• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.375-391
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• 2022

Improving public awareness of wood is crucial for expanding the use of wood and establishing a wood culture. In this study, the environment and trends of the public's wood utilization were analyzed using a questionnaire survey and online text mining at a time when eco-friendly practices are gaining popularity. As a result of reducing climatic and environmental concerns and its positive physical and psychological effects, the use of wood is predicted to rise in areas intimately connected to everyday living, such as wood furniture, wooden structures, and interior materials. Nonetheless, there was a negative awareness that wood was expensive, difficult to maintain, and associated with deforestation. The correlations between wood-related search terms on major Korean portal sites were analyzed and categorized into five groups: Wooden architecture, cultural education, woodworking, wood industry, and wood policy. As a building material, wood was seen as more traditional and friendly than reinforced concrete and stone. Eighty-six percent of respondents expected to utilize wood as a building material in the future, regardless of whether the wood is domestically produced or imported. Sixty-five percent responded favorably about the effects of wood on the health of wooden home inhabitants. It is believed that both active publicity and quantifiable value analysis of human and environmental friendliness are required to increase pro-environment awareness of wood utilization.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2000

When interpreting change over time in forest ecosystems, distinguishing the effects of forest succession from the effects of environmental stress can be difficult. The result may be a simplistic interpretation. citing a specific successional or environmental cause of forest change when both types may be occurring. We present two case studies of changes in the forest floor in northern hardwoods. First, the belief that 50% of soil organic matter is lost in the first 20 years after logging was based on a study comparing northern hardwood stands of different ages. We resampled a series of 13 such stands after an interval of 15 years, and found that the young stands were not, in fact. losing organic matter as rapidly as predicted from the original chronosequence study. The pattern of higher organic matter content in the forest floors of older stands compared to young stands could be equally well explained by changes in logging practices over the last century as by the aging of the stand. The observed pattern of forest floor organic matter as a function of stand age was previously interpreted as a successional pattern, ignoring changes in treatment history. In the second case study, observed losses of base cations from the forest floor were attributed to cation depletion caused by acid rain and declining calcium deposition. We found that young stands were gaining base cations in the forest floor; losses of base cations were restricted to older stands. Differences in litter chemistry in stands of different ages may explain some of the pattern in cation gains and losses. In this case, the contribution of successional processes to cation loss had been overlooked in favor of environmental stress as the dominant mechanism behind the observed changes. Studies of environmental stress use repeated measures over time. but often don't consider stand age as a factor. Studies of successional change often assume that environmental factors remain constant. We were able to consider both forest succession and external factors because we repeatedly sampled stands of different ages.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제88권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 1999

이 연구는 강원도 평창군 내 국유림의 활엽수 천연림 지역을 대상으로 하여 산림 작업에 의해 변화된 서식지 구조에 따른 소형 포유류 개체군의 차이를 파악하고자 1996년 5월에서 11월까지의 기간 동안 조사를 실시하였다. 소형포유류를 4주 간격으로 생체포획용 덫을 사용하여 7회에 걸쳐 포획-재포획 법을 통해 포획을 실시하였다. 조사지역에서는 흰넓적다리붉은쥐(45.1%, n=64)와 대륙밭쥐(54.9%, n=78)의 2종이 포획되었는데, 흰넓적다리붉은쥐는 벌채지와 비벌채지에서, 대륙밭쥐는 간벌지와 비벌채지에서 각각 포획되었다. 월별 포획된 소형 포유류의 개체수를 비교한 결과 비벌채지에서 가장 높았으며, 벌채지에서 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 월별 포획된 지역별 개체군의 동태 역시 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 조사지역별로 성숙 개체들의 체중에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났는데 흰넓적다리붉은쥐의 경우 벌채지보다 비벌채지에서, 대륙밭쥐의 경우 간벌지보다 비벌채지에서 포획된 개체들의 체중이 무거운 것으로 나타났다. 서식지 구조에 따라 소형 포유류 개체군의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났는데 이를 통해 서식지의 산림환경구조가 소형 포유류의 종 구성 및 서식에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제101권2호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2012

