• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_3호
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• pp.589-602
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• 1998

Mt. Nam (265m), a city park of Seoul, was originally covered with a typical deciduous broad-leaved forests in Central Korea. However, the park forests have been changed the development for various purpose such as the construction of castle wall, road way, broadcasting station, theater, hotel and apartments, in addition, to thoughtless plantation or alien plant introduction. Human population growth from ca. 100 thousands persons less in that time established Seoul as the capital of choseon dynasty in 1394 to ten millions over persons at present, accelerated the vegetational changes of the park. mt. Nam boundary in those days of sunjong (1908) also was much shrinked as much the range of 300 m distance in the northern most to 700 or 800m distance in some places. The actual vegetation of Mt. Nam largely can be classified by floristic composition into two plant communities of Quercus mongolica community and Pinus densiflora community, four plantations of Pinus rigida, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Populus tomentiglandulosa and other tree species, and on mixed forest with native and alien tree species in secondary succession stage (Yim et al. 1987). The restoration movement of Mt. Nam toward to the natural condition of forest or biodiversity is moving now. However, in the movement there are some problems such as the lack of ecological consideration and the undesirable decision of priority in the practice. A warning should be given, especially, on the undesirable plantation of non-native tree species restricting the forest succession, as in the case of southern slope of Mt. Nam. First of all, the most importance in Mt. Nam management is that the restoration for natural forest and biodiversity should be carried on the basis of integrated ecological principles based on the site evaluation.

• 지질공학
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.585-596
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• 2022

본 연구는 충주시 산척면 상산마을 일대 임도 비탈면을 대상으로 지질 및 지형 인자 중 산사태 발생에 영향력이 큰 인자를 선정하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구지역은 집중호우 기간에 반경 2 km 이내에서 집중적으로 다수의 산사태가 발생했기 때문에 동일 강우조건 및 식생 조건으로 가정할 수 있다. 따라서 이들의 영향을 배제한 상태로 지형적 요인 및 토층의 물리·역학적 특성과 관련된 인자들만의 영향도를 파악할 수 있는 지역이다. 산사태 발생지점 37개소와 미발생 지점 45개소를 대상으로 현장조사, 실내시험, 지형 공간분석 등을 통해 토층의 물리·역학적 자료 및 비탈면의 지형 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료를 대상으로 이상치 제거, 최소-최대 정규화, 다중공선성 진단의 순으로 전처리를 수행하였고, 9개의 독립 변수를 선정한 후 구조방정식 모형분석과 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 통계학적 분석 결과, 토층두께, 공극률 및 포화단위중량이 연구지역의 산사태 발생에 크게 영향을 미친 것으로 파악되며, 상기 3개 인자의 영향도 합계는 구조방정식 모형분석에서 전체의 71%, 로지스틱 회귀분석에서 전체의 83%를 차지하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2007

The Baekdudaegan Mountain Range is a backbone of the Korean Peninsula which carries special spiritual and sentimental signatures for Koreans as well as significant ecological values for diverse organisms. However, in spite of importance of this region, the forests of Baekdudaegan have been damaged in a variety of human activities by being used as highland vegetable grower, lumber region, grass land, and bare land, and are still undergoing destruction. The existing researches had determined the details of the damage through on-site and recent observations. Such methods cannot provide quantitative and integrated analysis therefore could not be utilized as objective data for the ecological conservation of Baekdudaegan forests. The goal of this study is to quantitatively analyze the forest damage in the Baekdudaegan preservation region through land cover categorization and change detection techniques by using satellite images, which are 1980s, and 1990s Landsat TM, and 2000s Landsat ETM+. The analysis was executed by detecting land cover changed areas from forest to others and analyzing changed areas' spatial patterns. Through the change detection analysis based on land cover classification, we found out that the deforested areas were approximately three times larger after the 1990s than from the 1980s to the 1990s. These areas were related to various topographical and spatial elements, altitude, slope, the distance form road, and water system, etc. This study has the significance as quantitative and integrated analysis about the Baekdudaegan preservation region since 1980s. These results could actually be utilized as basic data for forest conservation policies and the management of the Baekdudaegan preservation region.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Background: Though the biomass of floral vegetation in understory plant communities in a forested ecosystem only accounts for less than 1% of the total biomass of a forest, they contain most of the floral resources of a forest. The diversity of understory honey plants determines visitation rate of pollinators such as honey bee (Apis mellifera) as they provide rich food resources. Since the flower visitation and foraging activity of pollinators lead to the provision of pollination service, it also means the enhancement of plant-pollinator relationship. Therefore, an appropriate management scheme for understory vegetation is essential in order to conserve pollinator population that is decreasing due to habitat destruction and disease infection. This research examined the diversity of understory honey plant and studied how it is related to environmental variables such as (1) canopy density, (2) horizontal heterogeneity of canopy surface height, (3) slope gradient, and (4) distance from roads. Vegetation survey data of 39 plots of mixed forests in Chuncheon, Korea, were used, and possible management practices for understory vegetation were suggested. Results: This study found that 113 species among 141 species of honey plant of the forests were classified as understory vegetation. Also, the understory honey plant diversity is significantly positively correlated with distance from the nearest road and horizontal heterogeneity of canopy surface height and negatively correlated with canopy density. Conclusions: The diversity of understory honey plant vegetation is correlated to vegetation structure and human impact. In order to enhance the diversity of understory honey plant, management of density and height of canopy is necessary. This study suggests that improved diversity of canopy cover through thinning of overstory vegetation can increase the diversity of understory honey plant species.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.94-106
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• 2008

