• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.470-475
• /
• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions and purchase behaviors on foreign matters in food. For that, we conducted a survey of 348 adults living in a metropolitan area. Concern over the presence of foreign matters in food was a lower than that for other harmful factors such as heavy metals, BSE, harmful microbes and so on. 70% of respondents would not take the snack which was detected a rat's head, including the manufacturer's product and similar products with it after the foreign matter incident. In contrast, about of 54% respondents were willing to buy canned tuna after the incident. It is necessary to prepare more detail management and policy on foreign matters in food.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2013

Foreign matters in foods are important food safety issue of consumers, retailers, food manufacturers and food safety authorities in Korea. In order to provide information for development of risk management options and detection technology for foreign matters, multifactorial risk of foreign matters in foods was estimated based on various factors including detection rate, health adverse effect, economic and social aspects. For the each of five food items and foreign matters which were selected from previous study, factors including detection rates, health adverse effects, annual production amounts and willingness to additional pay to reduce foreign matters in foods were quantitatively estimated. The highest risk score was estimated for metal-noodle combination followed by insect-noodle and metal-beverage combinations. The multifactorial risk assessment on foreign matters in food could provide useful information to support risk managers and scientist in complex decision making when various factors should be concerned and different food-foreign matter combinations are compared.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.698-702
• /
• 2004

At five stations in Gyeongan River, a tributary of Lake Paldang, physicochemical and biological environmental factors of water, particulate matters, and sediments were investigated biweekly from April 11 to December 22 in 2001. The studied area was characterized as a stream-lake system. The system is primarily referred to a place where the environmental factors had considerably changed depending on the amount of precipitation. As a result, the river turned out to be strongly eutrophicated. Also, some characteristics of the water and the particulate matters at midstream such as average concentrations of conductivity, nutrients, and chlorophyll $\alpha$ were higher than the characteristics of up and down-stream. However, the concentrations of organic matters and ratio of clay and silt of the midstream were determined to be higher than up and down-stream sediments. As the result of the factor analysis, 4 major different patterns for environmental factors are found from samples of water, particulate matters, and sediments.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.25-44
• /
• 2014

Conflict between transnational environmental issues and foreign investment in capital-importing states can be commonly found. Actually, several investor-state dispute arbitration cases like Bilcon v. Canada, S.D. Myers v. Canada, and Metalclad v. Mexico concerned environmental matters. States are worried about their measures for securing the environment might be deemed to go against international investment agreements and foreign investors also are anxious because of excessive regulations. Against this backdrop, stakeholders attempt to strike a balance between securing foreign investment and preserving the environment. This article argues that the investment chapter of the Korea-US FTA tries to solve environment-investment collision in investor-state disputes. Before analyzing the provisions of the investment chapter most relevant to environmental issues, this article points out the most typical types of environmental clauses included in international investment agreements. The investment chapter of the Korea-US FTA has provisions which effectively prevent measures from becoming useless when those measures are legitimate measures relevant to environmental matters. This does not mean that the Korea-US FTA completely solves the conflict between environmental issues and the protection of foreign investment, but still it paves the way for a prudent solution which would hash out this thorny problem.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
• /
• v.34
• /
• pp.203-238
• /
• 2020

This paper focuses on legal risks and risk management affecting foreign religions or foreign religious legal persons in Taiwan. Beginning with an overview of relevant legal norms, types, processes, precautions, other such considerations, the purpose of this paper is to assist foreign religions when they first come to Taiwan for development. The contents of this paper can inform the adoption of a suitable methodology. If foreign religions want to come to Taiwan to develop, there may be several methods for their development: 1. Send Individual Missionaries to preach in Taiwan 2. Send Groups to Preach in Taiwan: 1) specify these groups as temples (or religious groups called "Lingtai (靈臺)"). 2) form civil associations or unincorporated religious groups 3) cases of temples that have not been registered (or specified as "Lingtai") 4) cases of offices and independent property and religious purposes that are not registered with the government or registered as temples (differentiated from item 3) 3. Establishing a research center in Taiwan: When foreign religions have established religious consortia in foreign countries, they can come to Taiwan to set up branches. 4. The establishment of legal persons in Taiwan: These are divided into "school legal persons", "religious corporate legal persons" and "religious consortium legal persons." Each of the above types has a different law applicable to it. This article will introduce the contents of each applicable law and important related matters such as the relevant funds, setting incentive rules for outstanding religious groups, and religious groups applying for foreigners. Due to foreign-related factors in the development and setting up of foreign religions in Taiwan, Act Governing the Choice of Law in Civil Matters Involving Foreign Elements is the parent law for solving conflicts regarding laws and regulations. The spirit of Article 2 and Italian Private International Law, Article 25, Paragraph 1 and so on, adopts the legalism of establishing legal personhood. It is clear that the national law regarding legal persons is the law under which it was incorporated. Therefore, foreign religious legal persons who encounter legal issues in Taiwan fall under the national law, which was established as domestic law. Therefore, internal matters regarding foreign legal persons are also applicable to domestic law.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.299-308
• /
• 2007