이 연구는 생활환경보호구역의 실태를 분석함으로써 합리적인 산림관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 2011년 3월부터 2011년 12월까지 실시하였다. 직경급에 따른 ha당 입목본수를 분석한 결과, II영급과 III영급으로 아직 유령림의 단계를 나타내므로 간벌 및 가지치기를 통해 장령림으로 유도할 필요가 있다. 생활환경보호구역의 I영급의 수령이 작은 수목들에 대해서는 불량목을 제거해 주고, 우량목을 선별하여 집중적으로 무육할 필요가 있고, III영급의 수목 중 간벌 및 가지치기, 미래목으로 무육하기 위한 수종을 선택, 집중적으로 육성시킬 필요가 있다. 또한 생활환경보호구역의 산림은 과거 사방지로서 하층식생의 활엽수림 다양화를 위하여 리기다소나무 등 수종갱신을 위한 우수한 임목의 수하식재 및 간벌 및 가지치기 등을 통한 숲의 활력을 증진시키는 산림시업이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 조사대상지역의 산림은 현재 리기다소나무림이 주수종을 이루고 있으나 단기간에 리기다소나무 등을 벌채하지 않고, 부분적으로 갱신을 유도하며 중층 및 하층을 형성하고 있는 갈참나무, 굴참나무, 졸참나무 등 참나무림을 육성하는 수종 갱신시업이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2007

Almost all the people, particularly the rural people are directly dependent on the continued productivity of natural resources, like water, soils, forests and fisheries. But the overuse by the extremely high population pressures has degraded the natural resources into severe widespread deforestation. The degradation of natural resources, particularly the plant resources has been a great concern for socio-economic and sustainable development of the country. The Forests in Bangladesh have been depleted and degraded in volume, area, and quantity, thus requiring urgent forest protection by identifying the causes of forest loss. There are so many causes of deforestation and loss of genetic resources such as; the timber industry, which, legal or not, are cutting too many trees; indigenous forest dwellers, having their own types of problems; migrants, who, because of problems in their places of origin, have decided to move to the forests and the government through its Forest Department which is not able or willing to implement suitable policies to regulate the cutting trees and to prevent illegal cutting. Because it is a time consuming task to mitigate the first and second sets of factors, we recommend involving forest dwellers in forestry practices as much as possible and taking necessary steps to alleviate the third and fourth sets and thereby reduce the rate of forest depletion. Accordingly, a number of strategies that should be adopted to halt the loss of remaining forest cover are discussed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of thinning and pruning on characteristics of forest stand, mesopore ratio and soil water content at the Pinus koraiensis stands in Gwangneung, Gyeonggido. The Pinus koraiensis had been planted in 1976 and thinning and pruning were carried out in 1996. A sample area survey was conducted at experimental plots (thinned and unthinned) in 1998 and 2005, and mesopore ratio and soil water content have been monitored from 2000 to present. Average tree height of the thinned plot increased from 10.9m to 13.2m and from 10.3m to 12.8m for the unthinned plot. Average D.B.H of the thinned plot increased from 15.9cm to 21.1cm and from 14.5cm to 16.7cm for the unthinned plot during the period 1998-2005. Crown density at the thinned plot increased from 81.5% to 95.0% and from 89.5% to 95.0% for the unthinned plot during the period 1998-2005. Mesopore ratio (pF2.7) of A layer soil at the thinned plot was 40.1% while that of the unthinned plot was 37.3%. Changes of mesopore ratio at unthinned plot were not associated with stand age, but those at thinned plot had increased and then decreased, showing declining of the practice effect. Average soil water content at the thinned plot were 23.7% and 22.4% for the unthinned plot. Soil watercontents at both plots have been increased with increase in stand age. But the difference of soil watercontent at each plot has been decreased, especially at the depth of 10cm.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2014