As populations inhabiting in natural ecosystem are fragmented by artificial barriers and habitats are destructed by development, extinction possibility of species is getting higher. It is necessary to design and to manage conservation areas and corridors considering animals' movement and migration for sustainable species diversity in present circumstances. 'Least-cost modeling' is one commonly employed approach in which dispersal costs are assigned to distinct habitat types and the last-costly dispersal paths among habitat patches are calculated using a geographical information system (GIS). This study aims to design ecological corridor using least-cost path method and to apply it to a regional ecological network considering movability of medium-large size mammals. This study was carried out over the metropolitan area, which has been deforested by rapid urbanization. Nevertheless there is connected with Gangwon province, Baekdudaegan mountain range and DMZ, considered where many forest species can migrate to this region. This study employs such an approach to develop least-cost path models for medium-large size mammals, have inhabited for this entire region. Considering those species, two forest areas as a source of species supply and forest areas more than 1,000ha are selected as focal forest areas. Movement and migration paths from species supply sources to focal forest areas are calculated by applying landscape permeability theory using land cover map, road density map and land slope map. Results showed least-cost paths from species supply sources to focal forest areas on two species. Wildcat and roe deer are different in some least-cost paths caused by their landscape permeability but paths show generally same specifics. The result of considering regional distribution of expected movement and migration paths to regional ecological network, low altitude mountains of western metropolitan area are evaluated important area for species connectivity. In national or regional levels ecological connectivity is essential to promote species diversity and to preserve integrated ecosystem. This study concludes that developing least-cost models from similar empirical data could significantly improve the utility of these tools.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제113권1호
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• pp.14-30
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• 2024

본 연구는 한국의 울주군에서 발생한 땅밀림지의 지질, 지형, 유효 토심, 토양경도, 전기비저항탐사, 지반조사를 통해 땅밀림 위험지 특성을 파악하여 땅밀림에 의한 인적, 물적 피해를 완화하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 실시하였다. 이 지역은 2022년 도로 확장공사의 영향으로 땅밀림이 발생하였는데, 하층식생이 크게 발달하지 않은 경사지로 상단부는 강우 시 집수가 잘 되는 요형 지형으로 나타났다. 땅밀림지의 주 구성 암석은 셰일, 사암, 역암으로 구성되어 있으며 땅밀림지의 토양은 대조구의 토양보다 점토함량이 약 3.6배 많은 것으로 분석되었으며, 모래와 점토가 많고, 실트가 적은 결과로 전형적인 땅밀림 토양으로 나타났으며, 전기비저항 탐사결과 저비저항이상대가 나타나 지하수대가 형성되는 것으로 나타났다. 토양 경도는 대조구보다 땅밀림지가 낮았으며, 땅밀림지의 평균토심은 30.4 cm로 대조구 24.7 cm보다 깊은 붕적토 지역이었다. 이러한 땅밀림의 특징을 파악하여 효과적인 선제적 대응 체계와 모니터링 시스템 구축이 필요하다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2022

This study investigates the characteristics and physical habitat requirements for each Bufo gargarizans life history through a literature survey. After deriving variables for each component of Bufo gargarizans, in order to reduce regional deviations from eight previously studied literature research areas for deriving the criteria for variables, a total of 12 natural habitats of Bufo gargarizanss are selected as spatial ranges by selecting four additional sites such as Umyeonsan Ecological Park in Seoul, Wonheungibangjuk in Cheongju in the central region, Changnyeong Isan Reservoir in the southern region, and Mangwonji in Daegu. This study presents Bufo gargarizans SI, a species endemic to Korea, whose population is rapidly declining due to large-scale housing site development and road development, and develops a Bufo gargarizans HSI model accordingly to improve the function of the damaged Bufo gargarizans habitat and to present an objective basis for site selection of alternative habitat. At the same time, it provides basic data for adaptive management and follow-up monitoring. The three basic habitat requirements of amphibians, the physical habitat requirements of Bufo gargarizans, synthesized with shelter, food, and water, and the characteristics of each life history, are classified into five components by adding space and threats through literature research and expert advice. Variables are proposed by synthesizing and comparing the general characteristics of amphibians, among the previously studied single species of amphibians, the components of HSI of goldfrogs and Bufo gargarizans, and the ecological and physical environmental characteristics of Bufo gargarizans. Afterwards, through consultation with an amphibian expert, a total of 10 variables are finally presented by adjacent forest area(ha), the distance between spawning area and the nearest forest land(m), the soil, the distance from the wetland(m), the forest layered structure, the low grassland space, the permanent wetland area(ha), shoreline slope(%), PH, presence of predators, distance from road(m), presence or absence of obstacles. n order to derive the final criteria for each of the 10 variables, the criteria(alternative) for each variable are presented through geographic information analysis of the site survey area and field surveys of the previously studied literature research area. After a focus group interview(FGI) of 30 people related to the Bufo gargarizans colony in Cheongju, a questionnaire and in-depth interviews with three amphibians experts are conducted to verify and supplement the criteria for each final variable. Based on the finally developed Bufo gargarizans HSI, the Bufo gargarizans habitat model is presented through the SI graph model and the drawing centering on the Bufo gargarizans spawning area