Hwabyung is an culture-bound anger syndrome in Korea. It consists of as one or more of a wide range of physical symptoms, in response to emotional stress. In this case, a 51-years woman complained neck pain and foreign body sensation in throat. We diagnosed her Hwabyung because her chief complaint occurred from stress in process of traffic accident. We classified her Soeumin in Sasang Constitutional Medicine, and used Hwanggigyeji-tang. And we encouraged her think positive and don't worry about little matters because Soeumin tend to think negative and wony about little matters. After treatment, her condition got improved. This report suggest that treatment method of Sasang Constitutional Medicine such as herb medicine and way of thinking is effective in treatment of Hwabyung patient.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.375-379
• /
• 2006

Detection of wooden foreign body represents a clinical challenge. Wood is typically radiolucent, so wooden foreign bodies are generally cannot be seen on survey radiography. Failure to locate and remove foreign bodies can lead the patient to the long-term secondary inflammatory reactions or infections. The dog described in the present report ingested a wooden foreign body(cotton swab stick) a year ago. The foreign body remained in the intestinal tracts which were attached to each other due to the prior abdominal operation. The wooden piece in the intestine functioned as a nidus and inorganic matters were gathered forming calculus on the outer layer of foreign body. In the radiograph, the foreign body appeared to be a chicken bone which of it's inner area was more radiolucent than the outer layer. Because the wooden foreign bodies that have remained for long time in the intestinal tract can be seen like a bone by mineralization, the diagnosis of the wooden foreign bodies should be done prudently.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.79-103
• /
• 2014

In light of increasing international trade in recent years, international arbitration has been more widely used by international parties to resolve their conflicts. Thus, the need for reliable and effective enforcement of foreign arbitral awards has amplified. To facilitate the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, the New York Convention lists grounds for the refusal of recognition and enforcement in Article V. This paper examines prominent U.S. case law on Article V(1)(b), which is put in place to ensure that arbitration proceedings are conducted properly in accordance with due process requirements: proper notice to parties and an opportunity to a fundamentally fair hearing. This examination of case law conveys that U.S. courts refuse to enforce foreign arbitral awards pursuant to Article V(1)(b) only when due process rights of the party against whom the award is to be enforced are clearly violated by the arbitral tribunal. This paper also reveals that U.S. courts mainly defer to arbitral tribunals' discretion, especially as to evidentiary matters. Therefore, it is predicted that U.S. courts will likely continue to narrowly construe the grounds in Article V to facilitate reliable and effective enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the U.S.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.49-70
• /
• 2015

There are three categories of arbitration - domestic arbitration, foreign-related arbitration and foreign arbitration. Although the meaning of foreign arbitration and International Commercial Arbitration is different, they are used to mean the same in practice. In fact, there is significant controversy about the meaning of non-domestic arbitration because it is too difficult to distinguish between non-domestic arbitration and domestic arbitration. In the Chinese arbitration system, there are two main laws,Chinese Arbitration Law and Chinese Civil Procedure Law. Chinese Arbitration Law regulates the internal matters, while Chinese Civil Procedure Law regulates the external legal regulations. After the 2012 revised Chinese Civil Procedure Law, a number of laws and regulations have been revised, and almost every Arbitrations Rules have been revised, and will be in effect in 2015. Depending on the nationality of arbitration, the applicable laws will be different. The nationality of arbitration is so important that this paper will pay more attention to it. Although the case in China has no precedent effect, it is so important to the parties that this paper will address it. This paper will analyze the process and the cases of the recognition and enforcement of the award system in China.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.18
• /
• pp.159-188
• /
• 2002

International joint ventures are usually formed and managed by domestic companies and foreign investors for the common objectives. They offer an opportunity for each partner to benefit significantly from the comparative advantages of the other. Local partners bring knowledge of the domestic market; familiarity with government bureaucracies and regulations; understanding of local labor markets; and existing manufacturing facilities. Foreign partners can offer advanced process and product technologies, management know-how, and access to export markets. In Korea, joint ventures have been encouraged to usher in foreign investors with foreign currency capital badly needed during the IMF financial crisis. In the meantime, Korean laws and regulations with respect to joint ventures have been largely overhauled to promote foreign direct investment (FDI) both inbound and outbound. They include four types of FDI, i.e., acquisition of foreign stocks, provision of long-term loans, participation in joint operations like resources development, and establishment of foreign offices. From the legal point of view, the formal joint venture agreement must be an offspring of a series of tough negotiations between domestic and foreign partners. They usually stress the long-term relationship with the good will and dedication to each other, and restrict the free transfer of stocks. Both partners are earnestly interested in the ownership and management of the joint venture. So they keep a close eye on the articles of incorporation, changes of business environment, conflict resolution methods, transparency of accounting and other financial matters. When a multinational corporation (MNC) is involved in the joint venture, conflicts over management strategies, marketing and other issues take place more often than not between the MNC and local partners. We have to pay attention to joint ventures, particularly, in China and North Korea. As witnessed in other transition economies, China is eagerly bringing in foreign direct investments for the development of nation's economy. China encourages foreign investors to establish ordinary joint ventures, contractual joint ventures, solely invested foreign capital companies and jointly operated development companies with local partners. In North Korea, however, joint ventures have a different meaning like contractual joint ventures in China, in which North Korean partners have an initiative in the management. Rather, jointly operated companies or simply processing-for-wage companies are recommended in view of the unpredictable legal infrastructure in North Korea.