amorpha fruticosa had changed into perennial herbs and shrubs such as Youngia denticulata, Patrinia villosa, Aster scaber, Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Melica onoei, Astilbe chinensis var. davidii, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum, Pueraria thunbergiana, Stephanandra incisa, and Clematis apiifolia, and had changed into plants such as Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Artemisia keiskeana, Miscanthus sinensis, Pinus densiflora, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Rubus crataegifolius, and Zanthoxylum schinifolium according to elapsed year of forest roads. Leguma such as Lespedeza sp., Pueraria thunbergiana, Amorpha fruticosa, etc., herbs such as Artemisia keiskeana, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., and woody plants such as Pinus densiflora, Rubus crataegifolius, Rhododendron mucronulatum, etc., with foreign herbs were considered as proper species for replantation in granite forest road cut-slope.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제105권4호
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• pp.456-462
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• 2016

본 연구는 임도의 목재수확작업에서의 활용효과에 대한 실증적 구명을 위해 5개 지방산림청 8개 경영계획구의 실행자료를 토대로 목재수확작업에서의 임도시설 전 후의 접근성 변화와 비용절감 효과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 임도 및 공도로부터 500 m 이내 목재수확 작업의 사업실행 면적은 임도 시설 전 평균 25.2%에서 시설 후 평균 88.3%로 약 3.5배 증가하였으며, 임도 시설에 따른 목재수확작업 비용 절감효과는 평균 308천원/km/년인 것으로 나타났다. 이에 임도시설이 목재수확작업을 위한 접근성 개선 및 작업비용 절감효과가 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 임도 시설확충을 위한 지속적 정책추진이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2008

충청남도 핵심생태축인 금북정맥의 지속가능한 보호를 위해 위성영상 분석과 현장조사를 통하여 금북정맥의 산림지역에 발생한 훼손지의 특성을 파악하였다. DEM을 활용하여 조사범위를 선정하고 SPOT 5 영상을 활용하여 의심되는 훼손지를 추출하였으며, 추출된 훼손지 정보에 대해서는 현장조사를 통하여 검증과정을 거쳤다. 그 결과, 금북정맥을 단절시키는 도로는 75개소였으며, 3m 이하의 경미한 도로단절 구간이 26개소이고, 왕복 2차선 이상의 도로에 의해 단절된 지점이 40개소 존재하였다. 도로는 대부분 도로 양쪽을 양분하여 원래 하나의 생태계였던 것을 분리하는 특징을 가지고 있으므로 도로 단절에 의한 생태계 분리의 최소화를 위해 도로 주변의 생태계 모니터링이 요구된다. 금북정맥의 산림에 영향을 미치는 훼손지는 2,083개소 5,760.7ha로 나타났다. 훼손지에는 과수원이 가장 큰 면적을 차지하였고, 공공시설과 자연초지 순으로 높게 나타났다. 이로 미루어 보아 인위적인 토지이용이 고도와 경사에 관계없이 빈번하게 이루어 졌음을 알 수 있었다. 금북정맥이 지속적으로 훼손되고 있으나 남아있는 자연성을 유지하고 갱신하기 위해서는 지속적인 모니터 링과 분석을 통한 보전지역의 설정과 보전을 위한 지역민들의 공감대 형성이 요구된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 1998

To investigate the restoration progression on soil physical properties and vegetation at the surface of logging road affected by timber harvesting operation. This study was carried out at logging roads constructed from 1989 to 1994 in Mt. Baekwoon, Kwangyang, Chollanam-do. Judging from the analysis of soil hardness, there were significant changes in the depth of soil between 5 and 10cm. Soil hardness was recovered from the compacted condition to the natural forest condition after 9 years passed. Soil macroporous ratio (pF2.7) of topsoil was higher than that of deep soil. Soil moisture retention of topsoil was more improved than that of deep soil. From the view of soil bulk density, the necessary time for recovering to the undisturbed condition of forest soil was about 10 years in the logging road left. Soil physical properties such as soil bulk density and porous ratio were recovered as time passed. Improved soil physical properties promoted the plant recovery on the logging road surface. The dominant species on the logging roads were Comus kousa, Prunus sargentii as overstory species, Rubus crataegifolius, Lespedeza bicolor as understory species, and Saussurea gracilis, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum as herbaceous species. The plant recovery of bank-slopes was faster than that of cut-slopes and road surface. In progress of year, average plant coverage were 70 to 90% in cut- and bank-slopes and 30 to 60% on the logging road, surface which was elapsed 9 years after logging road construction. Therefore, additional planting and seeding work could be effective to the soil condition and vegetation restoration.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2017