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2016

This study established the definition of invasive disturbance species for a sustainable management and biodiversity, and derived the influence factors caused by the species. To define the species, the paper reviewed similar words such as alien species and invasive species, using standard definitions. Also reviewed the results of recent research on the factors of the species. The paper defined the invasive disturbance species as an species whose establishment and spread threaten ecosystems, habitats or species with economic or environmental harm including native and non-native. Through the reviews, The factors were classified as geographic (altitude, slope, and soil, etc.), climate (temperature, precipitation, climate change, etc.) and, anthropogenic (land use, population, road, and human activity, etc.), and species & vegetation structure (species property, local-species richness, and canopy, etc.). Especially, human activity such as urbanization and highways may be associated with both higher disturbance and higher propagule pressure. In the further study, it is required development of mitigation strategies and vegetation structure model against invasive disturbance species in urban forest based on this study.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.161-172
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• 2010

As the interest on biodiversity has increased around the world, researches about evaluating potential for habitat are also increasing to find and comprehend the valuable habitats. This study focus on comprehending the significance of stream in evaluating habitat's potential. The purpose of this study is to evaluate habitat potential with applying stream as a main variable, and to comprehend the relationship between the variables and habitat potential. Basin is a unit that has hydrological properties and dynamic interaction with ecosystem. Especially, biodiversity and suitability of habitat in basin area has direct correlation with stream. Existing studies also are proposing for habitat potential evaluation in basin unit, they applied forest, slope and road as main variables. Despite stream is considered the most important factor in basin area, researchers haven't applied stream as a main variable. Therefore, in this study, three variables that can demonstrate hydrological properties are selected, which are, riparian distance, stream order and land use disturbance, and evaluate habitat potential. Habitat potential is analyzed by using Maxent (Maximum entropy model), and vertebrate's presence data is used as dependent variables and stream order map and land cover map is used as base data of independent variables. As a result of analysis, habitat potential is higher at riparian and upstream area, and lower at frequently disturbed area. Result indicates that adjacent to stream, upstream, and less disturbed area is the habitat that vertebrate prefer. In particular, mammals prefer adjacent area of stream and forest and reptiles prefer upriver area. Birds prefer adjacent area of stream and midstream and amphibians prefer adjacent area of stream and upriver. The result of this research could help to establish habitat conservation strategy around basin unit in the future.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.100-113
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• 2007

In Korea, there has been no revegetation applicable standard for slopes formed by road construction work up to now, so revegetation work has been done using mostly foreign varieties in the manner of early revegetation. However, foreign varieties have some shortcomings; for example, they tend to be dried to death after construction work. Besides, due to the rift in the supporting soil, these revegetated varieties are often displaced from the slopes. Thus, the Ministry of Construction & Transportation on July, 2005 established revegetation standard on the slopes suited for the natural eco-system of Korea and organized positively recommending directions for using self-sewn plants growing near the slopes in overall consideration of soil, weather, regional conditions. The locations specified in this direction are the slopes at the road construction jobsite like the expressway, highways, and local roads. In addition, the Ministry's standard and directions stipulated that damaged slopes's natural environment and eco-system due to various road construction work should be restored, and thus a feeling of stability and pleasantness should be provided to road users as well. Also, the Ministry tried to select seed plants and revegetation measures suited for surrounding environment to put the environment-friendly slope revegetation measures into practice through the test revegetation work in order to prevent illegal construction practices and to improve the quality of revegetation. According to the direction, revegetation districts aimed at the slopes are divided into three ones in consideration of weather environment, regional environment, and forest environment as follows : national territory's core ecological green-land based district centering on the Taebaek Mountains; coastal ecosystem district including islands off the coast; inland eco-system district. The combination of revegetation plants according to environment revegetation districts, should be executed by dividing into herb-oriented type, woody plant colony type, and bio-species versatility restoration type, and the selection of seeding plants should be done in the presence of a supervisor and through test construction results and technology counseling from a specialist in natural eco-system restoration and revegetation measure seed combination standard according to environment revegetation districts. This direction will be executed in the manner of monitoring until the yea 2008 and 2009 it will be finalized and enforced on December, 2009.