• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.311-323
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• 2004

To date, restoration ecology has focused on local areas, particularly small-scale ecosystems. As such, restoration ecology has been applied to areas with clear boundaries, such as roads, abandoned mines, wetlands, and forest ecosystems. However, those involved in these restoration efforts, due to their tendency to implement comprehensive plans to change the landscape structure, and their mismanagement of the restoration process, have more often than not wound up weakening the ecological functions of surrounding ecosystems, and in further degrading the ecosystem which they were trying to restore. To resolve these problems and restore a comparatively large-scale region, methods to assess the impact of such restoration efforts on surrounding ecosystems must be developed. These include expanding the scale of restoration efforts; in other words, moving from the local to the landscape scale. As a conclusion, practice of ecological restoration is increasingly moving towards landscape scale in order to deal with these problems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1272-1272
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• 2001

Eutrophication processes of aquatic environment are strictly correlated with the concentration levels of nitrogen, phosphorous, organic matter and biological parameters such as phytoplankton and chlorophylla (Tremel, 1996; Burns et al., 1997; Young et al. 1999; Wei et al.,2000). Accordingly, the monitoring and evaluation of these factors will provide useful information about the health of aquatic ecosystem. However, the traditional types of auqatic chemistry analysis and ecological monitoring of phytoplankton are time-consuming, costly, and further resulting in secondary pollution due to the use of reagents. NIR (near-infrared) spectroscopy, as a rapid, non-destructive, little sample preparation and reagents-free technology (Hildrum et al., 1992), has been extensively applied to the characterization of food (Osborne and Fearn, 1988), pharmaceutical (Morisseau and Rhodes, 1995) and textile materials (Clove et al.,2000). Currently, NIR technology has been used indirectly in inferring lake water chemistry by two approaches, suspended (Malley et al., 1996) or seston (Dabakk et al., 1999), and sediments (Korsman et al., 1992; Malley et al., 1999). In addition, the evaluation of trophic state and the identification of the key factors contributed to the trophication are the key step to restore the damaged aquatic environment. Moreover, an understanding of the factors, which regulate the algal proliferation, is crucial to the successful management of aquatic ecosystem. In the paper, NIR technology will be used to study the environmental factors affecting the algal proliferation in combination with the trophic state index and diversity index. This novel developed system can be applied in monitoring and evaluating allopathic water environment and provide real time information services for the aquatic environment management.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.74-87
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• 2001

When the revegetation of the slopes is required, it is more desirable to consider it from the ecological view point rather than from the disaster-preventive one because the environment is critical for the introduction of pioneer plants to the denuded slopes. The ecological point of view adheres to the maintenance of the present, original ecosystem of the construction area. The new revegetation technology is presented using native microorganisms and its effective usuage was discussed based on the data in the research field. Direct seeding is recommended and explained in detail than planting seedlings. The importance of inclination angle of slope face is shown for the successful revegetation from its relationship with the thickness of soil. It is indicated that the introduction of pilot plants to the slopes should include their ability to ease the acid rain effects as much as possible. Finally every construction may not be desirable for the maintenance and improvement of the global ecosystem without the consideration of the opinions mentioned above.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.30-31
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• 2013

Land use and land cover change (LULCC) due to human activities directly affects natural systems and contributes to changes in carbon exchange and climate through a range of feedbacks. How land use and land cover changes affect carbon exchanges can be assessed using multiyear measurement data from micrometeorological flux towers. The objective of the research is to assess the impact of land use and land cover change on carbon exchange in a heterogeneous cropland area. The heterogeneous cropland area in Haenam, South Korea is also subjected to a land conversion due to rural development. Therefore, the impact of the change in land utilization in this area on carbon exchange should be assessed to monitor the cycle of energy, water, and carbon dioxide between this key agricultural ecosystem and the atmosphere. We are currently conducting the research based on 10 years flux measurement data from Haenam Koflux site and examining the LULCC patterns in the same temporal scale to evaluate whether the LULCC in the surrounding site and the resulting heterogeneity (or diversity) have a significant impact on carbon exchange. Haenam cropland is located near the southwestern coast of the Korean Peninsula with land cover types consisting of scattered rice paddies and various croplands (seasonally cultivated crops). The LULCC will be identified and quantified using remote sensing satellite data and then analyzing the relationships between LULCC and flux footprint of $CO_2$ from tower flux measurement. We plan to calculate annual flux footprint climatology map from 2003 to 2012 from the 10 years flux observation database. Eventually, these results will be used to quantify how the system's effective performance and reserve capacity contribute to moving the system towards more sustainable configuration. Broader significance of this research is to understand the co-evolution of the Haenam agricultural ecosystem and its societal counterpart which are assumed to be self-organizing hierarchical open systems.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.472-479
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• 2024

Half of the world's total population lives in cities, continuous urbanization is progressing, and the urban population is expected to exceed two-thirds of the total population by 2050. To resolve this phenomenon, the Korean government is focusing on building a new urban air mobility (UAM) industrial ecosystem. Airlines are also part of the UAM industry ecosystem and are preparing to improve efficiency in safe operations, passenger safety, aircraft operation efficiency, and punctuality. This study performs demand forecasting using time series data on the number of daily passengers on Korean Air's Gimpo to Jeju route from 2019 to 2023. For this purpose, statistical and machine learning models such as SARIMA, Prophet, CatBoost, and Random Forest are applied. Methods for effectively capturing passenger demand patterns were evaluated through various models, and the machine learning-based Random Forest model showed the best prediction results. The research results will present an optimal model for accurate demand forecasting in the aviation industry and provide basic information needed for operational planning and resource allocation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.78-90
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• 2020