Collection of lichen together with tree twigs of oak and other trees bearing abundant growth of lichens is a common practice among the villagers and the rivals residing near Oak forests in Kumaun Himalaya. Nainital forest division represents about Twenty nine percent vegetation of the Oak forest in Kumaun Himalaya. In Kumaun, the lichen trade share is decreasing at an alarming rate of 21.93% which requires immediate actions by the Government. Lichen contributed significantly to household earnings with off-farm activities and this sector was found second highest income creator after Agriculture. It is a source of cash income during the season of extraction, which increases economic access to food. It has been observed in the present study that the secondary collector and transporters together get maximum share (>50%) of income generated from lichen, thus economic exploitation of the poorly educated people by the traders was still prevalent in the area. To improve the socio-economic standard of the people of Kumaun, it may is necessary to increase and improve the lichens resources of the area. There is a strong need for scientific management, best harvesting practices and strict monitoring of resources. The present study was conducted to assess the present and future resource potential for the conservation and sustainable management of lichens, existing market mechanism, role of Lichens in economic upliftment and livelihood generation of rural communities in Kumaun Himalaya.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2008

Growth and yield prediction methods, ranging from whole-stand models to individual-tree models, have been developed for forest types managed for wood production. The resultant models are used for a host of purposes including inventory updating, management planning, evaluation of silvicultural alternatives, and harvest scheduling. Because of the large investment in developing growth and yield models for improved genotypes and silvicultural practices for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in the Southern United States, this region serves to illustrate approaches for modelling intensively managed forests. Analytical methods and computing power generally do not restrict development of reliable growth and yield models. However, long-term empirical observations on stand development, which are time consuming and expensive to obtain, often limit modelling efforts. Given that growth and yield models are used to project present volumes and to evaluate alternative treatment effects, data of both the inventory type and the experimental type are needed. Data for developing stand simulators for loblolly pine plantations have been obtained from a combination of permanent plots in operational forest stands and silvicultural experiments; these data collection efforts are described and summarized. Modelling is essential for integrating and synthesizing diverse information, identifying knowledge gaps, and making informed decisions. The questions being posed today are more complex than in the past, thus further accentuating the need for comprehensive models for stand development.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2010

Forests are being seriously fragmented as a result of land development. Land development with disregard to its subsequent environmental impacts is a primary threat to biodiversity by incurring massive habitat losses and changes in structure and composition of forests. The purpose of this study was to develop the impact assessment model for quantitative distance or degree of disturbance by land developments. This study conducted a survey about structure and composition of forest species to determine degree of impact from land development. The edge effect of forest fragmentation on the number of bird species, population size, and bird diversity was obvious. In particular, the bird diversity sharply declines around the forest edge where intensive land development projects take place. To assess the disturbance of forest species, the factors selected were the bird diversity and the rate of edge species. The impact assessment model about bird diversity was explained by type of forest fragmentation and type of vegetation ($R^2$=0.23, p<0.005). The other model about edge species explained by a distance, type of forest fragmentation, type of vegetation, and width of road ($R^2$=0.34, p<0.001). In order to test the applicability of the model developed in this study, the models was applied to the Samsong housing development in Goyang-si, Gyunggi-do. The impacts of land development on the bird species were reasonably quantified to suggest effective mitigation measure. The impact assessment model developed in this study is useful to assess the magnitude of disturbance of bird species. Particularly, the model could be applied to the current Environmental Impact Assessment practices to predict and quantify the impacts of land developments projects on forest bird species.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

The Dutch colonial government introduced social forestry at the end of the 19th century with a commitment to controlling forest resources in the Dutch East Indies. This program was a response to the rampant deforestation which had resulted in forest degradation and poverty of the population around the forest. This study examined the practice of social forestry in the late colonial period which had not been done much. From a historical perspective, social forestry practices in Indonesia before independence could be explained more comprehensively. This study uses a historical method which includes four stages: heuristic, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography (composing historical stories). Sources of information were explored through studies of archival documents and contemporary artefacts, especially official colonial government reports and contemporary newspapers/magazines. Data from various sources are then compared and tested for validity to obtain data validity. The next stage is to build facts based on data obtained and then interpreted using the social science theories. Finally, compiling a historical (historiographical) story about social forestry during the late colonial period. The results showed that colonial forestry during the colonial period was still limited in terms of area and method, namely in the area of teak forest and involving villagers through the intercropping system. Farmers involved in these activities are called pesanggem who earn income from forest land being rejuvenated. However, the relationship between pesanggem and the forestry service has not been well institutionalized, consequently the pesanggem is often disadvantaged. Including certainty of ownership and ownership of forest land never gained clarity and even became a source of conflict.