This study aimed to predict changes in forest area using a probability density function, in order to promote effective forest management in the area north of the civilian control line (known as the Minbuk area) in Korea. Time series analysis (2010 and 2016) of forest area using land cover maps and accessibility expressed by distance covariates (distance from buildings, roads, and civilian control line) was applied to a probability density function. In order to estimate the probability density function, mean and variance were calculated using three methods: area weight (AW), area rate weight (ARW), and sample area change rate weight (SRW). Forest area increases in regions with lower accessibility (i.e., greater distance) from buildings and roads, but no relationship with accessibility from the civilian control line was found. Estimation of forest area change using different distance covariates shows that SRW using distance from buildings provides the most accurate estimation, with around 0.98-fold difference from actual forest area change, and performs well in a Chi-Square test. Furthermore, estimation of forest area until 2028 using SRW and distance from buildings most closely replicates patterns of actual forest area changes, suggesting that estimation of future change could be possible using this method. The method allows investigation of the current status of land cover in the Minbuk area, as well as predictions of future changes in forest area that could be utilized in forest management planning and policymaking in the northern area.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2002

This study tested the usefulness of landscape indices for quantifying forest fragmentation due to linear development projects. Research was carried out in the middle-upper Nakdong River watershed, which has been affected by the expressway building, or national road-widening. Landscape indices were calculated from the forest cover maps before and after road-building using FRAGSTATS 3.1. We could successfully demonstrate the forest fragmentation based on landscape indices; (1) patch size decreased, and edge density and patch density increased (2) roads simplified patch shapes, especially in the larger patches, (3) patch core area size decreased, and core area density increased, (4) the distance increased between the focal patch and each of the other patches within the search radius (=1km) as a result of roads. We suggest several important needs for future researches, including continued investigation of scaling issues, development of indices that measure specific components of spatial pattern, and study of the relationships between forest fragmentation and ecological processes.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.513-523
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• 1996

본 연구는 임도의 노선 선형이 차량의 주행속도에 마치는 영향을 규명하고, 임도의 구조를 개선할 수 있는 개선책을 제시하고자 하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구는 기존의 임도 설계서 및 설계도면을 검토사여 연구 목적에 부합하는 임도를 선정하고, 연구대상 임도에 대해 종단물매, 노폭, 곡선반지름, 곡선길이, 곡선부의 편구배 등 노선선형 인자와 노면의 상태 등을 측정하였다. 선택된 실험차량을 이용하여 주행실험을 한 결과, 차량의 주행속도에 크게 영향을 미치는 인자는 노면의 상태, 곡선반지름, 학성물매, 곡선길이, 종단물매인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 실험차량의 주행속도는 임도시설규정에서 제시된 설계속도에 비해 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 적재시(적차)의 주행 속도는 비적재시(공차)에 비해 70-85%의 값을 보였다. 그리고 노면의 상태에 따라 곡선반지름과 종단물매의 증가에 따른 주행속도의 변화를 식으로 나타낼 수 있었다. 이러한 연구의 결과는 가존의 임도 뿐만 아니라 향후 개설될 임도의 질을 판단하고, 임도에서의 주행속도를 개선시킬 수 있는 임도 구조의 선택을 가능하게 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제107권3호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2018

본 연구는 강원대학교 학술림 임도를 대상으로 횡단배수구의 유출구 피해 유무에 영향을 미치고 있는 총 10개 인자를 조사하여 피해특성을 파악하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 임도횡단배수구 피해유무에 영향을 미치지 않은 인자는 배수구의 종단위치, 횡단위치, 토질 및 관암거 높이이며, 피해영향에 관련된 인자는 유출구 위치, 도수로 유무, 관암거 직경, 관암거 경사, 집수정 크기 등의 순으로 영향을 미치고 있다. 또한 이들 인자를 이용하여 임도횡단배수구 유출구 피해유무 예측을 위한 판별함수식을 도출하였으며, 판별적중률은 68.8%로 산출되었다.