We studied forest structure and composition in the vicinity of Srinagar Hydroelectric Power Project in Alaknanda Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India to provide baseline data for the management of forests. Eight sites were selected in the vicinity of power project based on elevation and species composition. Density varied from 650 to 340 ind ha^-1 for trees and from 4,360 to 6,480 ind ha^-1 for shrubs. TBC ranged from 35.02 to 54.02 ㎡ ha^-1 for trees and from 0.875 to 2.628 ㎡ ha^-1 for shrubs. On the basis of density and IVI, Pinus roxburghii was found dominant tree species in most of the sites, whereas among the shrubs, Carissa opaca was dominant. Dominance of Pinus roxburghii in most of the sites is an indication towards possible threat to associated species in the area. The dominance-diversity curve of trees showed a geometric distribution, whereas the shrubs displayed log-normal curves. The forest has rich and diverse species composition however; habitat degradation caused by the construction of Power Project might lead to reduction of plant species from the area. The information obtained from this study will be helpful in predicting possible changes in the forest ecosystem properties in near future after completion of the power project.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.4 no.1_2
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• pp.38-51
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• 1981

The present investigation was estimated the effect of temperature, precipitatiion, and time on the decomposition of litters with litter bags of Pinus densiffora and Quercus mongolica at Gure where elevation in 50m, and at Nogodan where elevation in 1300m on Mt. Jiri. As the above results, decomposition model was proposed to relation of the environmental conditions. And was investigated the production and decomposition of litters from the stands of various forest communities in Kwangneung, Mt. Jiri and Mt. Halla. The results are as follows; The models for the decay of organic carbon (C) was as follows: $C=Coe^{-Kt}$ (limiting factor;time) $C=Coe^{-K'te}$ (limiting factor;tempedrature) $C=Coe^{-KnP}$ (limiting factor:precipitation) As observed in litter bag method, the decomposition rate of litter in Pinus densiflora was slower than that of Quercus mongolica. The higher elevation, the slower decomposition rate. The decomposition of litters at Gure where elevation in 50m was equally influenced by temperature and precipitation. But at Nogodan where elevation in 1300m was much inflenced by precipitation. The decay constant of litters was larger in hardwood forest than in coniferous forest. In the same species, the more elevatiion, the less decomposition constant. The time required for the decay of 50%, 95^, 99% of the accumulated litters in the forest floor were faster in hardwood forest than in coniferous forest. In the same species, the higher elevatiion, the longer time required.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-58
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• 2011

This paper is performed to study for the plants ecosystems for the rural community forest of designated as natural monument. In addition, it is also proposed the plan of the rural community forest's conservation and restoration for avoiding to the destroy of indiscriminate development such as land-use, cultivation. The rural community forest is a mirror that reflect the regional culture and history, as well as environment. According to this view, undoubtedly, we need to recognise the formative background of rural community forest, the relations between the environment around and the characteristic of plants ecosystem comprehensively. For the purpose of proposing to the plan of rural village forests' conservation and restoration, therefore, this study is: 1) reviews the previous research and ancient documents, and 2) surveys the vegetation structure and the growing conditions in rural village forest directly.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1111-1124
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• 2017

This study aimed to understand the distribution of vegetation in the eastern and western sides of the Baekdudaegan (ridge) dividing the Odaesan National Park, as influenced by its topography and climate. The actual vegetation, topography and climate for each side were used in the overlay analysis. The results of the analysis of actual vegetation showed a high distribution rate of Quercus mongolica forest on both the eastern and western sides. On the eastern side, the distribution rate of Pinus densiflora forest and P. densiflora-Q. variabilis forest was high, while the western side had a high distribution rate of deciduous broad-leaved tree forest and Abies hollophylla forest. A clear trend was identified for vegetation distribution with respect to elevation but not with respect to slope or aspect. The results of micro-landform analysis showed that the P. densiflora forests in the ridge and slope and the deciduous broad-leaved tree forest in the valley were respectively distributed with a high ratio. In terms of climate, the eastern side revealed an oceanic climate, with a relatively high average annual temperature, while the western side was characterized by relatively high average annual humidity and average annual precipitation. The distribution rate of P. densiflora forest was found to be high on the eastern side of the mountain range.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.72-74
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• 2003

Forest canopy density is an ideal representative of the forest habitat situations. It can directly or indirectly depict the canopy structure and gap size in the forestland, thus could be applied to assessment of wildlife’s diversit y. Since population survey of vegetation and wildlife diversities is a key issue for sustainable forest ecosystem management, many research efforts have been focused on forest canopy density using multispectral data in the last two decades. Unfortunately, prediction of canopy density using large scaling remote sensing data remains a challenging issue. Due to recent advances in hyperspectral image sensors hyperspectral imagery is now available for environmental monitoring. In this paper, we conduct experiments to monitor complicated environments of forestland that can be captured by using hyperspectral imagery and further be analyzed to test a prediction model of forest canopy density. The results show that 95% of canopy density could be well described by using 2 difference vegetation indices (DVIs), which are difference of blue and green reflectances rband_100-rband_150 and difference of 2 short wave infrared reflectancse rband_406-rband_410 With the wavelengths of band no. 100, 150, 406, and 410 specified by 462.39 nm, 534.40 nm, 918.22 nm and 924.41 nm respectively.